托福寫作讓步段開(kāi)頭段綜合解析
托?？荚囀怯?a href='http://regraff.com/zixun/chuguo/' target='_blank'>出國(guó)留學(xué)夢(mèng)的同學(xué)們必須要邁過(guò)的一個(gè)門檻，而寫作是里面相對(duì)比較難的一項(xiàng)，很多同學(xué)的分?jǐn)?shù)都卡在這個(gè)單項(xiàng)上面了。其中特別是獨(dú)立寫作是很多同學(xué)感到比較難的一項(xiàng)。為了幫助大家，下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福寫作讓步段開(kāi)頭段綜合解析。
托福寫作讓步段怎么寫?3個(gè)步驟讓你寫好它
從近年來(lái)的托福寫作真題來(lái)看，一般都是趨向于一個(gè)單一且固定的模式，即Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: ___. 面對(duì)這樣的題目，即你可以有三種選擇，同意，不同意，不置可否。盡管ETS官方并未給出立場(chǎng)的限定，但是在真正考試的時(shí)候，選用前兩種是比較容易把握的。第三種不置可否的立場(chǎng)并非完全不能寫，但是其中的"度"的把握要求較高，容易被判為立場(chǎng)不明，因而不推薦考生選用。
在寫一邊倒的文章的時(shí)候，多數(shù)考生喜歡采用經(jīng)典的五段式寫法，即開(kāi)頭段、結(jié)尾段、中間三段三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)論證。這樣的寫法當(dāng)然無(wú)可厚非，然而多數(shù)學(xué)生會(huì)碰到兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，一是我只能想到兩個(gè)理由，第三個(gè)理由寫不出來(lái)怎么辦?二是我三個(gè)理由都寫完了，但是字?jǐn)?shù)不夠300字怎么辦?這樣的情況，就需要我們的救命稻草"讓步段"出場(chǎng)了。
讓步段，顧名思義，就是退了一步的段落。例如，2009年6月27日的題目，F(xiàn)or further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 選擇了同意的立場(chǎng)，寫完了三個(gè)同意的理由之后，可以再寫一點(diǎn)讓步段論述一下反方的觀點(diǎn)，即在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)好也很重要。寫讓步段的好處有很多，一是上文提及的最實(shí)際的用途---湊字?jǐn)?shù)，二是從行文邏輯看，寫一段讓步段也可以展現(xiàn)考生思維的嚴(yán)密性。只要時(shí)間允許，此種一舉多得的做法為何不嘗試呢?
但是，讓步段寫作也需要遵循一定的原則?？忌趯懽鲿r(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照三部曲進(jìn)行：1)寫出一個(gè)反方觀點(diǎn) 2)進(jìn)行一定程度的削弱 3)重申自己的觀點(diǎn)。
1) 寫出反方觀點(diǎn)
這一步大多數(shù)同學(xué)都做得不錯(cuò)，但是在提出反方觀點(diǎn)之前，可再加上一些連接詞，例如admittedly, nevertheless等等。還拿之前拿到題目做例子，F(xiàn)or further career success, is relate well to other people more important than studying hard at school? 總觀點(diǎn)是同意，讓步段寫學(xué)習(xí)好也挺重要的。第一步引出反方觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，應(yīng)寫：Admittedly, acquiring an excellent GPA is one significant proof of your ability, for "study" is one of the major tasks that students are supposed to fulfill in school.
2) 進(jìn)行一定程度的削弱
這是大多數(shù)同學(xué)會(huì)忽略的一步。很多同學(xué)在寫讓步段的時(shí)候，喜歡跳過(guò)第二步，直接重申自己的觀點(diǎn)，然而這樣的寫法會(huì)顯得邏輯上牽強(qiáng)，行文也顯得生硬。因此，在提出反方觀點(diǎn)時(shí)要進(jìn)行一定的削弱。例如在寫完上文那句話之后，應(yīng)加上：However, the outstanding scores only prove the intelligence of the student, while the EQ, largely reflected by how well you relate with others, plays an utmost significant role in the future career success.
3)重申自己的觀點(diǎn)
這一步非常重要，因?yàn)樽尣蕉蔚奶岢鰞H僅是小插曲，重要的還是自己的觀點(diǎn)。切不可寫了讓步段，就忘了自己的立場(chǎng)，那樣就是得不償失了。因此，在寫完上面兩句話之后，需要再加上一句，therefore, I still hold the opinion that relate well with others is more important than acquiring high scores in school.
在讓步段的寫作當(dāng)中，尤其需要注意兩點(diǎn)：1是第二步的削弱過(guò)程，這樣可使文章看起來(lái)不那么唐突，更為流暢。2是另外還需注意字?jǐn)?shù)的控制，讓步段切不可寫得超過(guò)之前的論述段的長(zhǎng)度，否則就有觀點(diǎn)不明確的嫌疑了。
托福寫作(獨(dú)立寫作)的開(kāi)頭段寫法
例題1：Do you agree or disagree with the statement: University students should be required to take care basic science classes even if they are not part of the field of the study.
那么就這樣的例題，我們就可以以這樣的開(kāi)頭段為例：
Eg. University curriculum determines what kind of education students receive and what kind of educational philosophy the university maintains.(背景句，引入今天的題目的大背景) Some educators advocate incorporating basic science into compulsory courses no matter what fields students major in(改寫題目). Personally, I do not think it is a smart move(最后一句表明自己的觀點(diǎn)).
例題2：Some people advocate students going to school for 9 months a year in a row and take a rest for 3 months. While another point of view favors three months of school with one month for rest. Which do you prefer(2015.10.10)
When it comes to school arrangements, opinions vary from person to person.(常用的，也是學(xué)生們非常喜歡用的背景句) Some educators believe learning for 9 consecutive months can promote performance while others argue that students need a break every other 3 months(改寫題目). If I were to decide, this problem should be answered case by case(表明自己的觀點(diǎn)).
2. 工作類話題開(kāi)頭段的寫法：
例題一：A low paying but secure job is better than a job with higher salary but less security.
開(kāi)頭段可以這樣來(lái)寫：Some job seekers contend that stability counts the most when entering the workforce while others give priority to material gain that comes with the job(這種開(kāi)頭段的寫法是把背景和話題糅合到一個(gè)句子里面了，其實(shí)這也是很好的寫法，因?yàn)椴⒉皇敲總€(gè)開(kāi)頭段都需要一定去寫背景句，而直接把背景和話題以巧妙的方式融合在一起也是沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題的). I, however, think this issue should be analyzed case by case(表明自己的觀點(diǎn)).
例題二：Future career success relies more on relating to other people more than studying hard at school.
The definition of success varies from person to person.(背景句開(kāi)始鋪陳) Some may attribute a successful life to diligence while others argue socializing abilities should be given more emphasis.(改寫題目)As for me , success depends on communicative skills, teamwork spirit and social circle, which are easily available in a person who relate well to others. (自己觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)的清晰表明)
3. 性格品質(zhì)類話題開(kāi)頭段的寫法：
例題一：You need to be different to succeed rather then acting like people around you.
Success can be perceived and achieved in many different ways.(背景句) Some people believe being different holds the key while others attribute success to finding common grounds. (改寫題目)I would like to go the former view because successful depends on knowledge, experience and social circle.(表明自己的觀點(diǎn))
托福綜合寫作的幾種開(kāi)頭方法
托福綜合寫作開(kāi)頭方法一、比較新穎、有創(chuàng)意的開(kāi)頭
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.
As a saying goes， “God helps those help themselves”， which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned， I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.
托福綜合寫作開(kāi)頭方法二、 可以適當(dāng)?shù)膹?fù)述一下題目，然后稍作讓步，再表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)和立場(chǎng)
“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests， their leisure activities， even their appearance way from the work place.”
The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests， recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personal lives of some people are largely determined by their work， in my view it would be a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation， the extent to which occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work， and how central the work is to one’s sense of self.
“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings， as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits， I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes， moods， and even life styles.
托福綜合寫作開(kāi)頭方法三、新托福寫作可以以提問(wèn)方式開(kāi)頭，闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，再表明自己的立場(chǎng)
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.”
As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete， who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjustWhile individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work， both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.
托福綜合寫作開(kāi)頭方法四、可以先表明自己的立場(chǎng)，再闡述原因
Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies， but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.
Contrary to the statement’s premise， my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies， because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.
托福獨(dú)立寫作范文：電視的功能是教育而不是娛樂(lè)
托福寫作預(yù)測(cè)題目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The purpose of television is to educate not to entertain.(電視的功能是娛樂(lè)還是教育?)
托福寫作參考范文：
Television can be seen in restaurants, clubs, and living rooms, with programs ranging from informative documentaries to interesting movies. Some people believe that its purpose is to be educative while others hold an opposite view, claiming that television should be used for entertainment instead. While there is some element of truth in both arguments, I believe that there is no significant need to purposely assign the function of television to either education or entertainment.
On the one hand, television can provide pure entertainment. Some funny and horror movies have nothing to do with education. They are designed to provide viewers with laughter or horror. For example, in the movie Final Destination, I learned nothing useful, but I love watching this kind of programs, because I like being frightened, which I may never experience in my actual life. Comedy shows are necessary too. After a whole day’s work, what most people need is true relaxation.
On the other hand, television can also offer instructional classes. Its functions nowadays are various and practical. One of the pragmatic and instrumental functions is to store programs that you want to watch again. This makes television a desirable learning tool. For students living in rural areas where access to the Internet and quality education is next to impossible, the educational programs offered by television are good and indispensable choices. By watching these programs, students from less developed areas and disadvantaged families have the opportunity of being decently educated.
Besides the abovementioned programs, there are also programs that are both informative and interesting. For example, some documentaries and television series inform us about lessons regarding history, love, and friendship. Watching this kind of programs is rewarding, exciting, and thought-provoking.
From the above discussion, I can draw the conclusion that television can be both informative and entertaining depending on the content being shown. There is usually no need to make a clear distinction. Different programs serve different purposes, all of which are imperative and indispensable in our lives. (333)
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