高中英語倒裝句的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
在英語語法中，如果把位于動(dòng)詞放在在于前面，就叫倒裝句。關(guān)于英語倒裝句的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)你還了解多少?下面由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家提供關(guān)于高中英語倒裝句的語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)，希望對(duì)大家有幫助!
倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、講解
1.倒裝句的定義：英語最基本的詞序是主語在謂語動(dòng)詞的前面。
如果把謂語動(dòng)詞放在主語前面，就叫做倒裝。
3. 倒裝的原因
a) 句子語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如：
Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎?
Long live peace! 和平萬歲!
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：
Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。
c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如：
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。
4. 倒裝句的基本用法
a) 構(gòu)成疑問句(除對(duì)主語或主語之定語提問的特殊疑問句外)：
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。
Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來了!
c) 副詞only+狀語放在句首時(shí):
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。
d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火車剛一進(jìn)站，我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒有去過農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。
2. so作“也”講時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語序，例如：
He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了，我也去了。
如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用，表示一種結(jié)果的意思，句子就要用正常語序。例如：
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影，他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “確實(shí)如此。”
3. 某些讓步狀語從句往往把表語提到主語前面或放在句首，以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it.不管這本書多有趣，他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一個(gè)固體有多硬，我們都可以改變其形狀。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。
4. 在虛擬語氣中，如果非真實(shí)條件句省略if，須將主句中的were, had和should等助動(dòng)詞和主語顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如：
Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些，他就會(huì)去學(xué)溜冰。
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods
如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話，他們就會(huì)在深林里迷路。
Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to
accept it. 假如他們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)任務(wù)是多么重要的話，他們就不致于拒絕接受這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)二、構(gòu)成
倒裝句的構(gòu)成分為全部倒轉(zhuǎn)和部分倒裝
a、全部倒裝
全部倒裝是只將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首,謂語動(dòng)詞常用be,come,go,lie,run。
Theregoesthebell.
2)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。
Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber.
注意上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
Herehecomes.
b、部分倒裝
部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語之前。
1)句首為否定或半否定的詞語，如no,not,never,seldom,little,hardly,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…等。
NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
當(dāng)Notuntil引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。
注意如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。
Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.
典型例題
1)WhycantIsmokehere?
Atnotime___inthemeeting-room
A.issmokingpermittedB.smokingispermitted
C.smokingisitpermittedD.doessmokingpermit
答案A.這是一個(gè)倒裝問題。當(dāng)否定詞語置于句首以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，其句中的主謂須用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。這些否定詞包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。本題的正常語序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.
2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.
A.mandidknowB.manknowC.didntmanknowD.didmanknow
答案D.看到Notuntil…的句型，我們知道為一倒裝句，答案在C，D中選一個(gè)。
改寫為正常語序?yàn)椋琈andidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.現(xiàn)在將not提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否則意思就變了。
以否定詞開頭作部分倒裝
如Notonly…butalso,Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than
Not only did here fuse thegi ft,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Hardly had she gone out when a student came tovisither.
倒裝句知識(shí)點(diǎn)三、試題
1. My brother had a cold last week, _________.
A. so had I B. so did I
C. I had so D. so I had
2. Not until _________ home __________ his parents had been ill for three days.
A. he got; he knew B. did he get; he knew
C. he got; did he know D. did he get; did he know
3. In hardly any situation ________ find her sad.
A. that you can B. that can you
C. you can D. can you
4. Be quick! _________.
A. The bus comes here B. Here comes the bus
C. The bus here comes D. Here is the bus coming
5. In ________ and the lesson began.
A. the teacher came B. the teacher coming
C. came the teacher D. did the teacher come
6. On the wall _________ two large portraits.
A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging