高考短文改錯解題思路與答題技巧
短文改錯題檢測考生發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章錯誤的能力.進而考察學(xué)生的詞法、句法及行文邏輯等方面的水平，考察高三學(xué)生在語篇中綜合運用的能力，高三英語水平的高低完全可以從這一題型體現(xiàn)出來。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理關(guān)于高考短文改錯解題思路與答題技巧的內(nèi)容，希望大家喜歡!
高考短文改錯解題思路
對全文的宏觀把握
學(xué)生應(yīng)把改錯內(nèi)容當(dāng)作一篇小短文來理解，這樣能對短文有個宏觀把握，對上下文有全面的了解，在理解篇章的基礎(chǔ)上逐句審讀，分析判斷，上下兼顧，把明顯的、拿的準的題先做完，這樣可以縮小包圍圈，也有助于對全文的進一步理解。
1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整，特別是每個句子要有動詞;
2.謂語動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài);
3.非謂語動詞的用法;
4.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，格的使用是否正確;
5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準確無誤;
8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。
短文改錯的復(fù)習(xí)重點
1.考生必須熟悉設(shè)錯方式：多詞、少詞、錯詞。
2.多詞現(xiàn)象大多出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、助動詞、連詞、語義重復(fù)及行文邏輯等方面。
3.少詞現(xiàn)象主要出現(xiàn)在冠詞、介詞、副詞、助動詞、不定式符號to、連詞等。
4.錯詞現(xiàn)象主要在冠詞、介詞、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動詞時態(tài)、非謂語動詞、主謂一致、代詞、連詞、詞形。
5.考生平時應(yīng)加強基本功訓(xùn)練，用一個“錯題集”本把自己或同學(xué)在書面表達中出現(xiàn)的錯誤歸納一下，以便考前復(fù)習(xí)。
高考短文改錯類型
1. 謂語動詞的錯誤是歷年考試的重點和熱點，常見動詞錯誤類型有①一般現(xiàn)在時與一般過去時錯用;②and前后動詞時態(tài)不一致;③主謂不一致; ④缺少動詞,特別是be動詞; ⑤第三人稱單數(shù)形式錯用;⑥主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)錯用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改為do，錯誤類型屬于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改為visited, 錯誤類型屬于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,錯誤類型屬于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改為were，錯誤類型屬于③)
2. 名詞的常見錯誤：單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改為subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 連詞錯誤 連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞，并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞，一般考查從句關(guān)系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯用了who的所有格形式，改為whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折，but改為and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”，不能再跟but連用，所以去掉but)
4. 冠詞錯誤：誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the，thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞，所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞，故have后加a)
5. 形容詞和副詞錯誤：系動詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾名詞;副詞修飾動詞、形容詞)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞，terribly改為terrible.)
6. 代詞錯誤：代詞的主格和賓格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯誤;代詞指代錯誤;多代詞或少代詞。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改為myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改為them)
7. 非謂語動詞的常見錯誤：不定式、動名詞作主語、賓語時;and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠時);介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語;某些動詞后要求接動名詞或不定式。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接動名詞，talk改為talking) But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語,應(yīng)改為going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動名詞形式作賓語，read改為reading) Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的不定式或動名詞前后不一致，故saw改為seeing)
8. 介詞錯誤：詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用 Thereare too many people among my family. (among改為in，in myfamily 為固定搭配) I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched thepillow. (去掉at, themoment 引導(dǎo)從句)
高考短文從語法角度審題
1.查看時態(tài)是否一致
My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team. (NMET’98)全文都是用的一般現(xiàn)在時，此句中的was顯然與上下文語境不符，應(yīng)改為am.
2.查看主謂是否一致
Anyone may borrow books， and it cost nothing to borrow them. (NMET’94) cost應(yīng)改為costs，因其主語是it(為形式主語)，且上下文均為一般現(xiàn)在時。
3.查指代是否一致
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (NMET’96)句中的主語the Smiths表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代詞his應(yīng)改為their.
4.查平行結(jié)構(gòu)是否平行一致
由and，or，but，either or，neither nor，not only，but also，as well as等并列連詞和詞組連接的結(jié)構(gòu)可稱為平行結(jié)構(gòu)。It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove顯然與and前面的to meet不平行，應(yīng)改為drive.
5.查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致
We study quite a few subject， such as Maths， Chinese.。。(NMET’97)quite a few只能修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故subject應(yīng)改為subjects.
6.查行文邏輯是否一致
Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.(NMET’93)根據(jù)行文邏輯，這里不應(yīng)該由since來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，而應(yīng)該是when / whenever或if來引導(dǎo)時間或條件狀語從句。
短文改錯解題四原則：改動以最少為原則; 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則; 實詞以改變詞形為原則以保持句子原意為原則。短文改錯解題步驟：通讀全文，掌握大意; 整句分析，逐行推敲。
改完后，要回過頭來重讀一遍全文，查看改過后是否能使語氣通順，時態(tài)一致，合乎邏輯。再次通讀可以在初改時感覺不順的地方集中精力，仔細推敲，使答案更加準確。
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