托福寫作語(yǔ)料庫(kù)：公眾是否從藝術(shù)家處比政治領(lǐng)袖處獲利更多
我們?cè)趥淇纪懈５膶懽鞯臅r(shí)候可以積累一些精彩寫作語(yǔ)料，幫助我們拓展寫作思路。下面小編給大家?guī)?lái)托福寫作語(yǔ)料庫(kù)：公眾是否從藝術(shù)家處比政治領(lǐng)袖處獲利更多。祝福大家文思泉涌，妙筆生花，破題如竹。
托福寫作語(yǔ)料庫(kù)：公眾是否從藝術(shù)家處比政治領(lǐng)袖處獲利更多
【觀點(diǎn)類】
Society benefits more from works of great artists than from political leaders. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? 對(duì)比政治領(lǐng)袖，藝術(shù)家的工作可以使社會(huì)更加受益，是否認(rèn)同? (2013年9月28日北美)
【頭腦風(fēng)暴導(dǎo)言】
在美國(guó)歷史上，林肯為最偉大的總統(tǒng)之一，他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了對(duì)南方奴隸制度的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，頒布了《解放黑奴宣言》，維護(hù)了聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)一，為美國(guó)在19世紀(jì)后期躍居世界頭號(hào)工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)開辟了道路，使美國(guó)進(jìn)入了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)代，被稱為“偉大的解放者”。其在逆境中不屈不撓，帶領(lǐng)著民族向恢復(fù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和黑奴解放的偉大目標(biāo)前進(jìn)，因此，優(yōu)秀政治領(lǐng)袖的貢獻(xiàn)，是文體精英，藝術(shù)家無(wú)法比擬的。
【作家立場(chǎng)】：對(duì)比藝術(shù)家的貢獻(xiàn)，優(yōu)秀的政治家的作用對(duì)于社會(huì)的發(fā)展更大。
【文章布局】
首段：背景介紹 + 爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn) + 作家立場(chǎng)
二段：第一次支持作家立場(chǎng)
三段：第二次支持作家立場(chǎng)
細(xì)節(jié)拓展：政治家的作用——穩(wěn)定社會(huì)，打擊犯罪;完善法制;贏得人心——美國(guó)歷史——林肯的功德——簽署《解放黑奴宣言》——避免南北分裂。
四段：讓步段：藝術(shù)家也是對(duì)于社會(huì)有貢獻(xiàn)
細(xì)節(jié)拓展：藝術(shù)家的努力可以增強(qiáng)民族自豪感，藝術(shù)家的辛勤勞動(dòng)可以豐富人們的業(yè)余生活，啟迪智慧，陶冶情操。
尾段：再次亮明觀點(diǎn) + (總結(jié)理由)
【新東方網(wǎng)薛鵬思路拓展】：
反駁段：
1. 政治家為民選領(lǐng)袖，其職責(zé)就是要穩(wěn)定社會(huì)，繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)，健全法制，從而，使得人們安居樂業(yè)。杰出的政治領(lǐng)袖為國(guó)家的強(qiáng)大注入新鮮活力，增強(qiáng)國(guó)家在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，因此，其作用是任何社會(huì)精英無(wú)法比擬的。例如，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)克林頓，其國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策使美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展，人們生活水平日益提高，創(chuàng)造了8年克林頓經(jīng)濟(jì)的奇跡。
2. 這個(gè)爭(zhēng)議使我想起另外一個(gè)偉大的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)林肯。他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了對(duì)南方奴隸制度的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，頒布了《解放黑奴宣言》，維護(hù)了聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)一，為美國(guó)在19世紀(jì)后期躍居世界頭號(hào)工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)開辟了道路，使美國(guó)進(jìn)入了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)代，被稱為“偉大的解放者”。其在逆境中不屈不撓，帶領(lǐng)著民族向恢復(fù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和黑奴解放的偉大目標(biāo)前進(jìn)，因此，優(yōu)秀政治領(lǐng)袖的貢獻(xiàn)，更是藝術(shù)家無(wú)法比擬的。
讓步段：
但是，我不得不承認(rèn)的是：藝術(shù)家的辛苦努力，對(duì)于社會(huì)也是有價(jià)值的。其努力有助于各類藝術(shù)的健康發(fā)展和繁榮。藝術(shù)可以成為一個(gè)民族的信仰，增強(qiáng)民族凝集力和自豪感。另外，藝術(shù)家的成功帶來(lái)大量的藝術(shù)館以及美術(shù)館的建設(shè)，這些使人們的休閑生活更加多元化，給人們的生活增添更多的情趣。
【新東方網(wǎng)薛鵬原創(chuàng)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)】：
1. Perhaps no issue has led to such an endless debate as to whether or not the value of artists is superior to the counterpart of political leaders. 也許沒有什么像是否藝術(shù)家的價(jià)值優(yōu)越于政治領(lǐng)袖的價(jià)值一樣引起人們無(wú)休止的爭(zhēng)議。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：引導(dǎo)爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)的高分句型，避免寫作 some people think …… while some people think that ……
2. As I see it，eminent politicians have greater contribution to make for the good of the community，even though the work of artists can never be underrated. 我認(rèn)為，盡管藝術(shù)家工作不能被低估，杰出政治家的可以為社會(huì)福利做出更大的貢獻(xiàn)。
解析：the good of the community n 社會(huì)福利
解析：sth can never be underrated ……不能被低估
拓展：underrate = underestimate = undervalue v 低估
拓展：as I see it = personally speaking = to voice my opinion 我認(rèn)為
3. In comparison with the devotion of the artists，political leaders will，to a large extent，exert a far more profound influence on the happiness index of the citizens and the further development of a nation. 對(duì)比藝術(shù)的貢獻(xiàn)，政治領(lǐng)袖，在更大程度上，對(duì)于人們幸福指數(shù)的提高和國(guó)家的未來(lái)的發(fā)展有更加深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本句亦可為全文主題句。
解析：exert a far more profound influence on …… 對(duì)于……有更加深遠(yuǎn)的影響
4. A far-sighted and smart leader can greatly prosper the economy, which will create more job chances for the citizens. As a result, a nation will have more financial budget to reduce housing shortage, bettering medical service and even popularizing free education. 一個(gè)有眼光的聰明的政治家可以極大地有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，因此，可以創(chuàng)造更多就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。因此，一個(gè)國(guó)家就會(huì)有更多的財(cái)政預(yù)算去緩解住房短缺，改善醫(yī)療以及普及免費(fèi)的教育。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本句寫作政治家可以解決三大民生問題。
5. As the elective leaders，the obligations of politicians are to stabilize the society prosper the economy，optimize the law system and thus to make the citizens live and work in peace and contentment. 政治家為民選領(lǐng)袖，其職責(zé)就是要穩(wěn)定社會(huì)，繁榮經(jīng)濟(jì)，健全法制，從而，使得人們安居樂業(yè)。
解析：live and work in peace and contentment v安居樂于
6. The endeavors of extraordinary leaders can inject new vitality into the further mightiness of a country and then enhance a nation’s competiveness in the international area. In this sense, their roles can be matchless no matter how great contribution those social elites can make. 杰出的政治領(lǐng)袖為國(guó)家的強(qiáng)大注入新鮮活力，增強(qiáng)國(guó)家在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，因此，其作用是任何社會(huì)精英無(wú)法比擬的。
解析：inject new vitality into the further mightiness of a country v為國(guó)家的強(qiáng)大注入新鮮活力
解析：enhance a nation’s competiveness in the international area v提高國(guó)家在國(guó)際舞臺(tái)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力
解析：how great contribution those social elites can make. 無(wú)論社會(huì)精英做出多么大的社會(huì)貢獻(xiàn)
7. This debate reminds me an prominent American president, Lincoln. What he did ensured the unity of the USA and avoid the segregation of the great nation爭(zhēng)議使得我想起了卓越的美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)林肯。他的努力確保了美國(guó)的統(tǒng)一，避免了這個(gè)國(guó)家的分裂。
8. He successfully led the great war against the Southern slavery system 他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了對(duì)南方奴隸制度的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
9. The Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery in the United States.《解放黑奴宣言》廢除了美國(guó)的奴隸制。
解析：e (一個(gè))+ man(男人)+ cip(拿)+ ate(吃)= emancipate v 解放(正式的表達(dá))
趣味解讀：一個(gè)傷心的男人總是拿吃美食來(lái)自我解脫(小鵬哥虛擬構(gòu)詞法解析)
10. This momentous decree successfully safeguarded the integrity of the USA，which paved the way for American industrial superpower in the late 19 th century. 這一個(gè)意義深遠(yuǎn)的法令維護(hù)了聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)一。為美國(guó)在19世紀(jì)后期躍居世界頭號(hào)工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)開辟了道路。
11. Hence, America has entered a golden time in terms of economic development. 因此，美國(guó)進(jìn)入了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)代。
解析：in terms of 就……而言，在……方面
12. Lincoln remained tenacious even in time of adversity，he led his nation and people to make headway for a glorious aim of reuniting the nation and emancipating the slaves. 在逆境中他不屈不撓，帶領(lǐng)著民族向恢復(fù)國(guó)家統(tǒng)一和黑奴解放的偉大目標(biāo)前進(jìn)。
解析：lead sb to do sth v 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)某人去做……
解析：even in time of adversity 即使身處逆境
解析：remained tenacious v保持堅(jiān)韌頑強(qiáng)
解析：make headway for …… 向著……前進(jìn)
點(diǎn)評(píng)：托福寫作中和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，成功，領(lǐng)袖魅力相關(guān)的提問，語(yǔ)料庫(kù)是融會(huì)貫通的。
13. The contribution and efforts of various artists will enhance its citizens’ national pride. 藝術(shù)家的貢獻(xiàn)和努力可以增強(qiáng)國(guó)民的民族自豪感。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：如需細(xì)節(jié)展開，可舉例中國(guó)的書法，京劇，武術(shù)等。
解析：
calligraphy n書法
Beijing opera n京劇
marital art n武術(shù)
14 Various works of art can be considered as nation’s belief， which could strengthen a country’s cohesion. 各類藝術(shù)作品可以成為一個(gè)民族的信仰，增強(qiáng)民族凝集力。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：細(xì)節(jié)展開：中國(guó)的書法，京劇，武術(shù)等。
15. The devotion of the artists could bring about immense commercial value， by that I mean， the efforts of different artists could be beneficial to the nation’s economy be means of creating music, making films and attracting tourists. 藝術(shù)家的貢獻(xiàn)可以帶來(lái)巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值，換言之，各類藝術(shù)家的努力有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，藝術(shù)家們可以創(chuàng)造音樂，拍攝電影，吸引游客。
拓展：enrich people’s spiritual life v豐富人們的精神生活
16. An exhibition of works of art could not only provide visitors with visual enjoyment but also cultivate their artistic taste and enlighten their wisdom 藝術(shù)品展覽不僅可以給參觀者提供視覺享受，還可以培養(yǎng)他們的藝術(shù)美感，啟迪他們的智慧。
解析：…… can provide sb with visual enjoyment v 可以給……提供視覺享受(推薦背誦)
拓展：works of art = artwork n藝術(shù)品
17. Conversely, no matter how exquisite the artwork might be, they can only be kind of visual enjoyment, which is a luxury for many people who live in poverty. 相反的是，無(wú)論藝術(shù)家的工作多么的精湛，藝術(shù)品僅僅是視覺享受，對(duì)于貧困的人而言，是一種奢侈。
18. In closing , the pubic will benefit more from the successful political leaders rather than artists. 公眾們可以從成功的政治領(lǐng)袖中獲益更多，而不是藝術(shù)家。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：可以作為尾段的主題句
解析：尾段的寫作策略：再次亮明觀點(diǎn) + (總結(jié)理由)
托福寫作語(yǔ)料庫(kù)：個(gè)人衣裝是否可以反映其個(gè)性
【觀點(diǎn)類】個(gè)人衣裝是否可以反映其個(gè)性
Do you agree or disagree with the way a person dressed is a good indication of his/her personality or character? 一個(gè)人衣裝可以反映其個(gè)性，是否認(rèn)同?(2013年6月15日)
【頭腦風(fēng)暴】
楊瀾說(shuō)：“作為女人，你必須精致。這是女人的尊嚴(yán)?！?是的，沒有人有義務(wù)必須透過連你自己都毫不在意的邋遢外表去發(fā)現(xiàn)你優(yōu)秀的內(nèi)在，可見服飾對(duì)個(gè)人的意義。你，能夠給他人留下第一印象的機(jī)會(huì)只有一次，第一印象永遠(yuǎn)在那里。然而，成大事不拘小節(jié)?！办o水流深”說(shuō)的是“人不可以貌相?！币粋€(gè)人的美麗外表固然重要，但其內(nèi)在才華、氣質(zhì)和品格不是可以一眼洞察的，要日久見人心。
【作家立場(chǎng)】
不能簡(jiǎn)單認(rèn)為一個(gè)人的服裝可以完全反映其個(gè)性。第一印象有時(shí)是有誤導(dǎo)性的, 經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的觀察去判斷一個(gè)人才是值得推薦的。
【思路拓展】
① 激情性格的人喜歡穿時(shí)尚艷麗的服裝，然而，安靜性格的人喜歡穿樸素淺色的服裝。人們通常認(rèn)為衣裝整潔者是值得尊敬和彬彬有禮的。
②人不可以貌相，很多穿著職業(yè)裝的人卻有截然不同的個(gè)性。貧困者可能消費(fèi)不起高檔服飾，但是，這不會(huì)影響他是一個(gè)善良的人。
?、鄞蟛糠值挠靶窃诠娧壑锌赡芸雌饋?lái)都是激情四射和熱情洋溢的，但是，他們中很多人卻是性格內(nèi)斂，喜歡安靜的生活。
【文章布局】
首段：背景介紹 + 爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn) + 作家立場(chǎng)
二段：讓步原題觀點(diǎn)的合理性
三段：第一次反駁原題觀點(diǎn) + 細(xì)節(jié)展開
四段：第二次反駁原題觀點(diǎn) + 細(xì)節(jié)展開
尾段：再次亮明觀點(diǎn) + (總結(jié)理由)
【范文賞析】
【首段】爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn)+ 爭(zhēng)議焦點(diǎn) + 作家立場(chǎng)
Fine feather makes fine birds，which means that a well-dressed people never fails to leave the fondest impression on people around him or her. Some people assert that a person’s personality can be indicated by how he or she dresses. Perhaps no issue has led to such an endless debate as to whether or not a person’s character could be perfectly reflected by his or her appearance. As I see it, even though what one wears can convey some information about his or her character, a man must not be judged by his appearance.
【解析】
1. Fine feather makes fine birds. 人靠衣裝，美靠靚裝。
2. Perhaps no issue has led to such an endless debate as to whether or not …… 也許沒有什么像 …… 一樣引起人們無(wú)休止的爭(zhēng)議
3. As I see it, even though what one wears can convey some information about his or her character, a man must not be judged by his appearance. 我認(rèn)為，即使人的衣裝可以傳遞一些關(guān)于其個(gè)性的信息，但是，人不可以貌相。
【二段】讓步段：衣裝確實(shí)可以在一定程度上反映人的個(gè)性
Indeed, I have to concede that a neat appearance is an embodiment of a person’s qualities and personalities. For example, a passionate person tends to wear trendy and bright-colored clothes. Conversely, a quiet person likes to wear simple and light-colored clothes. Another positive aspect is that a well-dressed person is, in most cases, a respectable and well-mannered person，then，it will make people around him feel at ease, therefore， he is，in most people’s eyes，easy to associate and communicate with.
【解析】
1. Indeed, I have to concede that …… 的確，我不能不承認(rèn)的是……
2. A passionate person tends to wear trendy and bright-colored clothes 激情性格的人喜歡穿時(shí)尚艷麗的服裝。
3. A quiet person likes to wear simple and light-colored clothes. 安靜性格的人喜歡穿樸素淺色的服裝。
4. A well-dressed person is, in most cases, a respectable and well-mannered person 人們通常認(rèn)為衣裝整潔者是值得尊敬和彬彬有禮的。
5. is easy to associate and communicate with v 很容易和其交流和交往
【三段】反駁段：為何衣裝不能反映人的個(gè)性
Notwithstanding all that, we have to remember the old saying that we can never judge a book by its cover, so does the person. Some people have to dress the uniform when they embark on work, in this case, it seems that they look like conservative individuals, whereas they have distinct personalities, some are extraverted while others are introverted. Moreover, a person who is impoverished may fail to afford up-market clothes with his limited money, but it doesn’t mean that he is not a benevolent person. More precisely, he may be more humane and tender-hearted than a gentleman who looks graceful.
【解析】
1. We can never judge a book by its cover. 人不可以貌相
2. Whereas they have distinct personalities. 然而，他們擁有截然不同的個(gè)性。
3. up-market clothes n高檔的服裝
4. A person who is impoverished may fail to afford up-market clothes with his limited money, but it doesn’t mean that he is not a benevolent person. 貧困者可能消費(fèi)不起高檔服飾，但是，這不會(huì)影響他是一個(gè)善良的人。
5. He may be more humane and tender-hearted than a gentleman who looks graceful. 他也許比看起來(lái)優(yōu)雅的紳士更加仁慈和善良。
【四段】反駁段：為何衣著不能反映人的個(gè)性
Another convincing argument could also be easily explored. Most superstars seem to be very passionate and enthusiastic when they are presenting a performance in public, virtually, they are not all that kind of people. Some of them actually are quiet people who love to be in a silent atmosphere and live a simple life. So, appearance of a person cannot always indicate his or her personality.
【解析】
1. Most superstars seem to be very passionate and enthusiastic. 大部分的影星看起來(lái)都是激情四射和熱情洋溢的。
2. The appearance of a person cannot always indicate his or her personality. 個(gè)人的外表并非總能反映其性格。
【尾段】總結(jié)立場(chǎng)
In the final analysis, my stand is that a person’s personality cannot be merely judged by his or her outlooks. The initial impression sometimes might be misleading, it is highly recommended to judge a person after long period of observation.
【解析】
1. The initial impression sometimes might be misleading. 第一印象有時(shí)候是有誤導(dǎo)性的。
2. It is highly recommended to judge a person after long period of observation. 經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期的觀察去判斷一個(gè)人才是值得推薦的。
托福寫作語(yǔ)料庫(kù)：領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力為天生還是后天培養(yǎng)
【觀點(diǎn)類】
Talented people’s leadership is born naturally and can’t be learned by people. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力為天生，不可后天培養(yǎng)，是否認(rèn)同? (2012年2月11日)
【關(guān)鍵詞匯解讀】領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的內(nèi)涵可以指前瞻性，危機(jī)處理能力，自我決策能力，良好的口才，以身作則等等。
【作家立場(chǎng)】領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力非天生，而是可以被培養(yǎng)的。
【頭腦風(fēng)暴導(dǎo)言】
要在戰(zhàn)斗中學(xué)會(huì)戰(zhàn)斗。企業(yè)家要在實(shí)際經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)的過程中學(xué)習(xí)和積累領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力。競(jìng)技體育的魅力在于團(tuán)隊(duì)和合作，而非個(gè)人的強(qiáng)大，所以團(tuán)隊(duì)領(lǐng)袖理應(yīng)以身作則，激勵(lì)隊(duì)友，起到標(biāo)桿的作用。而團(tuán)隊(duì)的成敗，更多情況下，在于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的個(gè)人魅力和能力。
【例證拓展】
以文體明星為例，小皇帝勒布朗，在初入NBA的時(shí)候，表現(xiàn)出驚人的籃球天賦，但是依賴其個(gè)人力量，無(wú)法帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊(duì)走向勝利，所以他在成長(zhǎng)中不斷學(xué)習(xí)做領(lǐng)袖，其領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力是在和隊(duì)友的磨合中逐漸地積累和體現(xiàn)的。在總決賽中，主力隊(duì)員受傷退賽，其個(gè)人力量無(wú)法帶來(lái)團(tuán)隊(duì)走向勝利，他必須要以身作則，激勵(lì)和信任隊(duì)友，在隊(duì)友史密斯多次遠(yuǎn)投不中的情況下，依然對(duì)媒體宣稱，史密斯可以投籃100次，這極大地激勵(lì)了隊(duì)友的信心，鼓勵(lì)史密斯在后面的比賽中，表現(xiàn)突出，這就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的體現(xiàn)——激勵(lì)隊(duì)友，信任隊(duì)友，依賴團(tuán)隊(duì)的力量。
【例證拓展】
以企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)為例：生活的中的例證很多，很多成功的企業(yè)家在大學(xué)校園期間都有做社團(tuán)領(lǐng)袖的經(jīng)歷，這些做隊(duì)長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)歷幫助他們訓(xùn)練了危機(jī)處理，人際溝通，自我決策的能力，為后來(lái)的創(chuàng)業(yè)和拓展事業(yè)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。這個(gè)爭(zhēng)議使我想起了長(zhǎng)春新東方的校長(zhǎng)劉暢，他在26歲的時(shí)候競(jìng)聘成為校長(zhǎng)，創(chuàng)造長(zhǎng)春新東方業(yè)績(jī)的輝煌，其在大學(xué)時(shí)代做社團(tuán)領(lǐng)袖的經(jīng)歷對(duì)其事業(yè)的成功是有不可替代的影響的。
【新東方網(wǎng)薛鵬思路拓展】
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力為何非天生：
1. 教育應(yīng)該基于一種理念，任何人無(wú)論其天賦如何，都可以經(jīng)過后天的努力以及優(yōu)秀的指導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)到各種技能，當(dāng)然，這種技能也包括了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。
2. 毛主席說(shuō)：要在戰(zhàn)斗中學(xué)會(huì)戰(zhàn)斗。因此，實(shí)踐對(duì)于人的能力的培養(yǎng)起到關(guān)鍵作用，生活的例證很多，例如，很多企業(yè)精英都有在校園期間做社團(tuán)領(lǐng)袖的經(jīng)歷。
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力為何不可后天培養(yǎng)：
天才不可教，因?yàn)槿说幕虿煌熨x是有差異的，后天的發(fā)展也有差異。所謂：三歲看老，很多人從小就表現(xiàn)出天生的非凡領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力，這種天賦在成長(zhǎng)被不斷開發(fā)，最終，他們成為具有超強(qiáng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的人。相反，很多沒有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)天賦的人，無(wú)論后天多么努力，也無(wú)法做卓越領(lǐng)袖。
【新東方網(wǎng)薛鵬原創(chuàng)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)】
1. a charismatic leader n一個(gè)充滿魅力的領(lǐng)袖
解析：charisma n領(lǐng)導(dǎo)魅力
拓展：charismatic adj有魅力的
2. entrepreneurship n企業(yè)家能力
解析：entrepreneur(企業(yè)家)+ ship(名詞尾綴，表示“關(guān)系”)= entrepreneurship n企業(yè)家能力
3. extraordinary leadership n非凡的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力
拓展：prominent = eminent = extraordinary adj非凡的;杰出的
4. People’s leadership is in-born, which could not be acquired no matter how diligent one might be 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力是天生的，無(wú)論一個(gè)人多么勤奮，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力都是不能被后天培養(yǎng)的。
拓展：in-born = innate adj 天生的
5. The connotation of outstanding leadership may include a number of elements such as future-mindedness，crisis-solving ability，decision-making competence and so on. 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的能力包含很多元素，例如前瞻性，危機(jī)處理能力，自我決策能力等等。
拓展：connotation = meaning n 內(nèi)涵
6. Innate talents have a major part to play in the entire development of one’s leadership. 在個(gè)人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力全面發(fā)展的過程中，與生俱來(lái)的天賦發(fā)揮了重要作用。
解析：have a major part to play in = have a key role to play in v在……發(fā)揮重要作用
7. Perfect education should be based on such a belief that all people can effectively be taught to acquire different skills, including those associated with leadership 完美的教育應(yīng)該基于如下理念：所有人都可通過教育，學(xué)習(xí)不同的技能，包括和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力相關(guān)的技能。
解析：Perfect education should be based on such a belief that …… 完美的教育應(yīng)該基于如下的理念
8. From our real life, it is easy to find plenty of evidence to support the view that many successful business leaders climbed the promotional and financial ladder from the bottom by constantly learning how to be good leaders. 生活中可以找到很多的例證，許多的成功的企業(yè)領(lǐng)袖，不斷學(xué)習(xí)如何做領(lǐng)袖， 從底層奮斗，攀升事業(yè)和財(cái)富的階梯。
解析：by constantly learning how to be good leaders. 通過不斷地學(xué)習(xí)如何做領(lǐng)袖
9. Some extremely gifted leaders cannot be taught, no matter how excellent the teacher or how industrious the person might be. 杰出的領(lǐng)袖不可教，無(wú)論老師多么優(yōu)秀，個(gè)人多么勤奮。
拓展：industrious = diligent = hard-working adj 勤奮的
點(diǎn)評(píng)：讓步段可僅僅展開觀點(diǎn)，無(wú)需例證。
10. Some people might have leadership-related talents that are probably inherited via their genes. 有些人通過基因的遺傳獲得了和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力相關(guān)的才華。
解析：inherit v遺傳
拓展：via = by = by means of prep通過……
11. Less talented people can never manage to reach such a high level. 沒有天賦的人永遠(yuǎn)沒有辦法達(dá)到如此高的水平。
12. A less brilliant people stand few chances of becoming an efficient leaders simply by learning. 平凡人僅僅通過后天學(xué)習(xí)很少有機(jī)會(huì)成為高效領(lǐng)袖。
解析：efficient leaders n高效領(lǐng)袖
13. Every individual can acquire relevant capacities in terms of acting as an eminent leader with guided practice and continued endeavors. 任何人都可以通過指導(dǎo)性的練習(xí)和持續(xù)的努力學(xué)習(xí)如何到做好領(lǐng)袖的相關(guān)技能。
解析：continued endeavors n 持續(xù)的努力
14. Admirable leaders can be cultivated. If one has the determination and tenacity, he or she can become an effective leader by means of honest hard work 領(lǐng)袖是可以學(xué)習(xí)去做的，如果一個(gè)人有決定以及堅(jiān)韌，通過誠(chéng)實(shí)的努力，人是可以成為高效領(lǐng)袖。
解析：admirable leaders n 令人欽佩的領(lǐng)袖
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本句亮明作家立場(chǎng)
15. Outstanding leadership can be tapped and nurtured via a never-ending process of self-improvement, fine education, assiduous training, and rich experiences. 通過不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，教育，訓(xùn)練，實(shí)踐的過程，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力是可以被培養(yǎng)的。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本句重申作家立場(chǎng)。
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