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英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間: 芷瓊1026 分享

  英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的最終目的就是要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生與外界交流信息、表達(dá)思想的能力。語(yǔ)法是一個(gè)非常重要的工具,它可以幫助人們理解和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言。接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn),一起來(lái)看看吧。

  英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)

  概念:直接引語(yǔ):直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)。

  間接引語(yǔ):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句且不要加引號(hào)。

  例: Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”

  Mr.Black said that he was busy.

  陳述句的變化規(guī)則

  直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),用連詞that(可省略)引導(dǎo),從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。

  人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思

  例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.

  2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in yourroom.”

  → He told me that he had left his book in my room.

  時(shí)態(tài)的變化

直接引語(yǔ)

間接引語(yǔ)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

一般將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

過(guò)去完成時(shí)

  例:

  “I don’t want to set down a series of factsin a diary,” said Anne.

  →Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series offacts in a diary.

  The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”

  → The boy said that he was using a knife.

  ▲注意:如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變,如:

  He said, “Light travels much faster thansound.”

  He said that light travels much faster thansound.

  指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化

直接引語(yǔ)

間接引語(yǔ)

this

that

these

those

now

then

ago

before/earlier

today

that day

yesterday

the day before

tomorrow

the next/following day

the day after tomorrow

In two day’s time

come

go

here

there

the day before yesterday

two days before/earlier

  英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):定語(yǔ)從句

  概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。

  成分:先行詞,即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose);或者關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起著連接主從句的作用。

  1.關(guān)系代詞that的用法

  關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主語(yǔ),也能做賓語(yǔ)

  例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主語(yǔ))

  2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.(指物,作賓語(yǔ))

  3)Who is the man that is reading a book overthere? (指人,作主語(yǔ))

  4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’ssister,(指人,作賓語(yǔ))

  2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法

  關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中只能指物,但既可以做賓語(yǔ)也能作主語(yǔ)

  例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t needmuch water. (作主語(yǔ))

  2)The fish (which) we bought this morningwere not fresh. (作賓語(yǔ))

  3. 關(guān)系代詞who,whom的用法

  關(guān)系代詞who,whom只能指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)

  例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday isfrom USA.(作主語(yǔ))

  2)The person to whom you just talked to isMr. Li. (作賓語(yǔ))、

  4. 關(guān)系代詞whose在的用法

  關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中既可以做主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)。

  例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over theworld. (指人,作主語(yǔ))

  2) The roomwhose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主語(yǔ))

  3)He has written a book whose name I’veforgotten. (指物,作賓語(yǔ))

  5. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法

  關(guān)系副詞when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

  例:1)I’ll neverforget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.

  2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=onwhich) we first met three years ago?

  6.關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法

  關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)

  例:1)This is the place where( =at/ in which) wefirst met.

  2) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.

  7.關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法

  關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)

  例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t thereason why(= for which) I left.

  2). The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed thetrain.

  英語(yǔ)必修一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):變化規(guī)則

  (一)祈使句的變化規(guī)則

  如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面還要加上not。例:

  The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”

  → The hostess asked us to sit down.

  He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

  → He told the boys not to make so much noise.

  (二)疑問(wèn)句的變化規(guī)則

  如果直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序,句末用句號(hào)。

  一般疑問(wèn)句:如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí),要改為ask 或asked,原問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例:

  “Do you think a diary can become your friend?”the writer says.

  → The writer asks us if we think a diary can become ourfriend.

  2) 特殊疑問(wèn)句:如果間接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),仍用原來(lái)的引導(dǎo)詞,但疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍洹@?/p>

  “What do you want?” he asked me.

  → He asked me what I wanted


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