英語語法原則語法一致原則
英語語法原則語法一致原則
語法一致原則是指句子的主語和謂語在語法形式上一致，即通常情況下，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定， 主語為單數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式， 主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，希望能幫助到您。
語法一致原則
1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動(dòng)詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：(1)若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.
4. either， neither， each， every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some， any， no， every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：(1)在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動(dòng)詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5. 在定語從句時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞that， who， which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people， police， cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7. 由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意：a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“……的數(shù)量”，主語是number，謂語用單數(shù)。
8. 在倒裝句中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
S V O C (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))歸納
此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。
賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，它們一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。
名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞
The war made him a soldier.戰(zhàn)爭使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.
名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞
New methods make the job easy.新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松.
名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語
I often find him at work.我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.
名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶.
名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞
I saw a cat running across the road.我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.
S │V(及物)│ O(賓語) │ C(賓補(bǔ))
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他們把門漆成綠色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么會(huì)這樣想?
6. We │saw │him │out. 我們送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早點(diǎn)回來。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看見他們上了那輛公共汽車。
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