高考英語改錯(cuò)題技巧
改錯(cuò)題在英語復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)中是一個(gè)難點(diǎn),因?yàn)檫@當(dāng)中考查了同學(xué)們語法、短語慣用語等方面的綜合知識(shí)。但是要提高這一項(xiàng)的能力,并非不可能,所以學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理了高考英語改錯(cuò)題技巧,供大家參閱!
高考英語改錯(cuò)題技巧:高考英語短文改錯(cuò)答題技巧
短文改錯(cuò)解題思路和檢查原則:
1.句中各部分的結(jié)構(gòu)是否完整,特別是每個(gè)句子要有動(dòng)詞;
2. 謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài);
3.非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法;
4.名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù),格的使用是否正確;
5.定冠詞和不定冠詞是否正確;
6.代詞的格和性的使用是否有誤;
7.定語從句中關(guān)系代詞、副詞是否準(zhǔn)確無誤;
8.并列句中的并列連詞、主從復(fù)合句中的從屬連詞用的是否得當(dāng)。短文改錯(cuò)解題
原則:改動(dòng)以最少為原則; 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則; 實(shí)詞以改變詞形為原則以保持句子原意為原則。短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟:通讀全文,掌握大意; 整句分析,逐行推敲
反復(fù)通讀,復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。解題注意要點(diǎn)和能力培養(yǎng):
1.核對錯(cuò)項(xiàng)時(shí),若的確有一時(shí)難以改出的地方,可以參考所改動(dòng)項(xiàng)是否基本符合“1:1:8”的比例。即多一詞1個(gè),缺詞1個(gè),錯(cuò)詞8個(gè)。
2.核對改正的語法項(xiàng)目是否有重復(fù)。因?yàn)槎涛母腻e(cuò)往往覆蓋面廣,一般不會(huì)出現(xiàn)重復(fù)考查某個(gè)語法點(diǎn)的現(xiàn)象。
3.核對答題符號(hào)是否規(guī)范,位置是否準(zhǔn)確,看看有無遺漏符號(hào),忽略字母大小寫和拼寫等問題。
短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤類型:
1. 謂語動(dòng)詞的錯(cuò)誤是歷年考試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn),常見動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤類型有
?、僖话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)錯(cuò)用;
?、赼nd前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)不一致;
?、壑髦^不一致;
?、苋鄙賱?dòng)詞,特別是be動(dòng)詞;
?、莸谌朔Q單數(shù)形式錯(cuò)用;
被動(dòng)語態(tài)錯(cuò)用。 Theydid not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote allmy time to my studies.(did改為do,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于①) As weclimbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and toldstories. (visiting 改為visited, 錯(cuò)誤類型屬于②) Therewill an important game next month. (will后加be,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于④) Oneevening she told me that something happened when her parents wasout. ( was 改為were,錯(cuò)誤類型屬于③)
2. 名詞的常見錯(cuò)誤:單復(fù)數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞錯(cuò)用。I’ll get good marks in all mysubject.(subject改為subjects) Theirword were a great encouragement to me.(word改為words) Withoutenough knowledges, you can never teach well.(knowledges改為knowledge)
3. 連詞錯(cuò)誤 連詞包括關(guān)系代詞、副詞,并列連詞and/ or/but等。關(guān)于連詞,一般考查從句關(guān)系
who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/w
hen/where/if/whether等。 I havea good friend who’s name is Liu Mei. (錯(cuò)用了who的所有格形式,改為whose) I teachthem, play with them, but watch them growing up.(此處應(yīng)該是并列的關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折,but改為and) Cleveras she is, but she works very hard.(as意為“盡管”,不能再跟but連用,所以去掉but)
4. 冠詞錯(cuò)誤:誤用a和an(根據(jù)單詞的第一個(gè)音素來判定);誤用a/an和the(固定搭配,或泛指、特指;多冠詞或少冠詞) We maybe one family and live under a same roof. (a 改為the,thesame 是固定搭配) Aseveryone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds ofpants. (mountain是可數(shù)名詞需用冠詞,所以其前加a) I hopeyou have pleasant journey.(journey是可數(shù)名詞,故have后加a)
5. 形容詞和副詞錯(cuò)誤:系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性動(dòng)詞smell/feel);詞性的誤用(形容詞修飾
名詞;副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞)。I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully timetogether. (time是名詞所以要用形容詞wonderful修飾) Mypronunciation was terribly.(was后用形容詞,terribly改為terrible.)
6. 代詞錯(cuò)誤:代詞的主格和賓格(I / me;he/him; she/ her; we/ us they/ them )錯(cuò)誤;反身代詞(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)使用錯(cuò)誤;代詞指代錯(cuò)誤;多代詞或少代詞。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning toexpress me in simple English. (me 改為myself) One dayI wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.(to前加it) If anyone of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other wouldhelp him out. (other后加s) What’smore, you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care ofhim. (him改為them)
7. 非謂語動(dòng)詞的常見錯(cuò)誤:不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語時(shí);and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致(尤其距離較遠(yuǎn)時(shí));介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語;某些動(dòng)詞后要求接動(dòng)名詞或不定式。 Soon Ibegan to enjoy talk to myself on paper. (enjoy 后需接動(dòng)名詞,talk改為talking) But hisparents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主語,應(yīng)改為going) Children may not develop the habit of read and the abilityto enjoy themselves. (介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語,read改為reading) Iparticularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you andsaw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees. (and連接的不定式或動(dòng)名詞前后不一致,故saw改為seeing)
8. 介詞錯(cuò)誤:詞組中的介詞誤用;介詞意思理解偏差;介詞的多用或少用 Thereare too many people among my family. (among改為in,in myfamily 為固定搭配) I wasso tired that I fell asleep at the moment
my head touched thepillow. (去掉at, themoment 引導(dǎo)從句)
高考英語改錯(cuò)題技巧:短文改錯(cuò)解題技巧
1.做題要求
本題滿分10分,給出一篇約100個(gè)單詞的短文,文中有10處錯(cuò)誤,要求考生對每個(gè)句子進(jìn)行判斷,如有錯(cuò)誤將其改正。錯(cuò)誤類型包括詞法、句法、行文邏輯等方面的錯(cuò)誤。
每句中最多有兩處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪 除或修改。
增加 (1-2個(gè))
在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫上該加的詞。
刪除 (1-2個(gè))
把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。不計(jì)分。
修改 (6-8個(gè))
在錯(cuò)的詞下面劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫上修改后的詞。
注意:1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞。
2、只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
2.高考短文改錯(cuò)的考察方式
刪除 I can go to home now.
增加 I like playing piano.
修改 I am fond at English.
3.短文改錯(cuò)歌訣
動(dòng)詞形,名詞數(shù),還要注意形和副;非謂語,細(xì)辨別,習(xí)慣用法要記住;
句子成分多分析,邏輯錯(cuò)誤須關(guān)注;冠詞連詞常光顧
4.短文改錯(cuò)中常見的錯(cuò)誤類型
(一)名次數(shù)
名詞方面的錯(cuò)誤多指名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式的誤用,可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯(cuò)誤,名詞所有格中“’s”的誤置等。例如:
1. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.
2. I looked at his other hands.
(二)動(dòng)詞形
動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤在短文改錯(cuò)中所占比重最大,它所涉及的錯(cuò)誤包括動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤;易混動(dòng)詞的用法錯(cuò)誤;動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯(cuò)誤;動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式,以及動(dòng)詞的句型搭配錯(cuò)誤等。在改錯(cuò)題中,動(dòng)詞方面的考查比例較大。例如:
1. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill.
2. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport.
(三)形容詞、副詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
這類錯(cuò)誤多指誤用形容詞修飾形容詞,誤用副詞修飾名詞,誤用形容詞修飾動(dòng)詞,誤用形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等,特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級(jí)而未
用的“暗中比較”。例如:
1. It is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from ...
2. You always gave me specially attention .
3. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.
(四)連詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
短文改錯(cuò)中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確,是否符合句子意思;連接的是詞還是句子,是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。此外如果是平行結(jié)構(gòu)就要注意前后時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結(jié)構(gòu)常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not only„but also„, „not„but„, either„or„, neither „nor„, as well as等,though不與but連用,because不與so連用等。
1. I became very active but made new friends.
2. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again.
(五)代詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
這類錯(cuò)誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用,關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞的誤用,代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用,代詞單數(shù)與代詞復(fù)數(shù)的誤用,各個(gè)不定代詞之間的誤用,反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用,代詞的指代錯(cuò)誤,定語從句中多用代詞等。
1.I have a good friend who’s name is Liu Mei.
2.Some students may also save up for our college or future use .
(六)介詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
這類錯(cuò)誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語搭配的錯(cuò)誤等。例如:
1.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
2.We’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner.
3.I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
(七)冠詞方面的錯(cuò)誤
這類錯(cuò)誤多指a(n)與the的誤用,a與an的誤用。有時(shí)也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞,不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。例如:
1.We live under a same roof
2.I hope you’ve had pleasant journey
(八)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)方面的錯(cuò)誤
這類錯(cuò)誤主要為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)與過去時(shí)態(tài)、主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的誤用。做題時(shí),應(yīng)注意把握文中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律,注意把握諸個(gè)并列動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的呼應(yīng)規(guī)律。例如:
1.She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
2.I will write again and send you the photos we take together.
(九)主謂一致方面的錯(cuò)誤
這一類錯(cuò)誤主要指主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞形式的錯(cuò)誤。因此做題時(shí),要注意謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要和句子主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:
What may surprise you are that I’m going to ...
(十)短語、句型固定搭配錯(cuò)誤
主要考查介詞與動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配;副詞、動(dòng)詞的固定搭配;及物動(dòng)詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動(dòng)詞后少介詞,英語中的一些固定句型與習(xí)慣搭配等。
1. My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job.
4.解題步驟
1 )瀏覽全文,掌握大意
2 )分句閱讀,逐行找錯(cuò)
3 )由易到難, 各個(gè)擊破
4 )檢查核對,注意方法
5.短文改錯(cuò)小結(jié)
做短文改錯(cuò)應(yīng)采取六個(gè)步驟和四不改。
詳解:
六個(gè)步驟:
(1)通讀短文,整體把握短文大意。
(2)細(xì)讀全文,逐句分析,把握結(jié)構(gòu),逐一作答。
(3)粗略分析詞法、句法、邏輯上是否有問題。
(4)逐行修改,先易后難。
(5)復(fù)讀全文,驗(yàn)證答案。
(6)要注意答題是否合乎規(guī)范。
四不改:
①標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)不改。②大小寫不改。
③詞序錯(cuò)誤不改(不是不改,而是按錯(cuò)詞或少詞來改)。
?、茉诰V外生詞不改。文中出現(xiàn)帶漢語注釋的詞,在句中不可能用錯(cuò)
6.高考英語短文改錯(cuò)訓(xùn)練
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加: 在此處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫出修改的詞。
刪除: 把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改: 在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意: 1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從11處起)不計(jì)分。
I was a high school student then, from the low-income
family. So I have to support my family. My first one job
was to clean the tables in a small restaurant nearby.
I still remember going there early and felt anxious about
the new world. I worked harder because I was afraid of
losing the job. At night, I was sometimes very tired to do
my homework. But I came to understand that was not
easy to earn money, and that knowledges could change
my life. So what I learned from the job was much more
important as what I learned from school.
2014(新課標(biāo)II)
假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共
有10處錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。
增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(Λ),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意:
1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lesson in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.