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中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

時(shí)間: 芷瓊1026 分享

中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納

  語(yǔ)法是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ),為了使同學(xué)們系統(tǒng)地復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納,一起來(lái)看看吧。

  中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

  考點(diǎn)精講

  考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式

  動(dòng)詞不定式是每年中考的必考點(diǎn)。考生必須清楚牢記并掌握不定式分別可以在句中所作的成分及功能。

  動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ),如To learn math well is difficult for us.

  動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ),如Her job is to do the dishes.

  動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)(包括疑問(wèn)詞加不定式),如They decided to visit the Great Lakes.

  Could you tell me how to get to the train station?

  動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),如The teacher asked us to turn off the lights.

  Hard seats make customers want to eat quickly and leave.

  動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ),如I have a lot of books to read.

  動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ),如To catch the train, we had to get up early.

  動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型

  1. too什么to表示“太怎么而不能”。如:

  The boy is too young to look after himself.那個(gè)男孩太小不能照顧自己。

  2. enough to表示“足夠做什么”。如:

  He is old enough to go to school.他到了上學(xué)的年齡了。

  3. Why don't you 加不帶to的不定式?等于Why not 加不帶to的不定式?

  如:Why don't you get her a photo album?

  等于Why not get her a photo album? 為什么不給她買(mǎi)個(gè)相冊(cè)呢?

  4. had better(not)加不帶to的不定式表示“最好(不要)”。如:

  You had better not stay there today. 你今天最好別待在那兒。

  5. Will you please加不帶to的不定式?表示“你能怎么樣嗎?”如:

  Will you please close the door?你能把門(mén)關(guān)上嗎?

  6. prefer to do something rather than do something 表示“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如:

  She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她寧愿收到一份有意義的小禮物也不愿收到一大筆錢(qián)。

  中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

  考點(diǎn)精講

  動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)

  動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式加及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。

  助動(dòng)詞be有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,其變化規(guī)則與系動(dòng)詞be完全一樣。

  現(xiàn)以do為例,將幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)講解如下:

  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(2013年考查2次),構(gòu)成am或者is或者are加done;例句My schoolbag is taken away.

  一般過(guò)去時(shí)(2013年考查2次;2012年考查3次;2011年考查1次),構(gòu)成was或者were加done;例句Trees were planted in each side of the road.

  含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(2013年考查1次;2012年考查2次;2011年考查1次),構(gòu)成情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加be done;例句The work must be finished in two days.

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has或者h(yuǎn)ave加been done;例句Tom's bike has been stolen.

  一般將來(lái)時(shí)will或者be going to加be done;The meeting is going to be held in our school.

  通過(guò)分析廣西近三年真題,對(duì)于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的考查主要從兩個(gè)層面入手:

 ?、龠x項(xiàng)全是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的,須要從主語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)分別判斷被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài);

 ?、谶x項(xiàng)中有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的,首先需要判定被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),其次判斷其時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)。

  如何辨別主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

 ?、僦鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的發(fā)出者。賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的對(duì)象。

 ?、诒粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的承受者(動(dòng)作的對(duì)象)。

  在下列三種情況之一要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):

 ?、俨恢绖?dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

  Rice is grown in the south of China.中國(guó)南方種植水稻。

 ?、跊](méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

  —Excuse me, Sir, smoking isn?t allowed in the gas station. 打擾一下,先生,加氣站是不允許吸煙的。

  —Oh, I am really sorry. 哦,真地很抱歉。

  Your work must be finished today.你們的工作必須今天完成。

 ?、坌枰獜?qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如:

  Your work must be finished today.你們的工作必須今天完成。

  The doctor has been sent for.已經(jīng)派人去請(qǐng)醫(yī)生了。

  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型巧計(jì)口訣

  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓(語(yǔ)),用be加上過(guò)去分(詞),

  行為對(duì)象作主語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)by來(lái)引。

  中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):不定式的否定式

  1. 不定式的否定式的構(gòu)成

  通常是將否定詞not或never置于不定式之前,即構(gòu)成not to do 或never to do 的形式,注意not和never一定要放在不定式符號(hào)to的前面,而不是其后面:

  The doctor advised me not to smoke. 醫(yī)生勸我不要抽煙。

  It’s politically short-sighted not to do so. 不這樣做在政治上是短視的。

  He strongly advised me not to do so. 他使勁勸我別這樣做。

  Take care not to break it. 小心別把它打破了。

  Be careful not to break anything. 當(dāng)心別打破什么了。

  She had sense enough not to say anything about it. 她有足夠的頭腦不提此事。

  Father warned me never to drive after drinking. 父親警告我不要酒后開(kāi)車(chē)。

  Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 參觀的人請(qǐng)勿觸摸展品。

  【注意】若不定式為完成式和被動(dòng)式,否定詞應(yīng)置于整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之前:

  She pretended not to have seen him. 她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)他。

  It is nice not to be dependent on others. 不依靠別人是好的。

  You were silly not to have locked your car. 你沒(méi)鎖車(chē)太傻了。

  2. so as to do sth 和in order to do sth 的否定式

  對(duì)于這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式,通常是將否定詞置于不定式符號(hào)to之前,而不是置于整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)之前或其他位置:

  Study hard so as not to fail the exam. 努力學(xué)習(xí),以免考試不及格。

  He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife. 他輕輕進(jìn)來(lái),以免把他妻子吵醒。

  Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 進(jìn)去時(shí)不要出聲,以免把寶寶吵醒。

  Take every precaution so as not to catch cold.采取一切預(yù)防措施以免感冒。

  We keep the window shut in order not to let the flies in. 我們把窗子關(guān)著以免蒼蠅進(jìn)來(lái)。

  They hid themselves in the cave in order not to be seen by the enemy. 他們躲在洞穴里以免被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)。

  Please reply at once in order not to lose this opportunity of a lower price. 請(qǐng)立即回復(fù),以免失去這次低價(jià)的機(jī)會(huì)。

  They must have worn gloves in order not to leave any fingerprints. 他們一定戴上了手套,以防留下指紋。


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