雅思大作文怎么論證說明
在雅思大作文考試中，經(jīng)常會給出一個固定的觀點，要求大家描述對這個觀點的看法，并通過一些實際的例子或者論證論據(jù)去補充說明，讓我們所表達的觀點更加充分。那么雅思大作文怎么論證說明呢?接下來小編為大家分析一下，希望能幫助大家有效地備考雅思寫作。
雅思大作文怎么論證說明
邏輯關(guān)系：
題型--->結(jié)構(gòu)--->觀點--->句型--->詞匯
這是什么意思呢?我覺得如果把原來的按照范疇來劃分的8大類topics作為起點的話，我很容易被導(dǎo)向去背觀點背單詞，卻真正忘了雅思寫作的本質(zhì)(這是我自己總結(jié)的，可能不對，將就一下吧)：運用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z言去表達個人的思維邏輯。語言只是輔助工具，思維邏輯才是主線和搶分點。
何謂題型?其實雅思寫作task2題型一般有三大類：report，argumentation和report + argumentation‖ 的結(jié)合體。
Report只有三個要素：
1.Cause
2.Influence
3.Solution
也就是說，要么就是問你這個現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因，要么就是這個現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生了什么樣的影響(積極或消極的)，要么就是叫你提出解決方案。
通常report類的文體，不會同時出現(xiàn)以上三個要素，只會有一到兩個的配搭，即：cause+influence，cause+solution，influence+solution，或只問influence(如下面我寫的一篇7分文章，問effects on individuals and societies)。
所以呢，在這種題型底下，它的結(jié)構(gòu)就非常的單一：開頭段+ 原因分析段(一般分析3個原因)+ 影響分析段(一個列舉3個影響)+ 解決辦法段(這些解決辦法一定要對應(yīng)于之前分析的原因或者影響)+結(jié)尾段。這個結(jié)構(gòu)是應(yīng)該視情況而定(as the case may be)。
Argumentation：一般有三種問法：
1.discuss both views and give your own opinion
2.to what extent do you agree or disagree
3.do you think the advantage outweigh the disadvantage
按照我自己的看法的話，其實argumentation就是兩種，那就是1 和 2/3(因為2和3可以看成同一類)。
這兩種有區(qū)別嗎?當(dāng)然有了。你看，問題都不一樣(看上去像是廢話)。其實這不是一句廢話，因為discuss both views and give your own opinion，是要你先分析雙方有什么合理之處，然后再給你自己的個人觀點。很明顯這是需要均衡結(jié)構(gòu)。什么意思?意思是，假如你支持觀點1用了三個論點，然后到你支持觀點2的時候也得同樣用三個論點(想不到的話，憋你也得憋出來!!!)，最后在結(jié)尾清晰表達你自己的最后看法。對于這種題型，開頭段也是表明觀點，例如some people argue.../ while others claim that..../ I personally believe that...
所以呢，這個文體的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是：開頭段(回應(yīng)題目+表達自己的觀點)+ 支持觀點1(n個論點)+ 支持觀點2(n個論點)+ 結(jié)尾段(表明自己的觀點)。請注意，這個題型是不能用一面倒的，是不能啊!
至于agree/disagree or advantage/disadvantage 題型，根據(jù)考官的推介，最理想的結(jié)構(gòu)是：開頭段+讓步段+ 支持段(論點1)+ 支持段(論點2)+ 結(jié)尾段(表明你自己的觀點)。萬一想不出讓步段，或者時間太緊了來不及讓步，可以嗎?考官說了，允許便秘，憋不出來也是可以的!!!!也就是說，在這種情況下，可以使用一面倒，而且不影響你拿7分(假如你的目標(biāo)分?jǐn)?shù)是8分，就當(dāng)我瞎說吧)。
雅思寫作怎樣展開論證
記住三個英文單詞―explain,―extend or―example
你或我總會那么一個時候，想到了一個觀點但是不知道怎么論證，或者不知從哪一個點開始論證。其實很簡單，要么你就說為什么這個觀點會產(chǎn)生，要么你就說這一觀點所產(chǎn)生的影響(積極或消極)，要么就舉例子說明觀點的存在性。無非就是這么三種思考方向。假如一篇文章你有4個觀點，只要上述三項各用一兩次，文章看起來更加有可信度，句型就自然而然變得有多樣性的。
說了那么多，究竟跟復(fù)習(xí)有神馬聯(lián)系呢?這個聯(lián)系就大咯!題型決定了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，而結(jié)構(gòu)呢又決定了觀點的鋪排，觀點又反映出個人的思維邏輯關(guān)系(中立的，積極的，否定的，因果的，讓步的，建議的。這種邏輯關(guān)系就決定了你用什么樣的句型了，有了句型這個骨架，單詞就變得水到渠成，錦上添花了。
在這里，我想說說的記單詞方法。其實不特別，很多人都在用。雅思寫作嘛，本身就沒有明確的單詞表，為什么我們卻偏偏要給自己這么大的負(fù)擔(dān)和壓力去背單詞呢。在背單詞時候，一定要結(jié)合topics，結(jié)合觀點，有一條的脈絡(luò)。
舉個例子，在寫what are the influences if the gap between the poor and the rich is widening時，我會選擇這么一種方式記單詞:
貧富懸殊擴大The widening disparity between the rich and the poor
影響influence
兩極化 polarize community
激化社會矛盾intensify the social conflict
社會對立 social incompatibility
心理問題 induce psychological problem
仇富心理 result in hatred for the wealthy
自卑心理suffer from inferior mentality
行為過激 aggressive behaviour
游行protest
罷工strike
強烈抗議outcry
暴亂riot
反政府反社會 anti-government/ anti-society
發(fā)泄不滿 give vent to their anger and dissatisfaction
增加犯罪drive up the crime rate
社會不公平 social inequality
更可能獲得公共資源have more access to public resources
比其他人更容易獲得社會特權(quán)acquire special privilege over the poor
進一步分化社會，加劇社會仇恨Further polarize the society and fuel social hatred
產(chǎn)生惡性循環(huán) thereby creating a vicious circle
這么記單詞的話，思路就會更加清晰，而且避免了為了使用某個大詞而妥協(xié)了某個觀點的做法。重要的是，單詞不再是一個孤立的點，而是一條有機的線。這就是我的記單詞方式。其實說準(zhǔn)確一點，應(yīng)該說，這就是我編寫自己單詞庫的方法。
我覺得每個人都應(yīng)該他們自己的單詞庫。不加思考地背別人的單詞庫的結(jié)果是自己被輻射了，成為了別人單詞庫的一部分。退一萬步說，我覺得我們也應(yīng)該有這種能力，一種能繞開某個詞也能清晰表達自己觀點的能力。
說到這，你應(yīng)該開始變得有信心了，甚至豁然開朗。因為這時候，你的復(fù)習(xí)計劃變得異常的具體和量化了。
復(fù)習(xí)計劃：本人覺得雅思考試之前需要寫大概15到20篇雅思寫作task2。只有足夠的練習(xí)才能更好地形成你的寫作習(xí)慣和寫出自己的風(fēng)格(也就是個性化的模版)。本人考試前是每天寫兩天篇，如果不自信或者焦慮不安或者更年期癥狀發(fā)作的時候，一天寫4篇。而且時間盡可能壓縮在30~35分鐘完成。允許自己每次寫完都有時間重新閱讀和查漏補缺。其實啊，重點不在寫，而是要看看自己理順了思路沒有，熟悉了文體沒有，闡明了你所想的邏輯沒有，用上了應(yīng)該用上的句型沒有...假如有一天(其實也就是兩周之后的某一天)，你突然發(fā)現(xiàn)，你已經(jīng)十有八九了，那你就成功了~~這是一種未出發(fā)先興奮，未考試先激動的感覺，這是一種成功的預(yù)兆。
雅思大作文高分需在語言細(xì)節(jié)上多下功夫
怎樣寫好雅思大作文,拿到高分?需要在語言的細(xì)節(jié)上多注意。
語法和句式方面
雅思大作文通常采用一般現(xiàn)在時即可,但在陳述具體例證時要根據(jù)不同的情況變換時態(tài)。一篇長達250詞的文章中應(yīng)該有7—8個或更多的復(fù)合句,即同位語從句;定語從句;表語從句;原因狀語從句等;最好還要有幾個倒裝句;在一個并不強調(diào)由誰來做的動作時建議使用被動語態(tài)句。
避免中式思維
雅思作文的評卷人與考生來自完全不同的文化背景,許多考生認(rèn)為正常的習(xí)慣表達法也許是評卷人根本無法理解的,所以要盡量避免中文式的思維方式,學(xué)習(xí)并帶入英文的思維方式。中文是一種比較抽象的語言,習(xí)慣于歸納和概括,而英文則是一種比較具體的語言,習(xí)慣于演繹和推理,所以在寫英文時需要注意句子與句子之間環(huán)環(huán)相扣的邏輯關(guān)系,切不可沿用中文的跳躍式思維。除此之外,雅思寫作中盡量不要過多涉及“中國特色”的內(nèi)容,舉例子時提到中國的人或者事時,最好能夠加以解釋,否則那些對中國文化一知半解的“老外”是很難感同身受地了解考生們所要傳達的思想。
采用正時文體和語言
雅思寫作是正式文體的寫作,因此在用詞和格式上需要遵從英文正式文體的要求,比如不可以用縮寫,盡量不要使用過于口語化的詞語等。
雅思寫作范文：鼓勵老員工退休
Companies should encourage old employees (55 years old) to retire, in order to give opportunities to the new generation. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Nowadays, plenty of employees who are more than 55 years old must retire because of company policy; therefore, many people think that the development of a company cannot be separated from the number of young employees. The above point is certainly true; this essay will outline three reasons.
The main reason is that plenty of young employees mean that the company is infused with lots of young blood. With the development of technology, more and more new technological products have been developed. The new generation masters advanced technology and have the energy to exploit. They have learned lots of knowledge in the university; therefore it is definitely useful for the development of companies.
Another reason is that old employees cannot adapt themselves to the rapid pace. Old employees find it difficult to learn new things rapidly. With their limited physical strength, they are not capable of heavy manual work. So old employees are not a patch on young employees, it means not only intellect but also physical strength.
Last but not the least reason is that old employees have already worked for more than half of their lifetime, so they should retire to enjoy life. The old employees have already paid out too much in order to look after their families and careers. So they should pursue their hobbies.
In conclusion, old employees shouldn’t continue working for themselves. Moreover, advancement of society needs a new generation.
雅思寫作范文：國際旅游促進文化了解
Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
International tourism is booming: millions of tourists go to other countries to explore the outside world. Tourism enhances the mutual understanding between the local people and tourists. Some people hold opposite opinions. They think that international tourism causes tension rather than promoting understanding between people from different cultures.
The people holding the latter view suppose that tourists are likely to offend the local people because of the lack of knowledge of the local customs, which differ from their own. Moreover, tourism inevitably harms the natural resources and the cultural legacy, which may lead to the resentment of the local people.
However, I can hardly assent to this idea: the above mentioned rarely happens. In my opinion, international tourism does encourage the understanding between people from different countries. For one thing, without going to see for themselves, people may never know what other countries are really like and thus can be misled by hearsay or films and TV programmes, which, more often than not, are one-sided. For instance, one of my American friends told me that most Americans had a strange bias against the Russian people until some young Americans traveled to Russia and saw with their own eyes that the Russians are human beings just like them. Another example is that, with the development of Chinese tourism, people outside China start to realize that Chinese men no longer have long braids and Chinese women’s feet are of normal size now. Secondly, having seen the fine scenery or experienced the rich culture of other countries, tourists will have the desire to develop a good relationship with the locals, which certainly contributes to the understanding between them.
In conclusion, instead of causing tension, international tourism furthers the understanding of people from different countries. (281 words)
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