雅思議論文寫作方法-解釋說(shuō)明法
在雅思寫作大作文考試中，經(jīng)常會(huì)以議論文的形式來(lái)考查大家，那么雅思寫作議論文該如何寫呢?接下來(lái)小編給大家介紹一種方法，那就是解釋說(shuō)明法，什么是解釋說(shuō)明法?又該怎么用呢?來(lái)看小編為大家?guī)?lái)的介紹內(nèi)容吧。
雅思議論文寫作方法-解釋說(shuō)明法
雅思議論文解釋說(shuō)明法
解釋說(shuō)明法，是其中一條有力的擴(kuò)展補(bǔ)充方式，它可以將之前某一個(gè)不夠清晰的想法加以闡述，說(shuō)明及解釋，讓考官心中有數(shù)的同時(shí)，也讓文章字?jǐn)?shù)更加充實(shí)。
提醒考生們?cè)谑褂脮r(shí)要注意兩條要素：
(一)一味改寫之前的句子。這類考生已經(jīng)為字?jǐn)?shù)愁白了頭，儼然有點(diǎn)“不擇手段”的意思。以為解釋就是重寫，只是改動(dòng)幾個(gè)單詞。換位思考，若你看到某篇文章總是出現(xiàn)極其相似的句式，更糟糕的是意思還完全一樣，會(huì)不會(huì)有種被糊弄的感覺(jué)?
(二)一再的句意重復(fù)。這類現(xiàn)象尤為普遍。許多考官對(duì)中國(guó)考生的文章甚為頭疼?？此茖懥嗽S多，但細(xì)看來(lái)卻永遠(yuǎn)在說(shuō)同一句話。往往一句簡(jiǎn)單的意思翻來(lái)覆去偏要講3遍，卻始終得不到新鮮的信息來(lái)有力支持。這樣的文章寫來(lái)何意?要記?。嚎脊俨皇?歲孩子，不是任何東西都需要解釋的。
因此，解釋說(shuō)明法只適用于一些個(gè)人覺(jué)得意思不是特別明確的句子之后，用更加簡(jiǎn)明的方式去補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主題句的意思或原因，并且要從整個(gè)句式上發(fā)生大幅度改變，目的是將某句闡述的更加清楚。此法只作為補(bǔ)充的方式，不可在同一篇文章中使用過(guò)多。
用于解釋的引導(dǎo)方式主要有：
In other words, / That is to say,
..... , which means that....
讓我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例子：
【寫作真題】Some people say that online learning is the most effective and convenient way to learn. Others say that online learning will never be as effective as learning at a real school in person. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
【名師獻(xiàn)計(jì)】While there are a couple of drawbacks with online learning ,there are many more advantages. One of the most significant issues is the pace of learning. Students can learn without distractions at their own pace. This means that students can really focus on the courses and, as a result, achieve better results.
雅思寫作高分必會(huì)的三種論證法
舉例要選有說(shuō)服力的
舉例是很多考生愿意在考場(chǎng)上使用并且常用的方法，但是很多考生喜歡以自己或者自己的朋友、國(guó)家為例，這樣的例子是片面的，沒(méi)有典型性與普遍性。所以，可以把自己的家庭擴(kuò)大到一類家庭，把自己的國(guó)家擴(kuò)大到一類國(guó)家，這樣才具備足夠的說(shuō)服力。舉例子，在記敘文中使用也很廣泛，一篇記敘文幾乎就是在講一個(gè)故事或經(jīng)歷。但是，議論文的例子萬(wàn)萬(wàn)不可這么長(zhǎng)篇大論的寫，一個(gè)論點(diǎn)的例子應(yīng)控制在一句話左右。
因果論證最體現(xiàn)邏輯性
因果論證是最能體現(xiàn)學(xué)生邏輯思維能力的一種寫作手法，而且也是中國(guó)考生平時(shí)接觸最多、運(yùn)用最多的一種。因此，如果學(xué)生能夠準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用，會(huì)幫文章加分不少。
學(xué)生在運(yùn)用因果論證分析原因時(shí)，應(yīng)內(nèi)外因結(jié)合，例如青少年犯罪率的問(wèn)題，學(xué)生可以涉及到外因(例如網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力的影響等);除此之外，也需涉及到內(nèi)因(例如青少年本身不成熟，很容易被誤導(dǎo)等)。
讓步論證法較新穎
讓步論證法是中國(guó)考生較為陌生的一個(gè)概念。其實(shí)，在中學(xué)的時(shí)候?qū)W習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句，我們就學(xué)過(guò)讓步的關(guān)系，先退一步承認(rèn)一個(gè)與自己觀點(diǎn)相反的事實(shí)，再轉(zhuǎn)折給出自己的觀點(diǎn)，否定前者。使用讓步的論證法時(shí)，應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)單明了，與自己相反觀點(diǎn)只需選取一個(gè)就可以了。
雅思寫作素材：knowledge vs. training
Some people think that university should not provide theoretical knowledge, but to give practical training beneficial to the society. Do you agree or disagree? Use your own experience and knowledge to support your idea.
1.Theoretical knowledge IS beneficial to the society.
a) Theory study is providing powerful tools for us to deal with the world around us as well as the body within ourselves
Physiological/medical theories enable us to understand the way our body works so that we know how to combat diseases more effectively.
Economics theory helps explain such phenomena as inflation and unemployment.
Scientists, through theoretical study in gravity and by pure calculations of the orbits of planets Uranus and Neptune, predicted the existence of the ninth planet Pluto, which was later verified by observation.
b) Theoretical findings pave ways for more advanced scientific as well as social studies.
Take mathematics for example. Many people are under the impressions that advanced mathematical study in university is so theoretical that it does not have any practical value. However, the truth is that, ours is an age in which all areas of science are permeated more and more by methods and approaches derived from theoretical knowledge in mathematics. Even marketing, once believed to be just an art of persuading people to buy, is now becoming a scientific subject based on statistical studies of market data, which requires profound mathematical knowledge.
2. Practical trainings are based on theoretical knowledge. / Practical trainings and theoretical studies are interrelated.
a) Some professions require that people have solid understanding in theoretical knowledge before going into practice in those professions.
For example, to be a qualified doctor, someone will have to first learn theoretical knowledge at a medical school for a few years in various related subjects including medical science, humanities and social sciences. Then at the final years at the school, he or she will be given chance to practice as an intern in a hospital to gain practical experience. Only with a combined knowledge both in theory and in practical skills can a person truly become a successful doctor. The same goes with a number of other professions such as lawyers, psychiatrists etc.
3. We have specialized schools such as polytechnic schools and vocational schools etc. which can provide practical trainings, for example schools specialized in teaching cooking skills. Therefore universities should focus more on theoretical knowledge.
雅思議論文寫作素材：computers VS. teachers
Computers are widely used in education，and some people think teachers do not play any important roles in the classroom. To what extent do you agree?
Computers can be a good aide to teachers in the classroom but they can never take the place of teachers.
1. An important role of teachers is to encourage students to learn. However, computers are not capable of this spiritual encouragement.
A teacher will notice that a student is not interested in a certain subject and does not listen carefully in class. The teacher will talk with this student after class and find out the reasons why this student is not interested. Then the teacher can tell the student the importance of this subject and motivate the student to learn harder.
2. Teachers have different approaches to teaching different students and will adjust the content or style of teaching according to the needs of different students. However computers only have fixed programs.
A teacher can even design a tailor-made study plan for a particular student according to his or her needs. But computers view every student as the same individual.
3. Apart from academic teaching, teachers are also concerned about the psychological growth of students and often teach students about moral integrity. In contrast, computers are just machines and do not have feelings or emotions.
Teachers will teach students about such virtues as love, honesty, moral integrity and friendship etc.
4. Computers are machines after all and machines break down sometimes. If students depend too much on computers for studying, they will feel at a loss when these machines go wrong and don not work properly
5. Learning and teaching is a highly interactive process. Different students will have different questions during different stages of teaching and learning. And the teachers will have to answer them accordingly and in different ways. But computer programs are pre-designed by programmers without knowing all the varying circumstances during real teaching and learning and therefore cannot give satisfactory answers to all these questions.
Teachers can use computers as a very good aide in the classroom for presenting multimedia files. Teachers and computers can co-exist in the classroom peacefully. Teachers and computers can be a perfect match in the classroom. For example, in a listening lab equipped with computers, students will be able to record the listening materials in a CD-Rom and then take home to listen more.
雅思議論文寫作素材：culture and language
What are the reasons for losing a variety of languages and culture?
Culture is the learned and shared behavior of a community of interacting human beings. And languages are the cornerstones of a culture, defining who we are as a people. Just as the world is becoming less biologically rich, it is also becoming less culturally and linguistically diverse. There are a variety of reasons for the loss of cultures and languages.
1.Loss of Culture
a)Technology
Technology has now created the possibility of a global culture. With the invention of telephone, fax machines and the internet, communications are no longer limited by time and space. Quick transportations such as airplanes have swept away the old national boundaries and shortened the physical distance among people.
b)Impact of global media and entertainment.
Global media and entertainment companies shape understandings, values and dreams of ordinary citizens wherever they live. Local cultures are falling victim to a global culture. Few students in China like or even understand Beijing Opera; instead, they prefer Hollywood films and international stars.
The United States dominates the traffic in information and ideas. American music, American movies, American television, and American software are so dominant, so sought after, and so visible that they are now available literally everywhere on the Earth. This American culture is influencing the tastes, lives, and aspirations - in other words, culture - of virtually every nation.
c)Globalization - Economic cooperation and foreign trade
Foreign investment and international trade are taking place around the globe. This economic globalization has lead to a global culture. For example, a global fast food and drink culture has been spread all over the world by companies like McDonald's and Coca-Cola. In the meantime, local food and drink cultures are becoming less distinct and some weak ones will be gradually lost.
d)Immigration
Immigration has led to a more homogeneous society. Immigrants give up their own cultures in adaptation for the host country’s culture.
e)Physical damage done to communities either by natural disasters, disease or war.
War in Iraq destroyed not only its regime but also a culture that has developed for thousands of years. American ideology will be transplanted there.
2.Loss of Language
The world now loses a language every two weeks, a rate unprecedented in history.
The intricate combination of politics, genocide, geography and economics conspire in the demise of language.
Linguists estimate that in 100 years fewer than half of the world’s 6000 languages will still be in use. Will this mean a more peaceful, communicative worlds or an aird linguistic desert, subject to the tyranny of the monoglot yoke?
a)English is eradicating weaker languages
English language is becoming a dominant language in the world. If someone speaks English, he or she will have no difficulty communicating with people in almost every corner of the world. As a result, few people choose other small languages to study as a second language.
b)Loss of small ethnic groups.
Some small ethnic groups live a closed life without communication with the outside world. When the number of people within these ethnic groups diminishes, so do the languages they speak.
c)Political opposition to minority languages.
Some governments do not give official recognition to minority languages or aboriginal languages and do not encourage people to speak these languages. So these languages get less spoken and will ultimately become extinct.
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