雅思寫作為什么總跑題原因及對(duì)策都在這了

時(shí)間：2020-07-10 10:06:20 楚薇0由分享

在雅思寫作考試中，很多考生因?yàn)榕茴}，拿到一個(gè)低分。要知道圍繞中心來(lái)進(jìn)行答題是基本的要求，作文跑題了，文筆再好也很難拿到高分。那么雅思寫作為什么總跑題呢?接下來(lái)小編為大家分析一原因及對(duì)策，一起來(lái)了解一下。

雅思寫作為什么總跑題原因及對(duì)策都在這了

雅思寫作偏題原因：生詞

生詞，是考生審題出現(xiàn)偏差最普遍的問(wèn)題。一方面，雅思考生越來(lái)越低齡化：很多考生年齡小，大多數(shù)詞匯量非常少，有的考生能夠認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞甚至還不到1000個(gè)。另一方面，雅思的大作文考題尤其是學(xué)術(shù)類的，話題偏重于社會(huì)話題，語(yǔ)言偏書面化，因此有很多考生，其中不乏許多大學(xué)生，都會(huì)有此感慨：題目有單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)啊。

▲對(duì)策

①積累話題核心詞

1.何謂“題干核心詞”

雅思議論文題目雖多，但是會(huì)有一些出現(xiàn)頻率比較高的實(shí)意詞即為：“題干核心詞”。

2.學(xué)習(xí)“題干核心詞”的方法

對(duì)于“題干核心詞”的學(xué)習(xí)，建議考生從“寫作機(jī)經(jīng)”入手，找出題干中出現(xiàn)的實(shí)意詞并作積累。

●請(qǐng)看以下雅思真題：

1. International travel often leads people to have someprejudicesrather than broad-mind. What are the main reasons of this phenomenon? What do you think people can do to get better understanding of the countries they visit?

2. International travelsometimes makes people more prejudicedrather thanboard-minded. Give out reasons why it cannot bring benefits to those visitors. Do you have ways to improve people's understanding of the countries they visit?

上述兩道雅思真題雖然提問(wèn)方式有所不同，但是題干中核心詞是相同的，而且尤其是“prejudice”一詞是理解難度比較大的。因此，如果考生認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)機(jī)經(jīng)積累題干中的實(shí)意詞，那么，遇到生詞的幾率就將大大降低。

②借助連接詞

1.何謂“連接詞”

連接詞主要是表明“詞與詞”或“句與句”或“段與段”之間關(guān)系的詞。在題干中出現(xiàn)比較多的，能夠幫助考生猜測(cè)詞義的是：表示比較、轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、并列的連接詞。

2.學(xué)習(xí)“連接詞”的方法

建議考生可以按照連接詞所表示的不同邏輯分別記憶。

題目中出現(xiàn)頻率較多的連接詞有：

表示比較：in contrast， by comparison， similarly， while

表示轉(zhuǎn)折：however， on the other hand， nevertheless

表示讓步：although， despite， in spite of

表示并列：and

●請(qǐng)看以下雅思真題：

Many people believe that today there is a general increase inanti-social behaviorand lack of respect for others. What might have caused this situation? How to improve it?

在這道雅思題目中，anti-social behavior是一個(gè)具有相當(dāng)難度的詞。在考生詞匯面與量都不令人滿意的情況下，這個(gè)詞是很難理解的。當(dāng)然，如果有的考生背過(guò)前綴的話，他也能理解這個(gè)詞。但是，事實(shí)是很少有考生會(huì)背前綴，因?yàn)樗菰锪?。那么，我們借助并列連接詞“and”能否猜出這個(gè)生詞的意思呢?答案是肯定的?！發(fā)ack of respect for others”表示對(duì)他人不尊重，是不利于社會(huì)和諧的行為。那么，和它并列的“antisocial behavior”呢?當(dāng)然也是對(duì)社會(huì)不利的行為了，也就是“反社會(huì)行為”。

如何更好地利用模版來(lái)寫雅思作文

寫作屬于產(chǎn)出性技能(productive skills)，是大多數(shù)考生比較薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。對(duì)于大多數(shù)考生而言，對(duì)書面英語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用要真正達(dá)到飛灑自如，隨心所欲的境界，尚有相當(dāng)差距。由于語(yǔ)言能力的限制，往往是有感沒(méi)法發(fā)出來(lái)——思想到位而語(yǔ)言不到位。有鑒于此，不少寫作老師對(duì)模版和套句的作用極為推崇，認(rèn)為能短時(shí)間內(nèi)令考生的表達(dá)“烏雞變鳳凰”。

我們不可否認(rèn)模版和套句在順利通過(guò)雅思寫作考試所起的作用，但是部分雅思備考書籍和網(wǎng)站提供的所謂“高分寫作模版”能否令考生短期內(nèi)迅速考取高分呢?答案是否定的。由于使用同一個(gè)模版，考生必然寫出千人一面的文章，令本已疲憊不堪的考官倍感厭倦，(考官可能因?yàn)槟骋桓叻帜０妗皭盒摹焙脦滋炷?不少考生因此失分慘重，背上“雷同”、“剽竊”的黑鍋，甚至得零分。

那我們?cè)撛鯓诱_利用模版呢?考生不應(yīng)一字不漏照搬出版的寫作書這樣容易給考官判為雷同，此外由于模版可能與自身水平不相匹配，往往給人“乞丐帶鉆石項(xiàng)鏈”的感覺(jué)。比較可取的方法是參考優(yōu)秀模版的謀篇布局，注意收集相關(guān)的其承轉(zhuǎn)合的佳句，然后根據(jù)自身的水平，組裝成“個(gè)性化”的模版，從而避免被判為雷同。

詳細(xì)剖析雅思寫作范文：動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)

寫作題目

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is cruel, but other people think that it is necessary for the development of science.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

考題解釋

有些人認(rèn)為把動(dòng)物用于試驗(yàn)?zāi)康暮軞埲?，但是另一些人卻認(rèn)為這對(duì)科學(xué)的發(fā)展是必要的。請(qǐng)討論這兩種觀點(diǎn)并給出自己的觀點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞

experimentation 實(shí)驗(yàn);試驗(yàn)

cruel 殘忍的

考題分析

本題討論的話題是是否可以拿動(dòng)物作試驗(yàn)?？碱}中有兩種觀點(diǎn)，分別是支持和反對(duì)。因?yàn)樘釂?wèn)中有明確的“discuss both views”的指令，因此兩種觀點(diǎn)都必須討論到。最后的觀點(diǎn)可以采取折衷的方案，即動(dòng)物是否可以用來(lái)試驗(yàn)應(yīng)該取決于試驗(yàn)的性質(zhì)或者動(dòng)物的種類等。

類似考題

Some people think that the animals should be treated as pets; others think that animals are sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?

Aquariums and wildlife sanctuaries are seen as sources of education and entertainment for families. They are also essential to conduct life-saving research. However there is opposition to confining animals in this way. Discuss some of the arguments for and against the maintenance of zoos.

原創(chuàng)范文

A chimpanzee is perhaps the animal most closely related to humans; but instead of treating the animal with love and respect, we subject it to cruel and inhumane scientific and medical experiments to further human development. What a cruel fate for the unfortunate chimpanzee. Or perhaps, in life as in the jungle it is survival of the fittest, and so, as the most intelligent animal we are just exercising our right to dominate and use other animals as we wish.

For many people the issue of using animals for science is black and white; either very pro-animal rights, or very much in favour of using animals since we are the highest level creature. On the one hand, some people say that subjecting animals to pain and torture is truly barbaric; higher-level animals share with us feelings, thoughts and behaviors and so we should look after them and respect them. They may also feel that if we are so unsure about the effects of a drug for example then we should do further chemical testing before doing live and sometimes cruel animal testing.

Others, however, believe that we must use animals for the benefit of our own species (humans); to test drugs, cosmetics and new developments in science which will provide a safer and better lifestyle for us. Very few people are inherently cruel, but they still believe it is either them or us; it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person.

Being cruel for the sake of being cruel and with no tangible results to show for it is definitely stepping over a boundary of acceptable behavior, but at other times if the benefits of the research are explicit, tangible and valuable then I feel that the research is justified.

～296 Words～

謀篇布局

第一段

引言段，背景介紹并給出觀點(diǎn)

第一段里作者先介紹了考題的背景。用黑猩猩(chimpanzee)和“適者生存”(survival of the fittest)的事例來(lái)證明人類正在為了自身目的讓動(dòng)物遭受痛苦。

第二段

主體段1，反對(duì)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的理由

本段首先承認(rèn)在是否可以把動(dòng)物用于科學(xué)試驗(yàn)這個(gè)問(wèn)題上存在明顯分歧，既有人支持也有人反對(duì)。隨后重點(diǎn)討論了反對(duì)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的理由：

理由一： barbaric

動(dòng)物和人類一樣有情感、思想和行為(feelings, thoughts and behaviors)，我們應(yīng)該照顧它們尊重它們(look after them and respect them)。讓動(dòng)物遭受痛苦和折磨是野蠻的行為(truly barbaric)。

理由二： chemical testing

如果對(duì)藥物的療效不是很確定(unsure about the effects of a drug)，應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行化學(xué)試驗(yàn)(do further chemical testing)，避免用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行殘忍的活體實(shí)驗(yàn)。

第三段

主體段2，支持動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)的理由

在第三段中作者討論了另外一種觀點(diǎn)，即應(yīng)該支持動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)。理由也有兩條：

理由一： safer and better lifestyle

動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)可以幫助人類測(cè)試藥物、化妝品等(test drugs, cosmetics)給人類帶來(lái)更安全和舒適的生活(safer and better lifestyle)。

理由二： better than testing on human

有些人覺(jué)得既然一定要用活體試驗(yàn)，那么用猴子做試驗(yàn)總要比用人試驗(yàn)要好(it is better to test the drugs on a monkey rather than on a person.)。

第四段

總結(jié)，并給出作者觀點(diǎn)

最后一段作者提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為如果是為了殘忍而殘忍而且沒(méi)有任何效果，則絕對(duì)是超出了可接受行為的范圍(stepping over a boundary of acceptable behavior)。但如果研究所帶來(lái)的利益是明顯、實(shí)際并且有價(jià)值的(explicit, tangible and valuable)，則這些試驗(yàn)是合理的(the research is justified.)。

重點(diǎn)詞匯

subject … to…

使……屈從于……;使……遭受……

The inquiry found that the court had subjected them to unfair treatment.

inhumane

adj.殘忍的;不人道的

Conditions for prisoners were described as inhumane.

survival of the fittest

適者生存

“Survival of the fittest” is the result of natural selection.

in favour of

支持;贊成