人教版小學(xué)英語知識點總結(jié)
小學(xué)的英語知識注重的是基礎(chǔ),對于英語的從句和其他進(jìn)階要求不高,那么關(guān)于小學(xué)英語知識點有哪些呢?以下是小編準(zhǔn)備的一些人教版小學(xué)英語知識點,僅供參考。
小學(xué)英語知識點
一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives 5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
二、一般現(xiàn)在時
1.一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)?;蛄?xí)慣性的動作,也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。
2.一般現(xiàn)在時中,沒有be動詞和情態(tài)動詞,主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動詞要按規(guī)則加上s,主語是非第三人稱單數(shù)的肯定句,動詞用原形。
3.在一般現(xiàn)在時中,句中有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時,否定句在be動詞和情態(tài)動詞后加not,一般疑問句將be動詞或情態(tài)動詞放在句首。 4.在一般現(xiàn)在時中,句中沒有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時,主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的`否定句在動詞前加does+not (doesn’t),一般疑問句在句首加does,句子中原有動詞用原形;主語為非第三人稱單數(shù),否定句用do+not (don’t),一般疑問句在句首加do,句子中動詞用原形。
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
三、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.
3.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的否定句在be后加not。
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。
動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping
四、be going to
1.be going to 表示將要發(fā)生的事或打算、計劃、決定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +動詞原形,如:Jim is going to play football. 否定句:be not going to +動詞原形,如:Jim is not going to play football. 一般疑問句:把be動詞調(diào)到句首,如:Is Jim going to play football? 特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be+主語+going to+動詞原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 疑問詞當(dāng)主語時:疑問詞+be+going to+動詞原形?如:Who is going to play football?
小學(xué)必備的英語知識
一、否定句:
表示某一否定意思。句中一定有not。
有三種可能:be動詞(am、is、are、was、were)+not、情態(tài)動詞(can、must、should)+ not、助動詞(do、does、did) + not
如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句:
1、看句中有無be動詞,如有,直接在be動詞后+ not。
2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞,如有,直接在情態(tài)動詞后+ not。
3、如上述二者都沒有,就應(yīng)用助動詞+ not。分四個步驟:
(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(某人或某物)后,動詞前。
(2)確定助動詞用do、does還是did,根據(jù)句中動詞,動詞是原形的助動詞就用do,動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動詞就用does,動詞用過去式的助動詞就有did。
(3)在助動詞后加not。
(4)原句中動詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。
強(qiáng)調(diào)一點,有some的要考慮是否要用any。
二、一般疑問句。
表示疑問,一般回答只有兩種可能Yes,……或No,……句中沒有疑問詞。
如何將一個肯定的陳述句改為否定句:
1、看句中有無be動詞,如有,把be動詞提到句首即可。
2、看句中有無情態(tài)動詞,如有,把情態(tài)動詞提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都沒有,就應(yīng)把助動提到句首。分四個步驟:
(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動詞的,要加上去,位置在主語(某人或某物)后,動詞前。
(2)確定助動詞用do、does還是did,根據(jù)句中動詞,動詞是原形的助動詞就用do,動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動詞就用does,動詞用過去式的助動詞就有did。
(3)把助動詞后提到句首。
(4)原句中動詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。
強(qiáng)調(diào)一點,有some的要考慮是否要用any。
三、特殊疑問句。
表示疑問,有疑問詞(在開頭),回答有很多種可能。
常用疑問詞:
What、When、Which、Who、Whose、Why、How
如何對劃線部分提問:
1、將原問句翻譯為漢語(在讀中要將劃線部分重讀)。
如:His birthday is on the 5th of May .
他的生日在五月五日。
2、用漢語進(jìn)行提問。
如上句,應(yīng)該問:他的生日在什么時候?
3、根據(jù)漢語將所要提問的句子補(bǔ)充完整。
如上句When is his birthday ?
四、祈使句
表示請求或命令別人做某事或不要做某事。
肯定祈使句一定是以動詞原形開頭(有時有please),否定的祈使句一定是don’t加動詞原形開頭(有時有please)。
把祈使句改為否定句只需在動詞前加don’t即可。
小學(xué)英語必考知識
1.人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they
賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最后一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規(guī)則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
小學(xué)英語基礎(chǔ)知識
48個國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音—元音:
[i:] 嘴唇微微張開,舌尖抵下齒,嘴角向兩邊張開,露出微笑的表情,與字母E的發(fā)音相同。
[i] 嘴唇微微張開,舌尖抵下齒,舌前部抬高,嘴形扁平。
[:] 嘴形扁平,上下齒微開,舍身平放,舌中部稍稍抬高。
[] 嘴唇微微張開,舌身放平,舌中部微微抬起,口腔自然放松發(fā)聲。
[:] 雙唇收得小而圓,并向前突出,舌身往后縮。
[] 口腔打開,嘴張大,舌頭向后縮,雙唇稍收圓。
[u:] 嘴形小而圓,微微外突,舌頭盡量后縮。
[u] 嘴唇張開略向前突出,嘴形稍收圓并放松些,舌頭后縮。
[ɑ:] 口腔打開,嘴張大,舌身放平,舌尖不抵下齒,下巴放低,放松發(fā)音。
[] 嘴唇微微張開,伸向兩邊,舌尖輕觸下齒,舌后部稍稍抬起。
[] 嘴張大,嘴角盡量拉向兩邊,成扁平形,舌尖抵下齒。
[e] 嘴形扁平,舌尖抵下齒,舌前部稍抬起。
[ei] 由[e]和[i]兩個單音組成,[e]重讀,[i]輕讀,口形由半開到合,字母A就發(fā)這個音。
[ai] 由[a]和[i]兩個單音組成,[a]重讀,[i]輕讀,口形由開到合,與字母I的發(fā)音相同。
[i] 由[]和[i]兩個單音組成,[]重讀,[i]輕讀,口形由圓到扁,由開到合。
[au] 由[a]和[u]兩個單音組成,[a]重讀,[u]輕讀,口型由大到小。
[u] 由[]和[u]兩個單音組成,[]重讀,[u]輕讀,口形由半開到小,與字母O的發(fā)音相同。
[i] 由[i]和[]兩個單音組成,[i]重讀,[]輕讀,雙唇始終半開。
[e] 由[e]和[]兩個單音組成,[e]重讀,[]輕讀,舌端抵下齒,雙唇半開。
[u] 由[u]和[]兩個單音組成,[u]重讀,[]輕讀,雙唇由收圓到半開。
48個國際音標(biāo)的發(fā)音—輔音:
[p]雙唇緊閉,然后快速張開,讓氣流沖出口腔,發(fā)出爆破音,但聲帶不振動。
[b]雙唇緊閉,然后快速張開,讓氣流沖出口腔,發(fā)出爆破音,但聲帶需振動。
[t]舌尖抵上齒齦,憋住氣,然后突然彈開舌尖,讓氣流從口腔噴出,但聲帶不振動。
[d]舌尖抵上齒齦,憋住氣,然后彈開舌尖,讓氣流從口腔中噴出,但聲帶需振動。
[k]舌后部抵住軟腭,憋住氣,然后突然間離開,將氣送出來,想咳嗽一樣,但聲帶不震動。
[ɡ]舌后部抵住軟腭,憋住氣,然后突然間離開,將氣送出來,但聲帶需振動。
[s]雙唇微微張開,舌頭自然放松,氣流從上下齒隙間送出,但聲帶不振動。
[z]雙唇微微張開,舌頭自然放松,氣流從上下齒隙間送出,但聲帶需振動。
[]雙唇收圓并稍微突出,舌尖接近上齒齦,送氣,聲帶不振動。
[]雙唇收圓并稍微突出,舌頭稍微上卷,舌尖接近上齒齦,送氣,但聲帶需振動。
[t]雙唇略微張開突出,舌尖抵住上齒齦,用力吐氣,聲帶不振動。
[d]雙唇略微張開突出,舌尖抵住上齒齦,用力吐氣,但聲帶需振動。
[f]上齒輕輕接觸下唇,然后吹氣,讓氣流從唇齒間通過,形成摩擦,但聲帶不振動。
[v]上齒輕輕接觸下唇,然后吹氣,讓氣流從唇齒間通過,形成摩擦,但聲帶需振動。
[θ]舌尖微微伸出,上下齒輕輕咬住舌尖,送氣,但聲帶不振動。
[]上下齒輕輕咬住舌尖,送氣,但聲帶需振動。
[ts]舌尖先抵住上齒,堵住氣流,使氣流從舌尖和齒齦間送出,聲帶不振動。
[dz]舌尖先抵住上齒,堵住氣流,使氣流從舌尖和齒齦間送出。
[tr]雙唇收圓向前突出,舌尖上翹抵住上齒齦,采取伐[r]的姿勢,聲帶不振動。
[dr]雙唇收圓向前突出,舌尖上翹抵住上齒齦,采取伐[r]的姿勢,但聲帶振動。
[h]嘴唇自然張開,自然呵氣,聲帶不振動。
[r]舌尖向上卷起,舌頭不要接觸任何部位,雙唇稍微突出,聲帶振動。
[l]舌尖抵住上齒齦,舌尖輕微用力彎曲,氣流從舌的旁邊送出。
鼻音
[m]雙唇緊閉,舌頭平放,氣流從鼻腔送出,聲帶振動。
[n]雙唇微開,舌尖抵上齒齦,氣流從鼻孔里出來,聲帶振動。
[]雙唇張開,舌尖抵上齒齦,氣流從鼻腔送出,聲帶振動。
輔音
[w]雙唇縮小并向前突出,舌后部抬起,嘴慢慢向兩邊滑開。
[j]嘴形成微笑狀,舌尖抵住下齒,舌面貼住上顎,聲帶需振動。
小學(xué)英語綜合測試題
一、按要求寫單詞。(10分)
1. she _______ (賓格)
2. country_________ (復(fù)數(shù))
3. close ________ (現(xiàn)在分詞)
4. three__________ (序數(shù)詞)
5. China ________ (形容詞)
6. I_________(名詞性物主代詞)
7. boy _______(復(fù)數(shù))
8. swim_______ (現(xiàn)在分詞)
9. photo ______(復(fù)數(shù))
10. mouse________(復(fù)數(shù))
二、選擇填空。(10分)
( ) 1. Look! Lucy is ______ a new red dress.She is beautiful today.
A. with
B. puton
C. in
D. wear
( ) 2. -- __________?
-- My bike is broken.
A. What is it
B. What iswrong with you
C. Where is it
D. Whose isthis
( ) 3. There are so many people in the shop. You must ________ yourthings.
A. look at
B. lookafter
C. putaway
D. put on
( ) 4. I have two good pen friends. One is an American,______ is in England.
A. the other
B. anotherone
C.another
D. other
( ) 5. -- _______ are his football clothes?
-- Under the bed.
A. Where
B.Who
C.Whose
D. What
( ) 6. I can see ______ in Lucys room.
A. other thing
B. anyother thing
C. something
D. someother things
( ) 7. These are ______. You can buy a pair for your mother.
A. woman sock
B. womensock
C. womensocks
D. womansocks
( ) 8. -- Thank you very much!
-- ________.
A. Youre right
B. Allright
C. You arewelcome
D. OK.
( ) 9. -- She must be in red.
No, _____. She wears a green coat.
A. she is
B. she mustnot
C. I dontthink so.
D. I am not
( ) 10. The coat _____ the wall isnt Kates. Its ______.
A. on; his
B. to;mine
C. in;he
D. under; him
三、用所給詞的正確形式填空。(10分)
1. The boys like to listen to music when they do ______ (they) homework.
2. My mothers work is _____ (make) our city safe.
3. One day, Mr Green asked Mrs Green ______ (go)shopping for him.
4. We would brush our _______ (tooth) twice a day.
5. This book is the lightest and ______ (thin) of all the books.
6. She is ______ (good) than Alice at swimming.
7. Janet ______ (get) up at 7:30 a.m. every day, so she is always late for school.
8. I think the ______ (four) lesson is the most difficult in this book.
9. Look at the sign. The library is _____ (close) from 1:00 p.m to 2:00 p.m.
10. Jason is used to ______ (watch) TV the whole night.
四、按要求完成下列句子。(10分)
1. We are making a model plane. (變成一般疑問句)
2. The boys are sitting under the tree. (對劃線部分提問)
3. Look out of the window. (改為否定句)
4. We can see some birds over there. (對畫線部分提問)
5. The children have some apples. (改為單數(shù)句子)
五、閱讀理解, 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷正(T)誤(F)。(10分)
Its Sunday morning. The students of Class 3 aregiving their classroom a good cleaning.
Miss Huang, their teacher, is working with them. The children are busy. Some are carryingwater; some are cleaning the windows; others are sweeping the floor. Zhang Hua is putting up a map on thewall. It is a map of China. Wang Fei and Wei Qing are mending some brokenchairs. The children are listening to the radio while they are working. Theclassroom looks nice and bright after the cleaning. The children are veryhappy. They go home for lunch at noon.
( ) 1. The children are playing in theirclassroom on Sunday morning.
( ) 2. Miss Huang,their mother, is working with them.
( ) 3. There is a map of China on thewall.
( ) 4. Two of them are repairing thebroken chairs.
( ) 5. They are singing while they areworking.
六、書面表達(dá)。(10分)
以一種文具為題按要求寫一篇英語小作文。
要求:1.要寫出此文具的主要特點。
2.條理清楚,意思連貫,標(biāo)點正確,書寫規(guī)范。
3.不少于50個單詞。
小學(xué)英語試題【參考答案】
一、
1. her 2. countries 3. closing 4. third 5.Chinese
6. mine 7. boys 8. swimming 9. photos 10. mice
二、
C B B A A D C C C A
三、
1. their 2. making 3. togo 4. teeth 5. thinnest
6. better 7. gets 8. fourth 9. closed 10. watching
四、
1. Are you making a model plane?
2. Where are the boys sitting?
3. Dont look out of the window.
4. What can you see over there?
5. The child has an apple.
五、F F T T F
六、
參考范文:
My Pencil-box
I have a pencil-box. It is nice and big. It has manycolours. There are two blocks on my pencil-box. One is yellow, the other is orange. In my pencil-box,there are pens, pencils, aruler and an eraser. I like my pencil-box very much and my pencil-box lookslike my best friend.