托福閱讀考試中需要做筆記嗎

時(shí)間：2020-07-07 09:42:54 楚薇0由分享

托福閱讀考試中需不需要做筆記

一. 托福閱讀出題順序和文章順序一致

我們首先從托福閱讀的出題順序上來講講為何托福閱讀不需要做筆記。托福閱讀篇幅確實(shí)比較長(zhǎng)，平均字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到700-750字，想要讀完，并且記住文章內(nèi)容確實(shí)比較苦難。但是大家在做題中會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)托福閱讀的出題順序和文章的順序是一致的(主旨題除外)，前2-3道題都是針對(duì)第一段提問，然后接下來的問題是針對(duì)第二段提問……所以，從出題的順序上看，是沒有必要在做閱讀題的時(shí)候做筆記的，邊做題邊看閱讀文章完全可行。

二. 托福閱讀考試時(shí)間緊，沒有時(shí)間做筆記

接下來，我們來從托福閱讀考試時(shí)間上分析下為何不需要做閱讀筆記。托福閱讀每篇考試時(shí)間為20分鐘，具體分配到每一道題的時(shí)間也就一分鐘多一點(diǎn)，所以總的來看，托福閱讀的考試時(shí)間是非常緊張的，如果大家再在讀文章的時(shí)候記筆記，那么勢(shì)必會(huì)導(dǎo)致做題時(shí)間不足。

三. 記不住文章內(nèi)容是理解力的問題

其實(shí)，文章前后內(nèi)容連貫不起來，究其根本還是理解力有欠缺，通過記筆記是解決不了問題的。如果大家對(duì)文章的理解尚有欠缺，那么建議還是從根本上去做提升，首先過詞匯關(guān)，然后分析長(zhǎng)難句，如果語法不過關(guān)的話，也要去補(bǔ)習(xí)一下語法知識(shí)?；A(chǔ)打好以后，可以看一些托福閱讀的做題技巧，對(duì)于提升做題速度也是幫助的。最后，要回歸到閱讀練習(xí)上來，多刷題多做練習(xí)。做閱讀練習(xí)時(shí)不建議做題前通讀全文，直接從題目開始返回文中找答案即可。

所以，從上文中我們可以看到，托福閱讀筆記是沒有必要做的，閱讀考試時(shí)間非常緊張，根本沒有做閱讀筆記的時(shí)間，而且閱讀題的出題順序和文章一直，也沒有必要做筆記幫助理解。希望大家在托福閱讀練習(xí)的時(shí)候能掌握正確方法，避開誤區(qū)。

托福閱讀考試的細(xì)節(jié)題和插入題

一.詞匯

Cordgrass，marsh, deciduous, perennial, gulf, coast, Atlantic, dominant, flora，intertidal,component,estuarine,sediment,stabilizer,substrate,estuary,nursery溫床,a standof,elevation,brackish,deterioration,restoration,wetland,erosion腐蝕,channel,oyster,transplant,landscape,drastically,tidal,mudflat,interfere,waterfront,modify,inhospital,reclamation,fringe,meadow,extensive,fishery,germinate,silt,gracel,gland,cobble,sap樹葉,toxic，take up, convert, sulfur ,colonize殖民地 ,sulfide二氧化物，sulfate硫酸鹽，dioxide

二.具體題目解析

1. According to the paragraph , each of the following is true of Spartina alrerniflora

A. It rarely flowers in salt marshes.

B. It grows well in intertidal zones.

C. It is commonly referred to as cordgrass.

D. It occurs naturally along the Gulf Coast and the Atlantic coast of the United States.

這個(gè)題目是否定事實(shí)信息題，A中的flower是開花的意思，即這種植物在salt marshes中幾乎不開花。B它在潮間地區(qū)長(zhǎng)得很好。C它被稱作帶狀植物。D它是沿著美國(guó)的墨西哥灣和大西洋的沿岸所生長(zhǎng)的。

定位到原文Spartina alterniflora, known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast (是常年生的開花的植物)and the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the dominant native species of the lower salt marshes along these coasts(它是占主導(dǎo)性的一種植物), where it grows in the intertidal zone(在潮間地區(qū)生長(zhǎng)) (the area covered by water some parts of the day and exposed others).所以A選項(xiàng)是本題的正確選項(xiàng)，此植物是開花的。

2. The paragraph suggests that where Spartina occurs naturally, an established stand of it will eventually

A .create conditions in which it can no longer survive

B. get washed away by water flowing through the deep, channels that form around it

C. become adapted to brackish water

D. take over other grass species growing in the area

A自己創(chuàng)造環(huán)境，自己就不會(huì)生存B.會(huì)被沖走C.適應(yīng)比較咸的水，D代替其它的草類

3. . According to this paragraph, in its natural habitats, Spartina helps estuaries by

A. controlling marshland decline

B. decreasing the substrate elevation

C. reducing the brackishness of the water

D. increasing the flow of water into the estuary

A.能夠控制沼澤地的減少。B降低基帶的減少C減少水的鹽分D.增加在河口中水的流動(dòng)

以上兩題定位到原文中，These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries (河口處的植物)where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. (適合魚類和貝類生存的地方)Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment,(沉淀) changing the substrate elevation,(改變基質(zhì)的海拔) and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system (高濃度的沼澤系統(tǒng))where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. (被高海拔的耐鹽的物種所替代了)

As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast(東部沿海地區(qū)) Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration(阻止腐蝕和沼澤地的蛻化); it is also used for coastal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.(被用來開拓新的沼澤地)

因此第二題中的A是對(duì)的，B和C未提到，D不符合文章內(nèi)容;第三題中的A選項(xiàng)正確，B選項(xiàng)中和文章主要內(nèi)容相反，錯(cuò)誤，C和D文章中沒有提到。

4. According to this paragraph, Spartina negatively affects wildlife in estuaries by

A. trapping fish and waterfowl in sediment

B. preventing oysters from transplanting successfully

C. turning mudflats into high marshes and salt meadows

D. expanding the marshy fringes of salt meadows

A使得魚類和水鳥陷到沉淀當(dāng)中，B阻止了牡蠣成功的移植淺析，D擴(kuò)大鹽灘沼澤化的邊緣。

定位到原文中，Spartina was transported to Washington State in packing materials for oysters transplanted from the cast coast (牡蠣從東海岸移出)in 1894. Leaving its insect predators behind(缺少捕食性的昆蟲), the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along Washington's tidal estuaries (潮間河口)on the west coast, crowding out the native plants and drastically altering the landscape(改變了當(dāng)?shù)氐木坝^) by trapping sediment.

Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable(不適合生存) to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats. It is already hampering (慢慢的阻止了)the oyster harvest and the Dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches(干擾了漁業(yè)和海邊休息區(qū)) and waterfronts. Spartina has been transplanted to England and to New Zealand for land reclamation(土地的重新開墾利用) and shoreline stabilization.(穩(wěn)定海岸線)

In New Zealand the plant has spread rapidly, changing mudflats with marshy fringes to extensive salt meadows(鹽灘) and reducing the number and kinds of birds and animals that use the marsh.(減少了用沼澤地地區(qū)的動(dòng)物的數(shù)量)

所以第四題中的C選項(xiàng)正確

5. 插入句子題Spartina is particularly able to tolerate high salinities because salt glands on the surface of the leaves remove the salt from the plant sap.可以放到哪里

Spartina is an exceedingly competition plant. (很有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的植物)A It spreads primarily by underground stems(通過地下的根去繁殖); colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root (植根于)or when seeds float into a suitable area (種子適合生長(zhǎng)的地方)and germinate. B Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities (鹽分比較高的地方)ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent).C (與前后文聯(lián)系之后，此選項(xiàng)最合適)Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. D Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina‘s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.

托福閱讀邏輯關(guān)系詞背誦

Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具體事例為前一句提供說明與解釋)

People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明顯的因果關(guān)系)

Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是對(duì)前一句celestial bodies 的進(jìn)一步解釋)

Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鳥) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比)

閱讀時(shí)，我們可以根據(jù)段落中出現(xiàn)的一些信號(hào)詞(Signal Words)來判斷句子與句子之間的關(guān)系，掌握段落發(fā)展線索，來調(diào)整閱讀速度，提高閱讀質(zhì)量。

1.顯示相同信息的信號(hào)詞

There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.

“l(fā)ikewise”這一信號(hào)詞顯示了前面所提到的idea后面還要再一次出現(xiàn)。因此，閱讀時(shí)見到這樣的信號(hào)詞無須放慢閱讀速度。這樣的信號(hào)詞還包括：

and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example

2.顯示思路轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞

I’d like to go but I’m too busy.

“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向讀者顯示了作者的思路在這里有了轉(zhuǎn)折。閱讀時(shí)，碰到這樣的信號(hào)詞我們需放慢閱讀速度，以準(zhǔn)確獲取作者真正想要說明的意思。這類信號(hào)詞還有：

although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet

3.顯示因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞

As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.

All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.

所有航班被取消的原因是因?yàn)轱w行員們的罷工;飛行員們的罷工導(dǎo)致了所有的航班不得不被取消。顯示因果關(guān)系的信號(hào)詞還有：

for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently

4.顯示順序的信號(hào)詞：

Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second, the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.

抓住了這樣的信號(hào)詞就把握住了作者敘述的順序，也就分清了相對(duì)獨(dú)立的論據(jù)。這樣的信號(hào)詞包括：

first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally

5.表示結(jié)論/總結(jié)的信號(hào)詞

In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.

詞組“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息將在這里被歸納總結(jié)。讀到帶有這樣的信號(hào)詞或短語的句子時(shí)，應(yīng)格外留心注意，它們往往會(huì)向我們提示相關(guān)段落的核心信息。表示結(jié)論或總結(jié)的信號(hào)詞和短語還有：

as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word

托福閱讀怎么快速提分

1、主題——增加背景知識(shí)

有部分學(xué)生反映做閱讀時(shí)很難投入進(jìn)去，有一點(diǎn)原因就是對(duì)于文章所述內(nèi)容太過陌生，如果你對(duì)其略知一二，相信定會(huì)有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章講到化學(xué)元素周期表，對(duì)于高中生來說再熟悉不過了，閱讀的時(shí)候半讀半猜，估計(jì)也可以理解的八九不離十了。

若考試準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間充足，可以多加涉獵，擴(kuò)充自己的知識(shí)背景;若時(shí)間緊張，則需搞定TPO套題。根據(jù)文章記憶單詞，并不是文章中出現(xiàn)的每一個(gè)“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁瑣的專有名詞跳過即可。主要記憶的當(dāng)然是一些動(dòng)詞、名詞及形容詞，尤其是出現(xiàn)在句子主干中，與解題有關(guān)的詞匯。

除了詞匯，應(yīng)學(xué)會(huì)分析題干及題目，比如題干中出現(xiàn)了effect，conclusion之類的詞，其實(shí)已經(jīng)界定了我們尋找的范圍——段落靠后的部分，還有就是觀點(diǎn)性和總結(jié)性的句子永遠(yuǎn)會(huì)是考察的重點(diǎn)所在。做題的時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)分析原文和選項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行對(duì)比，比如句子簡(jiǎn)化題，做一題需要看五個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，似乎很花費(fèi)時(shí)間，但并不需要每個(gè)句子都要細(xì)看，而是先明確原句的邏輯及主干，抓住選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)與原句進(jìn)行比較。

例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。

原句是因果邏輯的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接著來看選項(xiàng)：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 顯然是因果倒置了，毫不猶豫地滅掉;C. 因?yàn)榇诉x項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)比較not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一個(gè)核心詞，而原文中是修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞spectacularly，并未進(jìn)行比較，二話不說也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 這原因里怎么多出來一項(xiàng)啊，擄袖子攆人吧!

2、題型——注重解題方法

托福閱讀10種題型，除最后的小結(jié)題外大都屬于考查文章細(xì)節(jié)的題目。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞定位是至關(guān)重要的一步，然后就是理解。此時(shí)如果詞匯量太小怎么辦?事實(shí)上做閱讀我們永遠(yuǎn)要牢記的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中體現(xiàn)了，

比如：The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。

這個(gè)句子較長(zhǎng)，其中有which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，還有hunted… 這個(gè)狀語，而解題時(shí)我們只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多數(shù)同學(xué)在做題時(shí)有個(gè)習(xí)慣就是看到一句話后就開始逐詞閱讀，甚至試圖把它翻譯成中文，這可謂“兵家大忌”。

遇到一句話先抓主干，遇到整段記得掃描段落有無顯眼的連詞，舉例信號(hào)詞等，瀏覽每段的主題句。

再說一下小結(jié)題，大多數(shù)考生的切膚之痛。一是做到最后一題時(shí)時(shí)間已所剩無幾，二是最后一題是對(duì)全文的主要內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，相對(duì)復(fù)雜。

在課堂中，我一再向?qū)W生強(qiáng)調(diào)把握全文結(jié)構(gòu)及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?

一是做題之前可大概瀏覽文章的標(biāo)題及每段首句。作為學(xué)術(shù)性的閱讀文章，首句基本都是主題句。尤其是總分結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，比如TPO6中的Infantile Amnesia, 雖然文章較難理解，但是文中明確提出了三種觀點(diǎn)first，second，third… 那么此類文章小結(jié)題的選項(xiàng)太顯而易見了。再者，文章的每段會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)出2-3道題，那么題目中對(duì)應(yīng)的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。從這兩點(diǎn)就可以很快了解文章的主要內(nèi)容。所以在進(jìn)行TPO練習(xí)時(shí)，做題雖不可或缺，但還要注意多加練習(xí)快速閱讀文章的能力。

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