sapir生平簡介英文版
sapir生平簡介英文版
薩丕爾，美國人類學(xué)家，語言學(xué)家。擔(dān)任過美國語言學(xué)會會長和美國人類學(xué)會會長。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的sapir生平簡介英文版，供大家參閱!
sapir簡介
Sapir (Eda. 1884 ~ 1939) American anthropologist, linguist. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. January 26, 1884 was born in Germany Laoen Fort (now Poland Le Borg), February 4, 1939 died in New Haven. Sapir moved to the United States at the age of five. Since 1907 in the University of California, Pennsylvania University engaged in research and teaching. In 1909 by the Columbia University doctorate. From 1910 to 1925, he was the director of the Department of Anthropology at the Canadian National Museum in Ottawa. In 1925, he was an associate professor and professor of anthropology and linguistics at the University of Chicago. In 1931 to Yale University, Ren Gang established the Department of Anthropology. He served as president of the American Language Institute and president of the American Society of Humanities.
sapir人物成就
Major achievements
He developed the phoneme theory, according to the distribution pattern of speech analysis of speech, is the concept of phoneme, one of the earliest proposed, he changed in the form of the table can replace the phonemes are classified as a class. In the history of comparative linguistics, he has done a lot of research work to explore the relationship between the language. He suggests structural stress theory that language changes (phonemes, morphological changes) are due to the influence of the patterns inherent in the language itself. He studied the ancient Indo-European language according to the material of the Twilfire. He also believes that the Indo-European and Semitic languages may be the same source. Sapir believes that the expression of different languages will be the same objective world of different analysis and interpretation.
Academic Research
His linguistic anthropological studies include the following three aspects: the American Indian nation and its language, the general concept of mankind, the relationship between culture and personality. Author of "Linguistic" and "Sapir".
sapir代表作
"Linguistic theory" is the main masterpiece of Sapir. The book is divided into 11 chapters, mainly on the nature of the language, structure, evolution and its thinking, race, culture and art and other aspects of the relationship. The main contents of the book are as follows:
The view of the nature of language
Language is not instinctive but social custom. "Speech is a non-instinctive, acquired, 'cultural' function." Here is different from the general view is to highlight the "cultural" function. At the same time that "language is only a habit of sound symbols system." And later mentioned that language is a "tool for expressing meaning". So Sapir's language definition comprehensively sums up what the predecessors say is a kind of communication tool and language is a symbolic system of these two views, and put them organically together.
The relationship between language and mind
He speaks the language component as a "concept" symbol, that language mode determines the mode of thinking, and even implies that the language precedes thinking. He said: "Just as mathematical reasoning can not be done with a set of appropriate mathematical symbols, there is no language, thinking and daily use may not be more imagined.
Emphasize voice mode
The phonetic model has its psychological basis. He believes that behind the surface of the voice system, "there is a more limited, 'internal' or 'ideal' system", the surface system of voice can change, the internal model is unchanged.
Distinguish between four categories of grammatical concepts
Class Ⅲ is the concept of specific relations, is like "sex", "the class" is the concept of specific relationship, is the basic concept, the basic concept is independent of the word or the root, on behalf of things, actions or nature; Ⅱ class is derived concept, The class is a purely relational concept, which is a grammatical concept represented by grammatical means such as "lattice" which expresses syntactic relations as well as grammatical means such as word order and function words that express pure syntactic relations.
Unique language type insights
He does not think that the classification of the form does not work, because no language is simple, often can be divided into several morphological types; in the language type of advanced and home is more ridiculous, "every language is like a basic Planning or fixed genre.The language of this type or planning or structure 'nature', than we cite any single phenomenon is more fundamental. " He distinguishes the language from the language according to his expression of the four types of grammatical concepts in different languages.
Language, race and culture
He speaks of the evolution of language as a "flow", which has a general direction, that is, "slope"; language contact is one of the reasons for the evolution of language, but borrow must follow the flow.
As for language, race and culture, these three are not necessarily linked. "It is difficult to prove that 'temperament', the overall emotional inclination of a nation is basically a cultural trend and a determinant of the flow, although it will be revealed when the individual is grasping the composition of the culture."
"Language and our ideas are intertwinedly intertwined, in a sense they are the same thing. The basic thinking structure does not show important racial differences, so the infinite variation of language form, that is, thinking Of the infinite variation of the real process, does not point out that there are such important differences in the race, "I do not believe that culture and language really causal relationship.
Culture The name can be defined as what a society does and what it is. Language refers to how people think specifically.
Language theory
"Linguistics" quoted in the language of up to 60 or more, which shows the rich knowledge of Sapir language, especially in the book to provide the American Indian language is even more eye-opener. It has a wide influence on American linguistics.
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