托福獨(dú)立寫作比較模板經(jīng)典高分
托福寫作考試中分為獨(dú)立寫作和綜合寫作2個(gè)部分。對(duì)于托福獨(dú)立寫作對(duì)比的作文題型,怎么寫好?下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的托福獨(dú)立寫作比較模板,希望對(duì)你有用!
托福獨(dú)立寫作比較模板
Some people believe that A while others consider B more appropriate. Give advantages and disadvantages of the two positions and explain which position you support.
(1)
Some people believe that________________. Other people hold the opinion that_________. While both methods may have their advantages and disadvantages, they can be applied under different circumstances. Afterwards, I will explain my opinions about it.
For A, ___________________. But this also demonstrates that______________. Moreover, _______________________. B, on the other hand, _______________. For example, ________________.
In my opinion, the advantages of B are more than those of A because B fits me better in two ways: First, _________________. Second, ______________________.
(2)
A and B are two totally different ideas that have caused a heated debate for a long period. Anyway, I agree with the idea of A. However, it is unfair to say which is better than the other if we do not see both sides of the story in the following paragraphs.
Some people believe B because______________. These people point out the fact that______________. They also argue that_______________________.
However, other people stand on a very different ground, they believe that____________. They firmly point out that______________________. An example can give the details of this argument: ___________________. In addition, ____________________________.
In a word, A is too temptating not to be chosen. A, as shown above, has________.
托福獨(dú)立寫作如何獲得高分
一、開頭段開門見山,不要求長(zhǎng)求標(biāo)新立異,仔細(xì)研究一下托福獨(dú)立寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就知道,原因段well-developed是獨(dú)立寫作的最終奧義。至于開頭段?簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下話題背景,引出個(gè)人確切立場(chǎng)就好了哦,為了更加凸顯中間段的論證,開頭段不宜過長(zhǎng),占用時(shí)間不說,而且過分花心思在開頭段,把該說的都說完了,主題原因段的展開就會(huì)嚴(yán)重受到影響。一般建議三步走:介紹背景+引出話題+表達(dá)個(gè)人立場(chǎng)即可。
二、保證行文的規(guī)范性,盡量不縮寫,段與段間空一行作為獨(dú)立寫作,好歹也是要求寫正規(guī)的essay呢,怎么著也得尊重一下吧~建議為了保持正式文體的寫作風(fēng)格,盡量不要縮寫,比如won’t寫成will not,can’t寫成cannot。另外,段與段之間記得空一行,不要全部粘連在一起。如果你的作文不能從內(nèi)容上征服考官,那么至少也應(yīng)該在篇章結(jié)構(gòu)上給人舒服的感覺,讓人一目了然,互利互惠~
三、主體段將細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行到底 如果說前兩點(diǎn)還只是啰嗦的嘮叨,這一點(diǎn)非常非常非常重要!獨(dú)立寫作滿分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)里明確要求:an essay is well organized and well-developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰/充分展開,使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕忉屨f明,例證和/或細(xì)節(jié)。很多同學(xué)對(duì)于舉例有錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)知:舉例嘛,就for example, I have an uncle. 不要一舉例就搬出你的七大姑八大姨,他們也很累啊,讓他們歇歇吧~這里需要注意的是,個(gè)人的例子不是說在獨(dú)立寫作中完全不合適不能寫,如果你的personal的例子確實(shí)有很強(qiáng)的說服力,可以考慮以客觀的方式/挑選最focus的細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行論述,切忌又臭又長(zhǎng),與主旨無(wú)關(guān),這樣字?jǐn)?shù)再多都只能起到反作用而已。
那到底細(xì)節(jié)可以怎么加?大家在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候可以配合不同的論證手法,試試這里總結(jié)的兩種比較好用的給細(xì)節(jié)的小技巧:上下意衍生法,盡量添加具體的name和number。一般來說任意舉出一個(gè)名詞都可以找到它的上意詞或下意詞。比如,日常實(shí)用的廚房用品電飯煲electronic cooker,它的上意詞是家用電器electronic devices,在描述關(guān)于科技類話題現(xiàn)代科技技術(shù)改變生活,電器設(shè)備進(jìn)入千家萬(wàn)戶,帶來更多便利的論點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,就可以試著往里面添加name,也就是電器設(shè)備的下意詞,比如冰箱refrigerator,電視機(jī)television,空調(diào)air conditioner等。添加細(xì)節(jié)之后就可以寫成:The development of modern technology does bring much convenience toour daily life. For example, a number of electronic devices, such as microwaveoven, refrigerator and television, have been widely used in families.使用好上下意小技巧,先在解釋說明室使用上意詞圈定范圍,再給出下意詞充分細(xì)節(jié)支持,會(huì)使層次更清晰,論證更有邏輯。大家不妨試試看?! &H法,大家在寫例子的時(shí)候,可以問問自己跟你想論證的點(diǎn)相關(guān)的4個(gè)W和1個(gè)H(when, where, who, what, how),將事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、過程等各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)充分展現(xiàn)在考官面前。
例如考生論證存錢應(yīng)急比花錢消費(fèi)更重要,并敘述了他的朋友在車禍前后的故事:
For example, I have a friend named Victor. He isnot rich but keeps a good habit of depositing a certain amount of money intothe bank account each month. He sometimes complained to me because savingdisabled him to spend money buying something he desired. But last month, whilehe rode to school in the rush hour, he was involved in a horrible accident andinjured severely. So a large amount of money was immediately required for anoperation. Most of the family’s deposit was put into use and fortunately, he gotthrough this nightmare. Now he feels so blessed and grateful that he keeps thishabit of saving and this incident strikes him tremendously to realize howsignificant the deposits are to ordinary people.這段論述平鋪直敘,尤其貴在細(xì)節(jié)充足。時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事情的前因后果一目了然。通過如此詳盡的敘述,強(qiáng)有力地論證了存錢是未雨綢繆。
托福獨(dú)立作文七大寫作原則
1. 審題,抓關(guān)鍵詞,關(guān)鍵詞多為名詞和形容詞,最重要的是一些限定詞。全文都要圍繞題目展開論述,緊緊扣題。
考生粗心看錯(cuò)題也是常有的事兒,比如“Only movies that can teach us something about real life are worth watching.”這道題,有人就會(huì)誤解為“只有電影能夠教會(huì)我們關(guān)于真實(shí)生活的東西”,而本題有兩個(gè)限定部分,一個(gè)是only,一個(gè)是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。再如“Solving environmental problems is the best way for the government to improve public health.”這道題,有人寫著寫著就忘記了主角“government”,論述的時(shí)候應(yīng)該要從政府的角度出發(fā),政府能都怎么做來改善公民的健康?也不能把public health理解為“小眾的的健康”(比如“patients’”),不能寫“政府可以資助醫(yī)院,讓醫(yī)院更新醫(yī)療設(shè)備,提高病人的治愈率”。medical facilities的話只針對(duì)病人。那怎么寫“醫(yī)療”這個(gè)角度呢?其實(shí)在后面補(bǔ)充一句“減少疾病的傳播,不會(huì)傳染給健康的人”,范圍就擴(kuò)大為“the public”了,而不再僅僅是“patients”。
“審題一定要審清楚,題目限定對(duì)象、限定范圍時(shí),一定要在這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)去討論;沒有限定時(shí),就沒必要自己曲解題意,自己限定在一個(gè)小范圍內(nèi)論述,沒有給定范圍時(shí),什么情況都可以討論,言之成理即可。審題花3到5分鐘,把全文思路想清楚再動(dòng)手寫,比你邊寫邊想要好很多。”
2. 文章結(jié)構(gòu)最好為四段式,字?jǐn)?shù)400字以上。
很多人會(huì)覺得寫五段比較好,兩正(支持觀點(diǎn))一反(反對(duì)觀點(diǎn))或者兩正加一讓步段,而且讓步段都是讓步觀點(diǎn)點(diǎn)到為止(說出了好/不好的一面,但是即刻又馬上回到自己的主立場(chǎng)),不多做解釋,這樣其實(shí)不太好把握,讓步段對(duì)考生的邏輯思維要求較高,稍不注意會(huì)被考官誤認(rèn)為立場(chǎng)不堅(jiān)定。凡是有觀點(diǎn),最好都要給出具體的解釋,不展開解釋人家就會(huì)疑惑“為什么?”。如果三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)都展開論述的話,大多數(shù)學(xué)生就會(huì)覺得時(shí)間不夠用。所以,主體段落最好就寫兩個(gè)理由段,段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系闡述清楚就可以。
3. 理由段落結(jié)尾 進(jìn)行段落點(diǎn)睛。
中間主體段落的論述,最好是“觀點(diǎn)句+理論解釋+例子+總結(jié)句”,總結(jié)句其實(shí)跟觀點(diǎn)句一個(gè)意思,“舉的例子說明了XXX道理”,這個(gè)道理其實(shí)就是topic sentence啦。那么寫總結(jié)句的時(shí)候就要對(duì)觀點(diǎn)句進(jìn)行改寫了,用不同的詞匯和句型表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思,這就體現(xiàn)你的語(yǔ)言功底了。
4. 理由段論證一定要體現(xiàn)嚴(yán)密的邏輯,思維不能跳躍。
比如“Improving schools is the most important factor in successful development of a country. ”這道題,為什么改善學(xué)校會(huì)對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展有幫助?純粹的美化能起到作用嗎?到底怎樣改善學(xué)校才能對(duì)國(guó)家的發(fā)展起到積極作用?所以第一步就先要解釋“how to improve schools”;然后才是第二步improving school的好處是,可以培養(yǎng)更多的優(yōu)秀人才。學(xué)生可以有很好的條件學(xué)習(xí),有助于他們學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)(學(xué)到什么樣的知識(shí),鍛煉出什么樣的能力),對(duì)于國(guó)家的發(fā)展有很大幫助。括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容也是不能缺失的,否則就會(huì)有思維GAP。A(改善學(xué)校)→B(培養(yǎng)人才)→C(國(guó)家成功發(fā)展),每一步都不能缺失。缺了A,how to improve沒有解釋清楚的話,B可能就不會(huì)發(fā)生;缺了B,沒有說明改善學(xué)校可以培養(yǎng)出什么樣的人才,C也不會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)。所以論述一定要詳細(xì)充分。
5. 切忌大量模板,尤其在論證過程中出現(xiàn)大量繁瑣的沒有實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容的模板句。
獨(dú)立寫作不要背別人總結(jié)的模板句,想想評(píng)卷老師看到一模一樣的開頭會(huì)有何感想?第一印象肯定不好,還會(huì)覺得“這學(xué)生不大會(huì)寫文章啊,都是抄別人的”。
6. 學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)散思維,不要就事論事。
不要僅僅圍繞給的點(diǎn)去論述,比如我們前面提到的improving school那道題,不要僅僅圍繞著“改善學(xué)校”這個(gè)因素來論述,“改善學(xué)校好啊,好在這方面,好在那方面”,這樣論述就偏題了,僅僅證明了它是一個(gè)很重要的因素(說明education的重要性),并沒有說明它是最重要的。要完整充分地證明自己的觀點(diǎn),必定要提到其他因素,比如說政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等。
7. 短期與長(zhǎng)期
短期(目標(biāo)分24分以下),靠思路/邏輯思維提分;長(zhǎng)期(基礎(chǔ)好,目標(biāo)24分以上的)要修煉高級(jí)詞匯&長(zhǎng)難句。
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