情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法(2)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法

　　1) shall 用于第一人稱，征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)。

　　What shall we do this evening?

　　2) shall 用于第二、三人稱，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。

　　1. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)

　　2. He shall have the book when I finish it.(允諾)

　　3. He shall be punished.(威脅)

　　六、 will, would

　　1) 表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would更委婉。

　　Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?

　　2) 表示意志、愿望和決心。

　　1. I will never do that again.

　　2. They asked him if he would go abroad.

　　3) would表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，且沒(méi)有“現(xiàn)已無(wú)此習(xí)慣”的含義。

　　1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.

　　2. The wound would not heal.

　　4) 表示估計(jì)和猜想。

　　It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.

　　七、 should, ought to

　　1) should, ought to表示“應(yīng)該”，ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語(yǔ)氣重。

　　1. I should help her because she is in trouble.

　　2. You ought to take care of the baby.

　　2) 表示勸告、建議和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑問(wèn)句中常用should。

　　1. You should / ought to go to class right away.

　　2. Should I open the window?

　　3) 表示推測(cè)

　　should , ought to (客觀推測(cè)), must(主觀推測(cè))。

　　1.He must be home by now. (斷定他已到家)

　　2.He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)

　　3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)

　　4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)

　　八、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+不定式完成式(have done)

　　1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本來(lái)可以做而實(shí)際上能做某事”，是虛擬語(yǔ)氣;在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑或不肯定, 表示推測(cè)。

　　1. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. (虛擬語(yǔ)氣)

　　2. He can’t have been to that town.(推測(cè))

　　3. Can he have got the book?(推測(cè))

　　2) may / might +不定式完成式(have done)

　　表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)。不能用于疑問(wèn)句中，沒(méi)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。Might所表示的可能性比may小。

　　1. He may not have finished the work .

　　2. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.

　　3)must +不定式完成式(have done)

　　用于肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)。意為“一定、想必”。其疑問(wèn)、否定形式用can，can’t代替。參看1) can / could + have done表示推測(cè)。

　　1. You must have seen the film Titanic.

　　2. He must have been to Shanghai.

　　4)should +不定式完成式(have done)

　　用于肯定句中，表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的推測(cè)。

　　He should have finished the work by now。

　　表示“本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有做某事”，其否定式表示某種行為本不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了?？梢耘cought to +不定式完成式(have done)互換。

　　1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)

　　2. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.

　　5) needn’t +不定式完成式(have done)

　　表示“本來(lái)不必做而實(shí)際上做了某事”。

　　You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

　　6) will +不定式完成式(have done)

　　主要用于第二、三人稱，表示對(duì)已完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。

　　He will have arrived by now.