學(xué)習(xí)啦 > 學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 初中學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 初一學(xué)習(xí)方法 > 七年級(jí)英語(yǔ) >

初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)

時(shí)間: 於寶21274 分享

  學(xué)習(xí)好英語(yǔ)是我們看世界的一個(gè)方式,英語(yǔ)尤其重要的是語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí),下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí),希望能夠幫助到大家!

  初一英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)復(fù)習(xí)

  一. 動(dòng)詞be(am,is,are)的用法:

  be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。

 ?、俚谝蝗朔Q單數(shù)(I)配合am來(lái)用。句型解析析:I am+…

  例句:I am Snoopy.

  I am ten years old.

  I am a student.

  I am a boy.

 ?、诘诙朔Q(You)配合are使用。句型解析:You are+…

  例句:You are my good friend.

  You are a good teacher.

  You are beautiful

 ?、鄣谌朔Q單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析:She(He, It) is +……

  例句:She is a good girl.

  She is so tall.

  She is short.

 ?、苋朔Q復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:We (You, They) are +……

  例句We are in Class 5,Grade 7.

  They are my friends.

  You are good students.

  用法口訣:

  我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。

  對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí):

  一. 用括號(hào)中適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。

  1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia.

  2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.

  3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends.

  4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.

  5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?

  6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?

  7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it.

  8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.

  二、人稱代詞

  表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞,叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見(jiàn)下表:

人稱

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

主格

賓格

主格

賓格

第一人稱

I

me

we

us

第二人稱

you

you

you

you

第三人稱

he

him

they

them

she

her

it

it

  人稱代詞主格:作主語(yǔ),表示誰(shuí)怎么樣了、干什么了。

  I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.

  We/You/They are students.

  人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象。

  Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us)

  三、物主代詞

  表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,其人稱和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表。

數(shù)

人稱

類別

單數(shù)

復(fù)數(shù)

第一

人稱

第二

人稱

第三

人稱

第一

人稱

第二人稱

第三

人稱

形容詞性物主

代詞

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

名詞性物主代詞

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

漢語(yǔ)

我的

你的

他的

她的

它的

我們的

你們的

他(她、它)們的

  形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞

  而名詞性物主代詞則相當(dāng)于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如:

  Is this your book?

  No,,it isn’t, it’s hers(her book)

  This pen is mine.

  代詞練習(xí)

  一、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。

  1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.

  2. That is _______( she ) sister.

  3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.

  4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.

  5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.

  6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students.

  7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?

  8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends.

  9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).

  10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.

二、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空

1.We like ________ (he, his , him) very much.

2.Is this guitar ________ (you, your, yours)?

3.________(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li.

4.Father bought a desk for ________ (I, my, me, mine).

5.________ (It, It's, Its) is very cold today.

6.Is this your book, Mike?

 Yes ,________(we, you, they )are.

7.Are you and Tom classmates?

 Yes, ________(we, you ,they )are.

8.Each of the students ________( have, has) a pen pal.

9.He has a dog. I want to have ________(it, one ),too.

10.Her parents are ________ (both, all ,either )teachers.

11.The text is easy for you .There are ________( few, a few ,little,a little) new words in it.

12.I want ________( some, any) bananas. Give me these big ________(one, ones).

  四、陳述句

  1、 概念:說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或是陳述說(shuō)話人的看法的句子,句末用句號(hào)。

  2、 分類:陳述句根據(jù)其語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),可大體分為“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”和“主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”兩種;而從語(yǔ)氣的角度分,又可分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句

  (1)“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)

 ?、倏隙愂鼍?/p>

  I like that book.我喜歡那本書。(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí))

  I really agree.我確實(shí)同意。(陳述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn))

  ②否定陳述句

  I did not buy the TV.我沒(méi)有買那個(gè)電視。(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí))

  (2)主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

 ?、倏隙愂雒?/p>

  The film is boring . 這部電影沒(méi)意思。(陳述觀點(diǎn))

 ?、诜穸愂鼍?/p>

  Smoking is not good for your health.抽煙對(duì)你的健康沒(méi)有好處。(陳述一個(gè)事實(shí))

  3、 陳述句的否定結(jié)構(gòu):

  陳述句的否定式主要用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá):

  (1)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be , have 或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為:

  主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + not + 其他成分

  I am not a teacher. 我不是老師。

  We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我們沒(méi)有任何有關(guān)動(dòng)物方面的書。

  The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩子們沒(méi)在操場(chǎng)上玩。

  He will not (won`t) come. 他不會(huì)來(lái)。

  We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我們不能忘記過(guò)去。

  It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丟的。

  (2) 當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是do (即行為動(dòng)詞),而且沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其否定結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語(yǔ)+do (does,did) + not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他成分

  You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你沒(méi)有每天都來(lái)這里。

  He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教這個(gè)班。

  They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他們沒(méi)看電視。

  注意:陳述句的語(yǔ)調(diào)一般用降調(diào)。但在表示疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣時(shí),用升調(diào),在書面上要用問(wèn)號(hào)來(lái)表示。

  You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港嗎?

  這句話表示的是一種疑問(wèn),只不過(guò)是通過(guò)陳述的語(yǔ)序和疑問(wèn)的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá)的

  五、疑問(wèn)句

  疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出疑問(wèn)的句子,句末用問(wèn)號(hào)“?”。??嫉囊蓡?wèn)句有四類,即:一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句。

  (1)一般疑問(wèn)句

  一般疑問(wèn)句通常需要用yes 或no 來(lái)回答,所以又叫做“是非疑問(wèn)句”。在讀這種句子時(shí)

  要用升調(diào)。一般疑問(wèn)句主要有以下幾種類型:

  1、“be + 主語(yǔ) + 表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)

  — Are you sleepy ? 你困了嗎?

  — Yes, I am . 是的,我困了。

  2、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)言+ 行為動(dòng)詞(或be)”結(jié)構(gòu)

  — May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用這部電話嗎?

  — Yes, you can. 是的,可以。

  3、“助動(dòng)詞(do, does, did)+ 主語(yǔ) + 行為動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

  — Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜歡夏天游泳嗎?

  — No, I don`t . 不,我不喜歡。

  難點(diǎn)提示

  回答否定性一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),要在Yes 后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu),表示肯定;在No 后面用否定結(jié)構(gòu),表示否定。注意在說(shuō)法上正好與漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時(shí)候,只要把它當(dāng)成沒(méi)有加否定形式的普通一般疑問(wèn)句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。

  — Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥嗎?

  —Yes, he is . 不,他是(我的哥哥)。No, he is not. 是的,他不是(我的哥哥)。

  — Isn`t she very clever? 她難道不是很聰明嗎?

  — Yes, she is. 不,她很聰明。— No, she is not . 是,她不聰明。

  (2)特殊疑問(wèn)句

  一、特殊疑問(wèn)句是用來(lái)提出來(lái)特定問(wèn)題的疑問(wèn)句,要求聽(tīng)到問(wèn)題的人針對(duì)特定情況來(lái)做具體的回答,不能像一般疑問(wèn)句一樣簡(jiǎn)單地用Yes 或No 來(lái)回答,特殊疑問(wèn)句要用降調(diào)來(lái)讀。

  二、特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu):

  特殊疑問(wèn)詞 + 一般疑問(wèn)句

  Who do English homework in the evening?誰(shuí)晚上做英語(yǔ)家庭作業(yè)?

  What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么?

  What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè)?

  When do you do English homework?你什么時(shí)候做英語(yǔ)家庭作業(yè)?

  三、注意:

  對(duì)人提問(wèn)時(shí)who“誰(shuí)”

  對(duì)所屬(誰(shuí)的)提問(wèn)用whose“誰(shuí)的”

  對(duì)哪一個(gè)提問(wèn)用which“哪一個(gè)”

  對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)用when“什么時(shí)候”或what time“幾點(diǎn)”

  對(duì)物體提問(wèn)用what“什么”

  對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)用where“哪里”

  對(duì)原因提問(wèn)用why“為什么”

  對(duì)方式提問(wèn)用how“怎么樣”

  對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)用how many“多少”(用于可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))或how much“多少”(用于不可數(shù)名詞)

  四、難點(diǎn)提示

  1、 以why開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句否定形式常用于表示建議、請(qǐng)求等。Why don`t you have a try? 你為什么不試試呢?

  2、 特殊疑問(wèn)句常用到一些縮略形式,在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)中要注意習(xí)慣這些用法。

  I don`t want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那兒,你呢?

  But what else? 可是還有什么呢?

  1、把下列句子變成否定句:

  1. I am listening to music. ___________

  2. Mike is a student. ______________________

  3.Sarah can clean the classroom. _______________

  4. They are in the zoo. ____________________

  5. There are some flowers in the vase.____________

  6. This is my sister. _________________________

  7. We are sweeping the floor._____________________

  8. We need some masks. _________________________

  9. They like making the puppet. ___________________

  10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.

  _____________________________

  11. I put a book on my head.

  _________________________________

  12. They sing “In the classroom” together.

  __________________________________

  13. We play basketball on Sundays.

  ________________________________

  14. Tom likes listening to music

  ______________________________

  2、把下列句子變成一般疑問(wèn)句

  1. I am listening to music. __________

  2. Mike is a student. ___________________

  3. Sarah can clean the classroom._______________

  4. They are in the zoo. _______________________

  5. There are some flowers in the vase.___________

  6. This is my sister. ________________________

  7. We are sweeping the floor._____________________

  8. We need some masks. ______________________

  9. They like making the puppet. _______________

  10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.

  _________________________________________________

  11. I put a book on my head.

  _________________________________________________

  12. They sing “In the classroom” together.

  _______________________________________________

  13. We play basketball on Sundays.

  _________________________________________________

  14. Tom likes listening to music

  ____________________________________________

  六.have作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

  1.表示“有”的意思

  Look, I have wings, just like you.

  He had fair hair and blue eyes.

  〔注1〕:其否定和疑問(wèn)形式變化,在美國(guó)通常用助動(dòng)詞do。

  〔注2〕:在英國(guó)口語(yǔ)中常用have got代替have.

  Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,

  I haven't got any jewelry.

  2.have和一些其他名詞連用,表示:

  (1)一種活動(dòng)。

  We have no classes on Sunday.(上課)

  they’re going to have a volleyball match.(舉行比賽)

  Are we going to have a meeting this week?(開會(huì))

  We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(聽(tīng)報(bào)告)

  (2)患病。

  I have got a headache.

  I have a bad cold.

  (3)發(fā)生的情況。

  I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)

  (4)生育。

  The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.

  3.和一與動(dòng)詞同形的名詞連用,表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作(have+a+由動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化和名詞)

  Are you going to have a swim.

  I have a long talk with the teacher.

  4.have on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=to be wearing)

  I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.

  At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.

  5.表示“吃”、“喝”

  I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.

  Does she have lunch at home?

  6.組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)即“have+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”

  (1)不加to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb. do sth.),表示讓、叫某人做某事。

  The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.

  〔注〕:否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不能讓…”或“從未有人…”.

  We won't have you blame it on others.

  She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.

  (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示讓(使)某人做某事。

  …the two men had their lights burning all night long….

  (3)過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(have sb. (sth.)done),表示:

  ①使(讓,請(qǐng))別人作某事,表示的動(dòng)作是別人做的。

  Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.

  …he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.

 ?、谠庥龅侥呈?。

  Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.

  七、英語(yǔ)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則

  一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。

  讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀[s],結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。

  例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

  二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。

  讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀[iz]。

  例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes

  三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。

  讀音變化:加讀[z]。

  例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

  四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,如果不是外來(lái)詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。

  讀音變化:加讀[z]。

  例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes

  反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外來(lái)詞); photo→photos; macro→macros(縮寫詞)

  五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves,但有例外。

  讀音變化:尾音[f]改讀[vz]。

  例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves

  反例:roof→roofs

  六、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞(多為外來(lái)詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。

  讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。

  例:fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti

  七、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。

  讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。

  例:axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes

  八、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices,但有例外。

  讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。

  例:matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes

  九、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)?a。

  讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音。

  例:forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua

  十、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。

  讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。

  例:larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae

  十一、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。

  讀音變化:保持原音。

  例:fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon

  十二、極少數(shù)單詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。

  讀音變化:沒(méi)有規(guī)律。

  例:man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen

  十三、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞:

  例:ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren

  十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞

  例:analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基礎(chǔ); datum→data數(shù)據(jù); foot→feet;

  formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men

  mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;

  parenthesis→parentheses 圓括號(hào); phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象; radius→radii 半徑

  tooth→teeth; woman→women

  十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的

  例:deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鮭魚; trout 鱒魚

  十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞

  例:abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery機(jī)械; news; scenery風(fēng)景; sugar;

  traffic交通

  十七、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多

  例:bellows風(fēng)箱; clothes; police; shorts短褲; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼鏡; shears大剪刀

  trousers長(zhǎng)褲; wages工資

  十八、compound nouns,這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來(lái)表示

  例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父

  man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦; maid-servant→maid-servants

  step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law

  十九、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞

  例:pair(對(duì),雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

  二十、另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,

  例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚

  二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  例:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

  以O(shè)結(jié)尾的詞,許多加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù),特別是一些常用詞如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes

  但下面幾類詞只加s:

  1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結(jié)尾詞如:videos,radios,studios,folios

  2.一些外來(lái)詞,特別是音樂(lè)方面的如:pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos

  3.一些縮寫詞和專有名詞,如:kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos

  有個(gè)別詞加兩種詞尾都可以,如:archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英),cargos(美)

  名詞由單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)的練習(xí)

  寫出下列名詞復(fù)數(shù)

  leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______

  用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空:

  1>There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.

  2>There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.

  3>These _______(tomato) are red.

  4>______(hero) are great.

  5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)

  6>There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.

  7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).

  8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.

  9>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.

  10>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the kitchen.

  11>I have two ______(pencil-box).

  12>There are some ______(bus)in the street.

  13>Peter has eight _____(foot).

  14>Linda has three _______(tooth).

  15>There are some ______(child) in the garden.

  16>Michael likes the ______(mouse).

  17>There are some ______(goose)in the river.

  18>My uncle and father are _____(man).

  19>Tom and King are _____(boy).

  20>Linda has three ______(tooth).

  八、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  1,表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

  Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。

  Let's set off. It isn’t raining now. 咱們出發(fā)吧?,F(xiàn)在不下雨了。

  這類情況常與now現(xiàn)在,at the present現(xiàn)在,at the moment現(xiàn)在,today今天,this week這個(gè)星期,this year今年等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。有時(shí)通過(guò)上下文可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài),如:

  It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 現(xiàn)在是下午四點(diǎn)。孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球。

  Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快點(diǎn)!我們大家都等著你。

  Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看!他們?cè)谀沁叺臉涞紫驴磿?/p>

  Listen! She is singing in the room. 聽(tīng)!她在房間里唱歌。

  Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凱特在哪里?她在房間里看書。

  Why are you crying? Is something wrong?

  為什么哭呢?有什么不對(duì)?

  2,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

  We are working in a factory these days. 這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S工作。

  They are compiling a dictionary. 他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典。

  這類情況常與today今天,this week這個(gè)星期,this evening今天晚上,these days現(xiàn)在、目前等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

  3,在口語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作。

  They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約。

  Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎?

  這類情況常與come來(lái),go去, leave離開,depart離開,arrive到達(dá),stay逗留,start開始等動(dòng)詞連用。所用的動(dòng)詞必須是動(dòng)作而不是狀態(tài),主語(yǔ)必須是人。

  4,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩。

  He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架。

  She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著。

  The boy is forever asking questions. 那個(gè)男孩老是問(wèn)問(wèn)題。

  這類情況常與always總是,usually通常,continually不斷的,constantly經(jīng)常的,forever永遠(yuǎn)、老是等副詞連用。

  5,有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問(wèn)者的關(guān)切心情。

  How are you feeling today? (How do you feel today?)你今天感覺(jué)如何?

  I am looking (look)forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來(lái)。

  Why are you looking(do you look)so sad? 為什么你看起來(lái)這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢?

  6,有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外,一般不和其他時(shí)間副詞連用的。

  Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來(lái)越有趣了。

  The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了。

  The war is ending. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)接近尾聲了。

  Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一會(huì)兒,我的晚飯就要吃完了。

  適合于此種用法的動(dòng)詞有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開始,forget忘記,remember記得,die死,finish完成,find發(fā)現(xiàn),rise增強(qiáng)等.

  7,“be”動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。

  He is being foolish. 他在裝傻。

  He is being honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí)。

  She is being rude. 她故意表現(xiàn)粗魯。

  I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私。

  適合于此種用法的有:foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful細(xì)心的,patient耐心的,lazy懶惰的,silly傻的,rude粗魯?shù)?,polite禮貌的,impolite無(wú)禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞。(“be”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示人的行為,純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動(dòng)時(shí)或主語(yǔ)不是人時(shí),“be”動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))如:

  I am happy.(表語(yǔ)是純粹的心理狀態(tài),不可用am being) 我很快樂(lè)。

  He's tired.(表語(yǔ)是純粹的生理狀態(tài),不可用is being) 他很疲倦。

  It's hot today.(主語(yǔ)不是人,不可用is being) 今天很熱。 常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

  用法實(shí)例:

  (1)當(dāng)句子中有now時(shí),常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:They are playing basketball now.現(xiàn)在他們正在打籃球。

  (2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動(dòng)作正進(jìn)行,這時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:Listen!She is singing an English song.聽(tīng),她正在唱英語(yǔ)歌。

  (3)表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,且此時(shí)有this week, these days等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:We are making model planes these days.這些天我們?cè)谧鲲w機(jī)模型。

  (4)描述圖片中的人物的動(dòng)作,也為了表達(dá)更生動(dòng)。此時(shí)也常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風(fēng)箏。

  一般結(jié)構(gòu):

  肯定句式:主語(yǔ)+be( am, is, are)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.

  否定句式:主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are) +not +現(xiàn)在分詞+其它.

  一般疑問(wèn)句:Be(am, is, are) +主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?

  特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be(am, is, are)+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞+其它?

  對(duì)一般疑問(wèn)句作答,肯定回答:yes,主語(yǔ)+be,否定回答:no,主語(yǔ)+be not

  對(duì)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況回答。

  Eg:They are working these days. He is buying a bike.

  They aren’t working these days. He isn’t buying a bike.

  Are they working these days? Is he buying a bike?

  What are they doing these days? What is he doing ?

  現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有

  1、一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing

  Jump——jumping

  go——going

  pushing——pushing

  play——playing

  2、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先去e,再加-ing.

  Take——takeing

  leave——leaving

  write——writing

  have——having

  3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,它前面是單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上-ing.

  Cut—cutting

  put—putting

  stop—stopping

  fit—fitting

  begin—beginning

  forget—forgetting

  4.以ie結(jié)尾的詞,將ie變?yōu)閥再加ing

  Lie—lying

  練習(xí):

  盡管現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較簡(jiǎn)單,但在做題過(guò)程中也常會(huì)犯一些錯(cuò)誤,常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤有如下幾種:

  1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.

  A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping

  2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.

  A .Who B .How C.What D.Where

  3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.

  A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep

  4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.

  A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes

  5 、–When_____he_____back?

  – Sorry, I don’t know.

  A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming

  6、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.

  7、 What____he _____(mend)?

  8、 We _____(play)games now.

  9、 What ____you____(do) thesse days?

  10、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?

  11、 Who____(sing)in the next room?

  12、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.

  答案:1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing

  5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing

  注意:

  把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯(cuò)

  例:1、They are swiming.(swim)

  2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.

  答案:1.swimming 2 .playing

  丟掉be動(dòng)詞或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞

  例:1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.

  2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.

  答案:1 are flying 2 isn’t reading

  解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)肯定句的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)律為: “be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點(diǎn)必須牢記。

  對(duì)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問(wèn)時(shí)丟掉doing

  例:1 、The students are singing in the room.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))

  What are the students in the room?答案:What are the students doing in the room?

  解析:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中對(duì)動(dòng)作提問(wèn)可記住此句式“What +be +主語(yǔ)+doing+其它?”

  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的選擇疑問(wèn)句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式

  例:孩子們?cè)谂苓€是在跳?

  Are the children running or jump?答案:Are the children running or jumping?

  解析: or連接的是兩個(gè)并列成分,動(dòng)詞形式須一致。

214612