托福寫作_論證不這樣做，會(huì)死很慘的
托福寫作中要如何寫好論證呢?下面小編就給大家分享一些小技巧，希望對(duì)你們有所幫助!
托福寫作 | 論證不這樣做，會(huì)死很慘的!
我們常聽說，任何事物都有對(duì)立面，有黑就有白，有長就有短，有誠實(shí)就有虛偽，有同意就有反對(duì)……等等等等。
同樣的，我們論證的一個(gè)話題(尤其是那種問你Do you agree or disagree即同意不同意的)，很明顯其實(shí)是存在兩種截然不同的立場的，我們只是選擇站在了其中一邊而已。那么這是不是就意味著與我們對(duì)立的一邊的聲音我們就不用去管它了呢?
當(dāng)然不是!你想，如果你完全不去了解對(duì)立方是怎么想怎么論證的，那就和自閉視聽，完全自說自話一樣了。咱們用常識(shí)想一想，這樣的態(tài)度在學(xué)術(shù)上能夠被接受嗎?肯定不行吧，因?yàn)閷W(xué)術(shù)的基本精神就是公正與客觀，君子和而不同，有啥不同意見咱們來討論，真理才能越辯越明(國內(nèi)常見的那種劣質(zhì)辯論就不提了……很多壓根就是罵街對(duì)吵)。所以既然考托福的同學(xué)們大多都是為了出國讀書，你覺得托福(換成雅思也一樣)會(huì)不關(guān)心這一條么?
那么，我們究竟應(yīng)該怎么做，才能在作文中體現(xiàn)出我們是有這種素質(zhì)，并且讓考官也能看到呢?主要在兩方面：
第一個(gè)方面，當(dāng)然就是如果你寫的是有明顯立場偏向的文章，別忘了在第二段或者倒數(shù)第二段安排一個(gè)小小的讓步段。什么叫讓步段呢?顧名思義，就是我在自己的立場上稍稍讓一小步，給對(duì)立的一方一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)空間，這樣顯得你看問題更加全面，又不失風(fēng)度，然后再補(bǔ)一句說他們的看法其實(shí)還是多多少少有問題的(沒錯(cuò)，讓步還有個(gè)很關(guān)鍵的功能其實(shí)為了最后再補(bǔ)一刀……)。咱們還是以地鐵為例(對(duì)，我就是愛地鐵)，我的立場是地鐵肯定是個(gè)好東西，但是我在文章的第二段或者倒數(shù)第二段，會(huì)這樣說：“當(dāng)然，我知道也有朋友認(rèn)為地鐵不咋地，因?yàn)樗麄兛赡苡X得地鐵網(wǎng)的覆蓋還不夠，有的地方去不了，或者修建成本高等等。不過總的來看，其實(shí)地鐵帶來的便利與優(yōu)勢(shì)，是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大過這些貌似的缺點(diǎn)的?！?此時(shí)對(duì)方最終倒地吐血而亡，成功拿下人頭)
第二個(gè)方面，就是具體每個(gè)論點(diǎn)展開論證的時(shí)候，除了講原因和結(jié)果。講一下如果情況相反，那么事情會(huì)變成什么樣子?例如官方指南上的一道例題，問誠實(shí)是否是最重要的品質(zhì)?在官方的滿分范文里，作者幾乎每說一兩句誠實(shí)的重要性，接著就會(huì)補(bǔ)一句不誠實(shí)有多么糟糕和令人不愉快。同理，你想說什么東西好，以后不妨都再說一說它的反面有多么不好。
這里插個(gè)小趣聞，我曾經(jīng)有機(jī)會(huì)聽過一次某保險(xiǎn)公司的內(nèi)部銷售培訓(xùn)(當(dāng)然我并不是說下面的內(nèi)容代表整個(gè)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)的培訓(xùn)哈)，他們里面有一個(gè)很重要的制造顧客購買焦慮的銷售技巧，就是除了從正面講這個(gè)產(chǎn)品哪里哪里好之外，還會(huì)繪聲繪色地引導(dǎo)顧客去想象如果沒有買這個(gè)產(chǎn)品，他們的生活會(huì)有多凄慘……(注意：很多被銷售的人其實(shí)都是在這個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)搖的，下次大家被銷售的時(shí)候，可以自我觀察下)
舉個(gè)例子，比如銷售小妹會(huì)告訴王阿姨，王姐啊，您想，如果您家里沒購買任何保險(xiǎn)，要是哪天您突然被檢查出癌癥了(呸!)，那你們家還不得賣房子給您治病啊?您想下，這樣子治病，不管治沒治好，以后家里的日子還怎么過啊?您兒子又還沒結(jié)婚，要是沒房子，不更找不到對(duì)象了么?以后您抱孫子的機(jī)會(huì)也更渺茫了……(說著說著銷售小妹自己哽咽了起來)王阿姨這一聽也感動(dòng)了，艾瑪，沒想到這個(gè)小妹妹這么為人著想啊，還連我兒子找媳婦的事情都操心了!嗯……小姑娘說的也不是沒道理，人不怕一萬就怕萬一嘛，咱就算是為兒子的將來考慮，給自己買個(gè)保險(xiǎn)也沒差!于是就那么愉快地買單了，搞不好以后還認(rèn)銷售小妹作了干女兒也說不一定呢……呃，扯遠(yuǎn)了……包括我們經(jīng)常在街上聽到的比較低級(jí)的叫賣，什么“不買錯(cuò)過等一年”等等，其實(shí)都是用到的這種論證方式。
所以你看，這些論證方法，是普適性的，既可以被于一些不那么正的路子(例如通過一些似是而非的論證操控或者煽動(dòng)他人的認(rèn)知)，也可以被用于學(xué)術(shù)這種造福人類的事情。它本身就是一種有效的思維工具，被用來干好事還是干壞事，取決于用的人是什么動(dòng)機(jī)。同時(shí)學(xué)好了，可以保證不會(huì)被別有用心的人忽悠。
其實(shí)看到這里，不知道大家注意到?jīng)]，包括我在寫這些文字的時(shí)候，其實(shí)也是用到了這些論證方法的。比如我就不僅從正面論證告訴你為什么寫托福作文要講方法，講了方法會(huì)怎樣，然后不講論證方法的話又會(huì)吃多少虧還不知道為什么，然后每個(gè)具體的論證方法又繼續(xù)再按照這個(gè)方式展開……發(fā)現(xiàn)沒?滿滿都是套路啊~所以還是那句話，在糾結(jié)托福寫作用什么語言之前，先通過中文把自己腦袋里的思路理清楚理順溜，你的大作文就已經(jīng)成功了一半~
托福寫作高分成績四大錯(cuò)誤影響因素
錯(cuò)誤一：語言絕對(duì)化
根據(jù)能量守恒定律(Law of energy conservation)，即“各種能量形式互相轉(zhuǎn)換是有方向和條件限制的，能量相互轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)其量值不變，表明能量不能被創(chuàng)造或消滅”，人們?cè)谑褂谜Z言描述事物變化時(shí)，應(yīng)盡可能避免語言過于絕對(duì)化，尤其是在使用第二語言進(jìn)行正式的書面表述時(shí)，更應(yīng)該注意該語言中非絕對(duì)化表達(dá)方式的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣才能盡顯文章內(nèi)容的客觀性。
這是絕大多數(shù)中國考生在面對(duì)托福寫作時(shí)所忽視的，大家可以對(duì)比如下兩組句子：
This tends to occur whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.
This occurs whenever there is a downturn in commodity prices.
A child learning a foreign language at primary school causes confusion between their native language and the foreign one.
A child learning a foreign language at primary school is likely to cause confusion between their native language and the foreign one.
為解決該問題，一些表達(dá)委婉語氣的用語和句式，考生可以嘗試使用，如：may, might, would, could, largely, possibly, probably, be likely (unlikely) to, be inclined to, tend to, to a large (some) extent, there is a higher probability/possibility that…等。
錯(cuò)誤二: 只回答部分問題
遇到此類考題，考生可以將全文分為四個(gè)段落，除去開頭和結(jié)尾段，主體兩個(gè)段落分別回答一個(gè)問題，即第二段回答產(chǎn)生該現(xiàn)象的“原因”，第三段選取積極或消極任何一面展開論述。
錯(cuò)誤三：容易跑題
避免該問題，首先，在積累詞匯階段，考生應(yīng)連同其同義詞準(zhǔn)確記憶;其次，由于每年的考題重復(fù)率相對(duì)較高，所以，如果時(shí)間允許，考生可以在練習(xí)階段把近幾年題目通讀一遍，準(zhǔn)確理解題目內(nèi)容。
錯(cuò)誤四：文章沒有分段或分段不充分
托福作文應(yīng)按照論文的寫作格式分段，即有開頭段，結(jié)尾段和由兩到三段構(gòu)成的主體段落。不論是四段式還是五段式，考生只要進(jìn)行合理的分段，就能滿足考試在邏輯性方面的要求。
托福獨(dú)立寫作范文：人不知足
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have; they always want something more or something different. Use specific reasons to support your answer.
I think it's probably true that people are never satisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something different from what is theirs. This just seems to be part of our human nature. Look at a toddler. Give her a toy to play with and she's happy-until she sees something eke. Then she wants that other toy to play with. If she and her brother are each given a cookie, she'll look to see whose cookie is bigger. She'll protest loudly if she thinks her brother is getting more.
"The grass is always greener" is an old expression, but it's a good expression of how many of us feel. We're always striving for a better job, a nicer place to live, a fancier car, or more expensive clothes. Part of this reaching for more and better is because we care about what other people think and want to impress them. Part of it is trying to make ourselves feel successful. But there's also something in our nature that tells us we can do better and reach higher.
This isn't always a negative quality. There's another saying: "A man's reach should exceed his grasp, or what's a heaven for?" It's a good thing to be constantly pushing ourselves and looking for something different. If we don't try for more and different things, we begin to, stagnate, like a pool that doesn't get any fresh water.
The problem comes when we won't let ourselves be satisfied with anything we have. If we have a comfortable life and still feel as if something's missing, then we need to look inward. The something that's missing may be in our spirit.
托福獨(dú)立寫作范文：對(duì)人印象判斷
Some people trust their first impressions about a person's character because they believe these judgments are generally correct. Other people do not judge a person's character quickly because they believe first impressions are often wrong. Compare these two attitudes. Which attitude do you agree with? Support your choice with specific examples.
In our daily life, we will always be told a wealth of such cases as a guy who has fallen into love with a girl at the first sight, one of your friends who impresses your mother deeply on his or her first visit to your house and then is treated exceptionally well by your hard-to-be-pleased mother, and even the applicant who attracts to the HRM (human resources manager) immediately at the first sight of the interview and then is easily employed, to name just a few. All of the above-
mentioned cases tell us many people in the world trust the first impressions of a person, his or her character, her conduct and her eloquence, etc., all of which he or she displays at each other's first meet. But is all that he or she displays, or all that you understand through what he or she displays or hints correct or just a blur image which needs to be proved in the later days?
Before we get the question to be treated, let’s think of the most probable (not absolutely) results of the cases mentioned in the first paragraph:
The guy who has just experienced the above-said romance has to say goodbye to his newly-known girlfriend because later on he finds out that the girl is not as good as she looks; the friend of yours who has just won your hard-to-be-pleased mother's trust is criticized by your mother because of his or her great incoherency in the manners, and even the newly-employed employee is dismissed because of he is not telling the truth in his resume. Till now, do you still think the first impressions of a person’s character are dependable?
Psychologically, in our head we had a very perfect image of a person, of course, which varies from one another owing to his of her specific experiences, education and family background, his or her own opinion about a special view, etc. and when such a person as confirms with the image in our head pretty congruently presents, we will, to great extent, overestimate or even exaggerate the his or her merits, while omit the shortcomings as we can help it. Maybe this is the psychological reason, thus we can ourselves lead to the answer to the question referred above that the first impressions of a person are generally incorrect and also irresponsible for yourself.
In a word, to judge a person needs time and the first-sight impression is always undependable.
托福寫作 | 論證不這樣做，會(huì)死很慘的相關(guān)文章：
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