揭露托福閱讀的隱藏陷阱培養(yǎng)做題的“感覺”

時(shí)間：2020-07-25 10:30:52 楚薇0由分享

托福閱讀考試中陷阱重重，我們必須做好全面的準(zhǔn)備才能順利過關(guān)。了解了ETS在設(shè)計(jì)題目時(shí)所使用的小陷阱，我們才可以很好地做到事半功倍。下面跟小編一起看看怎樣解決托福閱讀的陷阱吧。

揭露托福閱讀的隱藏陷阱培養(yǎng)做題的“感覺”

新托福閱讀考試中絕大部分題目都是對(duì)應(yīng)具體段落的，這會(huì)為考生節(jié)省很多時(shí)間。但是也不排除有少量題目的范圍比較大或比較模糊，考生在尋找答案時(shí)難免一頭霧水，費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力。其實(shí)這些看似沒有明確定位方向的題目都是暗藏玄機(jī)的。

Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.

Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.

Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?

A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.

B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.

C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.

D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.

這個(gè)題目的題干涉及到三個(gè)段落，而事實(shí)上考生根本不需要去看第一段的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)榇鸢敢罁?jù)的是第三、四段的信息，但是這兩個(gè)段落如果都看的話內(nèi)容也不少，從應(yīng)試的角度來說太費(fèi)時(shí)間。正確的做法應(yīng)該是從選項(xiàng)中挖掘一下方向。A項(xiàng)里大家一般都會(huì)選擇有連字符的coal-fired作為關(guān)鍵詞去定位，B項(xiàng)沒有比較顯眼的詞就只能選名詞短語remote areas，C項(xiàng)選1 percent， D項(xiàng)選the United States。選完關(guān)鍵詞我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)除了B項(xiàng)不大好定位以外，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞都很醒目。

經(jīng)過定位，A項(xiàng)應(yīng)該去比對(duì)第3段的第一句話，意思明顯矛盾;B項(xiàng)不好找，可以暫且跳過;C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞在這兩段都找不到，這就屬于新托福閱讀中推理題的錯(cuò)誤答案設(shè)計(jì)方法之一 —— 無中生有。所以雖然我們沒有去驗(yàn)證B項(xiàng)的說法是否正確，但經(jīng)過排除也只能選B了。這樣的做題方法就會(huì)省時(shí)省力，且答案也是正確的。在考試中，這種情況往往會(huì)影響考生的心情，進(jìn)而影響水平的發(fā)揮，但是只要我們了解了ETS出題的套路就能把它們輕松搞定。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句：早期社會(huì)儀式感

今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness. (48,TPO1)

cease /si?s/ v. 停止，中止

well-being n. 幸福;(尤指) 健康

retain /r?'te?n/ v. 保持或保留;

我是分解線，大家先自己分析哦

For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites (essential to their well-being) and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained (as parts of their oral tradition) the myths (that had grown up around the rites) and admired them (for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.)

分析：

修飾一：(essential to their well-being)，修飾rites，

中文：對(duì)于他們的幸福健康是必要

修飾二：(as parts of their oral tradition) ，介詞短語，修飾myths，這里有一個(gè)短語retain…as，本來myths要放在retained之后，但是由于myths后面有從句，賓語較長(zhǎng)，所以置后了，大家要注意這里語序的問題。

中文：作為它們口頭傳統(tǒng)的部分

修飾三：(that had grown up around therites) ，從句，修飾myths

中文：從儀式里發(fā)展出來的

修飾四：(for their artistic qualitiesrather than for their religious usefulness. ) ，介詞短語，修飾them，這里有一個(gè)很重要短語rather than，表示而不是

中文：因?yàn)樗麄兊乃囆g(shù)性而不是宗教用途

主干：they retained the myths

參考翻譯：

例如，一些早期社會(huì)不再認(rèn)為某些儀式對(duì)于他們的幸福健康是必要的，便取消了那些儀式，但是，他們保留了那些從儀式里發(fā)展出來的神話作為口頭傳統(tǒng)的一部分，并因?yàn)樗麄兊乃囆g(shù)性而不是宗教用途而喜愛它們。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是介詞短語、從句，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句：蓄水層

今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：

Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year. (41, TPO3)

aquifer /'?kw?f?/ n. 含水土層

semiarid /?sem(a)?'?r?d/ adj. 半干旱的

我是分解線，大家先自己分析哦

Estimates indicate (that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron), but unfortunately, (under the semiarid climatic conditions) (that presently exist in the region), rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, (amounting to about half a centimeter a year. )

分析：

修飾一：(under the semiarid climatic conditions)，介詞短語，修飾后面紅色主干部分

中文：在半干旱氣候條件下

修飾二：(that presently exist in the region)，從句，修飾conditions

中文：現(xiàn)在存在于這個(gè)地區(qū)

修飾三：(amounting to about half a centimeter a year. ) ，非謂語動(dòng)詞，修飾前面紅色主干

中文：總計(jì)大約一年50毫米

主干：rates ofaddition to the aquifer are minimal

中文：蓄水層的補(bǔ)水率很小

參考翻譯：

估計(jì)表明：蓄水層包含充足的水去填滿Huron湖。但很不幸，在目前這個(gè)地區(qū)半干旱氣候條件下，蓄水層的補(bǔ)水率很小，總計(jì)大約一年50毫米。

這個(gè)句子的主要修飾成分就是介詞短語、從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞，大家務(wù)必想清楚，每一個(gè)修飾成分修飾的是什么，才能看清楚這個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句100句：甘薯的傳播

今天我們來看這樣一個(gè)句子：

As Patrick Kirch, an American anthropologist, points out, rather than being brought by rafting South Americans, sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back by returning Polynesian navigators who could have reached the west coast of South America. (39, TPO5)

anthropologist /?nθr?'p?l?d??st/ n. 人類學(xué)家

rather than prep. 而不是

raft /rɑ?ft/ n. 筏 v. 用筏子載運(yùn)(人或貨物)

navigator /'n?v?ge?t?/ n. 航行者，航海者;領(lǐng)航員，導(dǎo)航員;導(dǎo)航儀

我是分界線，大家先自己分析哦。

As Patrick Kirch, (an American anthropologist), points out, (rather than being brought by rafting South Americans), sweet potatoes might just have easily been brought back (by returning Polynesian navigators) (who could have reached the west coast of South America. )

分析：

修飾一：(an American anthropologist)，同位語，修飾Patrick Kirch

中文：美國(guó)人類學(xué)家

修飾二：(rather than being brought byrafting South Americans)，介詞短語，rather than是托福閱讀里一個(gè)高頻短語啊，大家記住它是一個(gè)介詞，表示“而不是”

中文：不是南美人用筏運(yùn)來的

修飾三：(by returning Polynesiannavigators)，介詞短語，修飾bringback

中文：玻利尼西亞返航者

修飾四：(who could have reached the westcoast of South America. ) ，從句，修飾navigators

中文：已經(jīng)去過南美西海岸

主干：sweetpotatoes might just have easily been brought back

參考翻譯：

正如美國(guó)人類學(xué)家Patrick Kirch所指出的，甘薯并不是南美人用筏運(yùn)來的，而是通過已經(jīng)去過南美西海岸的玻利尼西亞返航者很方便就帶來了。