福布斯哈佛經(jīng)典演講稿
福布斯哈佛經(jīng)典演講稿
哈佛大學(xué)(Harvard University)，簡(jiǎn)稱哈佛，坐落于美國(guó)馬薩諸塞州劍橋市，是一所享譽(yù)世界的私立研究型大學(xué)，是著名的常春藤盟校成員。下面學(xué)習(xí)啦小編分享了福布斯哈佛經(jīng)典演講稿，希望你喜歡。
福布斯哈佛經(jīng)典演講稿英文版全文如下
You've got to find what you love,' Jobs says
This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
The first story is about connecting the dots.
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl.
So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out.
And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this.
I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.
And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.
My second story is about love and loss.
I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.
And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly.
I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me – I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world.
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love.
And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
My third story is about death.
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notion
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
Thank you all very much.
福布斯哈佛經(jīng)典演講稿中文版如下
“好學(xué)若饑、謙卑若愚”
福布斯說(shuō)：很榮幸和大家一道參加這所世界上最好的一座大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮。我大學(xué)沒(méi)畢業(yè)，說(shuō)實(shí)話，這是我第一次離大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮這么近。今天我想給大家講三個(gè)我自己的故事，不講別的，也不講大道理，就講三個(gè)故事。
Jobs說(shuō)，你必須要找到你所愛(ài)的東西。
這是蘋(píng)果公司和Pixar動(dòng)畫(huà)工作室的CEO Steve Jobs于2005年6月12號(hào)在斯坦福大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上面的演講稿。
我今天很榮幸能和你們一起參加畢業(yè)典禮，斯坦福大學(xué)是世界上最好的大學(xué)之一。我從來(lái)沒(méi)有從大學(xué)中畢業(yè)。說(shuō)實(shí)話,今天也許是在我的生命中離大學(xué)畢業(yè)最近的一天了。今天我想向你們講述我生活中的三個(gè)故事。不是什么大不了的事情,只是三個(gè)故事而已。
第一個(gè)故事是關(guān)于如何把生命中的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴串連起來(lái)。
我在Reed大學(xué)讀了六個(gè)月之后就退學(xué)了,但是在十八個(gè)月以后——我真正的作出退學(xué)決定之前,我還經(jīng)常去學(xué)校。我為什么要退學(xué)呢?
故事從我出生的時(shí)候講起。我的親生母親是一個(gè)年輕的,沒(méi)有結(jié)婚的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。她決定讓別人收養(yǎng)我, 她十分想讓我被大學(xué)畢業(yè)生收養(yǎng)。所以在我出生的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)做好了一切的準(zhǔn)備工作，能使得我被一個(gè)律師和他的妻子所收養(yǎng)。但是她沒(méi)有料到,當(dāng)我出生之后,律師夫婦突然決定他們想要一個(gè)女孩。
所以我的生養(yǎng)父母(他們還在我親生父母的觀察名單上)突然在半夜接到了一個(gè)電話:“我們現(xiàn)在這兒有一個(gè)不小心生出來(lái)的男嬰,你們想要他嗎?”他們回答道:“當(dāng)然!”但是我親生母親隨后發(fā)現(xiàn)，我的養(yǎng)母從來(lái)沒(méi)有上過(guò)大學(xué),我的父親甚至從沒(méi)有讀過(guò)高中。她拒絕簽這個(gè)收養(yǎng)合同。只是在幾個(gè)月以后,我的父母答應(yīng)她一定要讓我上大學(xué),那個(gè)時(shí)候她才同意。
在十七歲那年,我真的上了大學(xué)。但是我很愚蠢的選擇了一個(gè)幾乎和你們斯坦福大學(xué)一樣貴的學(xué)校, 我父母還處于藍(lán)領(lǐng)階層，他們幾乎把所有積蓄都花在了我的學(xué)費(fèi)上面。在六個(gè)月后, 我已經(jīng)看不到其中的價(jià)值所在。我不知道我想要在生命中做什么,我也不知道大學(xué)能幫助我找到怎樣的答案。
但是在這里，我?guī)缀趸ü饬宋腋改高@一輩子的所有積蓄。所以我決定要退學(xué),我覺(jué)得這是個(gè)正確的決定。不能否認(rèn),我當(dāng)時(shí)確實(shí)非常的害怕, 但是現(xiàn)在回頭看看,那的確是我這一生中最棒的一個(gè)決定。在我做出退學(xué)決定的那一刻, 我終于可以不必去讀那些令我提不起絲毫興趣的課程了。然后我還可以去修那些看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)意思的課程。
但是這并不是那么羅曼蒂克。我失去了我的宿舍,所以我只能在朋友房間的地板上面睡覺(jué),我去撿5美分的可樂(lè)瓶子，僅僅為了填飽肚子, 在星期天的晚上,我需要走七英里的路程，穿過(guò)這個(gè)城市到Hare Krishna寺廟(注：位于紐約Brooklyn下城),只是為了能吃上飯——這個(gè)星期唯一一頓好一點(diǎn)的飯。但是我喜歡這樣。我跟著我的直覺(jué)和好奇心走, 遇到的很多東西,此后被證明是無(wú)價(jià)之寶。讓我給你們舉一個(gè)例子吧：
Reed大學(xué)在那時(shí)提供也許是全美最好的美術(shù)字課程。在這個(gè)大學(xué)里面的每個(gè)海報(bào), 每個(gè)抽屜的標(biāo)簽上面全都是漂亮的美術(shù)字。因?yàn)槲彝藢W(xué)了, 沒(méi)有受到正規(guī)的訓(xùn)練, 所以我決定去參加這個(gè)課程，去學(xué)學(xué)怎樣寫(xiě)出漂亮的美術(shù)字。
我學(xué)到了san serif 和serif字體, 我學(xué)會(huì)了怎么樣在不同的字母組合之中改變空格的長(zhǎng)度, 還有怎么樣才能作出最棒的印刷式樣。那是一種科學(xué)永遠(yuǎn)不能捕捉到的、美麗的、真實(shí)的藝術(shù)精妙, 我發(fā)現(xiàn)那實(shí)在是太美妙了。
當(dāng)時(shí)看起來(lái)這些東西在我的生命中，好像都沒(méi)有什么實(shí)際應(yīng)用的可能。但是十年之后,當(dāng)我們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)第一臺(tái)Macintosh電腦的時(shí)候,就不是那樣了。我把當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)的那些家伙全都設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)了Mac。那是第一臺(tái)使用了漂亮的印刷字體的電腦。
如果我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有退學(xué), 就不會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)去參加這個(gè)我感興趣的美術(shù)字課程, Mac就不會(huì)有這么多豐富的字體，以及賞心悅目的字體間距。那么現(xiàn)在個(gè)人電腦就不會(huì)有現(xiàn)在這么美妙的字型了。當(dāng)然我在大學(xué)的時(shí)候，還不可能把從前的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴串連起來(lái),但是當(dāng)我十年后回顧這一切的時(shí)候,真的豁然開(kāi)朗了。
再次說(shuō)明的是,你在向前展望的時(shí)候不可能將這些片斷串連起來(lái);你只能在回顧的時(shí)候?qū)Ⅻc(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴串連起來(lái)。所以你必須相信這些片斷會(huì)在你未來(lái)的某一天串連起來(lái)。你必須要相信某些東西：你的勇氣、目的、生命、因緣。這個(gè)過(guò)程從來(lái)沒(méi)有令我失望(let me down),只是讓我的生命更加地與眾不同而已。
我的第二個(gè)故事是關(guān)于愛(ài)和損失的。
我非常幸運(yùn), 因?yàn)槲以诤茉绲臅r(shí)候就找到了我鐘愛(ài)的東西。Woz和我在二十歲的時(shí)候就在父母的車(chē)庫(kù)里面開(kāi)創(chuàng)了蘋(píng)果公司。我們工作得很努力, 十年之后, 這個(gè)公司從那兩個(gè)車(chē)庫(kù)中的窮光蛋發(fā)展到了超過(guò)四千名的雇員、價(jià)值超過(guò)二十億的大公司。在公司成立的第九年,我們剛剛發(fā)布了最好的產(chǎn)品,那就是Macintosh。我也快要到三十歲了。
在那一年, 我被炒了魷魚(yú)。你怎么可能被你自己創(chuàng)立的公司炒了魷魚(yú)呢? 嗯,在蘋(píng)果快速成長(zhǎng)的時(shí)候，我們雇用了一個(gè)很有天分的家伙和我一起管理這個(gè)公司, 在最初的幾年,公司運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的很好。但是后來(lái)我們對(duì)未來(lái)的看法發(fā)生了分歧, 最終我們吵了起來(lái)。當(dāng)爭(zhēng)吵不可開(kāi)交的時(shí)候, 董事會(huì)站在了他的那一邊。所以在三十歲的時(shí)候, 我被炒了。在這么多人的眼皮下我被炒了。在而立之年，我生命的全部支柱離自己遠(yuǎn)去, 這真是毀滅性的打擊。
在最初的幾個(gè)月里，我真是不知道該做些什么。我把從前的創(chuàng)業(yè)激情給丟了, 我覺(jué)得自己讓與我一同創(chuàng)業(yè)的人都很沮喪。我和David Pack和Bob Boyce見(jiàn)面，并試圖向他們道歉。
我把事情弄得糟糕透頂了。但是我漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)了曙光, 我仍然喜愛(ài)我從事的這些東西。蘋(píng)果公司發(fā)生的這些事情絲毫的沒(méi)有改變這些, 一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)有。我被驅(qū)逐了,但是我仍然鐘愛(ài)它。所以我決定從頭再來(lái)。
我當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有覺(jué)察, 但是事后證明, 從蘋(píng)果公司被炒是我這輩子發(fā)生的最棒的事情。因?yàn)椋鳛橐粋€(gè)成功者的極樂(lè)感覺(jué)被作為一個(gè)創(chuàng)業(yè)者的輕松感覺(jué)所重新代替: 對(duì)任何事情都不那么特別看重。這讓我覺(jué)得如此自由, 進(jìn)入了我生命中最有創(chuàng)造力的一個(gè)階段。
在接下來(lái)的五年里, 我創(chuàng)立了一個(gè)名叫NeXT的公司, 還有一個(gè)叫Pixar的公司, 然后和一個(gè)后來(lái)成為我妻子的優(yōu)雅女人相識(shí)。Pixar 制作了世界上第一個(gè)用電腦制作的動(dòng)畫(huà)電影——“”玩具總動(dòng)員”,Pixar現(xiàn)在也是世界上最成功的電腦制作工作室。
在后來(lái)的一系列運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)中,Apple收購(gòu)了NeXT, 然后我又回到了Apple公司。我們?cè)贜eXT發(fā)展的技術(shù)在Apple的復(fù)興之中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵的作用。我還和Laurence 一起建立了一個(gè)幸福的家庭。
我可以非?？隙?如果我不被Apple開(kāi)除的話, 這其中一件事情也不會(huì)發(fā)生的。這個(gè)良藥的味道實(shí)在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要這個(gè)藥。有些時(shí)候, 生活會(huì)拿起一塊磚頭向你的腦袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我無(wú)比鐘愛(ài)。你需要去找到你所愛(ài)的東西
。對(duì)于工作是如此, 對(duì)于你的愛(ài)人也是如此。你的工作將會(huì)占據(jù)生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是偉大的工作, 你才能怡然自得。如果你現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有找到, 那么繼續(xù)找、不要停下來(lái)、全心全意的去找, 當(dāng)你找到的時(shí)候你就會(huì)知道的。就像任何真誠(chéng)的關(guān)系, 隨著歲月的流逝只會(huì)越來(lái)越緊密。所以繼續(xù)找，直到你找到它，不要停下來(lái)!
我的第三個(gè)故事是關(guān)于死亡的。
當(dāng)我十七歲的時(shí)候, 我讀到了一句話:“如果你把每一天都當(dāng)作生命中最后一天去生活的話,那么有一天你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你是正確的。”這句話給我留下了深刻的印象。從那時(shí)開(kāi)始,過(guò)了33年,我在每天早晨都會(huì)對(duì)著鏡子問(wèn)自己:“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天, 你會(huì)不會(huì)完成你今天想做的事情呢?”當(dāng)答案連續(xù)很多次被給予“不是”的時(shí)候, 我知道自己需要改變某些事情了。
“記住你即將死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它幫我指明了生命中重要的選擇。因?yàn)閹缀跛械氖虑? 包括所有的榮譽(yù)、所有的驕傲、所有對(duì)難堪和失敗的恐懼,這些在死亡面前都會(huì)消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的東西。你有時(shí)候會(huì)思考你將會(huì)失去某些東西,“記住你即將死去”是我知道的避免這些想法的最好辦法。你已經(jīng)赤身裸體了, 你沒(méi)有理由不去跟隨自己的心一起跳動(dòng)。
大概一年以前, 我被診斷出癌癥。我在早晨七點(diǎn)半做了一個(gè)檢查, 檢查清楚的顯示在我的胰腺有一個(gè)腫瘤。我當(dāng)時(shí)都不知道胰腺是什么東西。醫(yī)生告訴我那很可能是一種無(wú)法治愈的癌癥, 我還有三到六個(gè)月的時(shí)間活在這個(gè)世界上。我的醫(yī)生叫我回家, 然后整理好我的一切, 那就是醫(yī)生準(zhǔn)備死亡的程序。那意味著你將要把未來(lái)十年對(duì)你小孩說(shuō)的話在幾個(gè)月里面說(shuō)完.;那意味著把每件事情都搞定, 讓你的家人會(huì)盡可能輕松的生活;那意味著你要說(shuō)“再見(jiàn)了”。
我整天和那個(gè)診斷書(shū)一起生活。后來(lái)有一天早上我作了一個(gè)活切片檢查，醫(yī)生將一個(gè)內(nèi)窺鏡從我的喉嚨伸進(jìn)去,通過(guò)我的胃, 然后進(jìn)入我的腸子, 用一根針在我的胰腺上的腫瘤上取了幾個(gè)細(xì)胞。我當(dāng)時(shí)很鎮(zhèn)靜,因?yàn)槲冶蛔⑸淞随?zhèn)定劑。但是我的妻子在那里, 后來(lái)告訴我，當(dāng)醫(yī)生在顯微鏡地下觀察這些細(xì)胞的時(shí)候他們開(kāi)始尖叫, 因?yàn)檫@些細(xì)胞最后竟然是一種非常罕見(jiàn)的可以用手術(shù)治愈的胰腺癌癥。我做了這個(gè)手術(shù), 現(xiàn)在我痊愈了。
那是我最接近死亡的時(shí)候, 我還希望這也是以后的幾十年最接近的一次。從死亡線上又活了過(guò)來(lái), 死亡對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，只是一個(gè)有用但是純粹是知識(shí)上的概念的時(shí)候，我可以更肯定一點(diǎn)地對(duì)你們說(shuō)：
沒(méi)有人愿意死, 即使人們想上天堂, 人們也不會(huì)為了去那里而死。但是死亡是我們每個(gè)人共同的終點(diǎn)。從來(lái)沒(méi)有人能夠逃脫它。也應(yīng)該如此。 因?yàn)樗劳鼍褪巧凶詈玫囊粋€(gè)發(fā)明。它將舊的清除以便給新的讓路。你們現(xiàn)在是新的, 但是從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始不久以后, 你們將會(huì)逐漸的變成舊的然后被清除。我很抱歉這很戲劇性, 但是這十分的真實(shí)。
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