地震的起因中英文介紹

地震的起因中英文介紹

　　導(dǎo)語(yǔ):地震又稱(chēng)地動(dòng)、地振動(dòng)，是地殼快速釋放能量過(guò)程中造成振動(dòng)，期間會(huì)產(chǎn)生地震波的一種自然現(xiàn)象。地球上板塊與板塊之間相互擠壓碰撞，造成板塊邊沿及板塊內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)動(dòng)和破裂，是引起地面震動(dòng)(即地震)的主要原因.

　　地震的起因英文介紹

　　The causes of the earthquake 地震的起因

　　The earthquake causes the Earth's surface vibration There are many reasons according to the causes of earthquakes, earthquakes can be divided into the following:

　　引起地球表層振動(dòng)的原因很多，根據(jù)地震的成因，可以把地震分為以下幾種：

　　1. Tectonic earthquake

　　Since the depths of underground rock dislocation, caused by the rupture of the earthquake known as tectonic earthquake. Such earthquake occurred most often, the greatest damage, the earthquake accounted for about 90 percent of the world over.

　　1.構(gòu)造地震

　　由于地下深處巖層錯(cuò)動(dòng)、破裂所造成的地震稱(chēng)為構(gòu)造地震。這類(lèi)地震發(fā)生的次數(shù)最多，破壞力也最大，約占全世界地震的90%以上。

　　2. Volcanic earthquake

　　As the volcano, such as magmatic activity, such as gas explosions caused by the earthquake known as the volcanic earthquake. Only in areas of volcanic activity may occur before the volcanic earthquakes, such earthquakes around the world accounts for only about 7 percent of the earthquake.

　　2.火山地震

　　由于火山作用，如巖漿活動(dòng)、氣體爆炸等引起的地震稱(chēng)為火山地震。只有在火山活動(dòng)區(qū)才可能發(fā)生火山地震，這類(lèi)地震只占全世界地震的7%左右。

　　3. Earthquake collapse

　　As the top of underground caves or mine collapse caused by the earthquake known as the collapse of the earthquake. Such relatively small-scale earthquake, the number of little, if any, tend to occur in the limestone cave over the region or large-scale underground mining of the mining area.

　　3.塌陷地震

　　由于地下巖洞或礦井頂部塌陷而引起的地震稱(chēng)為塌陷地震。這類(lèi)地震的規(guī)模比較小，次數(shù)也很少，即使有，也往往發(fā)生在溶洞密布的石灰?guī)r地區(qū)或大規(guī)模地下開(kāi)采的礦區(qū)。

　　4. Induced earthquake

　　As water, oil field activities such as water flooding caused by the earthquake known as the earthquake-induced. Such earthquake only in certain oil reservoir area or region.

　　4.誘發(fā)地震

　　由于水庫(kù)蓄水、油田注水等活動(dòng)而引發(fā)的地震稱(chēng)為誘發(fā)地震。這類(lèi)地震僅僅在某些特定的水庫(kù)庫(kù)區(qū)或油田地區(qū)發(fā)生。

　　5. Artificial earthquake

　　Underground nuclear explosions, explosives, blasting and other human-induced ground vibration known as the artificial earthquake. Artificial earthquake was caused by human activities in the earthquake. Such as industrial blasting, the vibration caused by underground nuclear explosions in deep water in a high-pressure water and the large increases the pressure on the crust, sometimes induced earthquake.

　　The seismic wave origin, called the source. Source on the ground of the vertical projection, called the epicentre. The depth of the epicentre to the source called focal depth. Usually focal depth of less than 70 km of the quake is shallow, deep in the 70-300 km is in the earthquake, and the depth is greater than 300 kilometres of deep earthquakes. Devastating earthquake is generally shallow earthquake, such as the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 the focal depth of 12 km.

　　5.人工地震

　　地下核爆炸、炸藥爆破等人為引起的地面振動(dòng)稱(chēng)為人工地震。 人工地震是由人為活動(dòng)引起的地震。如工業(yè)爆破、地下核爆炸造成的振動(dòng);在深井中進(jìn)行高壓注水以及大水庫(kù)蓄水后增加了地殼的壓力，有時(shí)也會(huì)誘發(fā)地震。

　　地震波發(fā)源的地方，叫作震源。震源在地面上的垂直投影，叫作震中。震中到震源的深度叫作震源深度。通常將震源深度小于70公里的叫淺源地震，深度在70-300公里的叫中源地震，深度大于300公里的叫深源地震。破壞性地震一般是淺源地震。如1976年的唐山地震的震源深度為12公里。