托福閱讀如何才算是高水平

托福閱讀作為英語(yǔ)閱讀其實(shí)在很多方面大家理解都有問題，有的時(shí)候看的看不懂托福閱讀文章并不是單純的詞匯量問題，而做的對(duì)做不對(duì)托福閱讀試題也不是簡(jiǎn)單的理解問題，下面來看看托福閱讀如何才算是高水平。

托福閱讀如何才算是高水平

在我們傳統(tǒng)的觀念里，認(rèn)為一個(gè)人英語(yǔ)好，最直觀的就是口語(yǔ)好，說起來英文跟美國(guó)人說的一樣。具體一點(diǎn)，就是做題“正確”，分?jǐn)?shù)高。對(duì)于正確的理解，粗看上去很簡(jiǎn)單。前面一個(gè)人說How are you doing? 第二個(gè)人說I am great.這就是最簡(jiǎn)單的正確。

但是如果第二個(gè)人說：“I am 心里不爽”。這就是錯(cuò)的。當(dāng)然，錯(cuò)的方式還有很多比如說回答“I am a student.”這就是理解錯(cuò)。“I am greatly!”這就是語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)。我們之前的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)可以說都是糾結(jié)在語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)這一點(diǎn)上。但是反過來，問一個(gè)問題，如果第二個(gè)人回答“I am fine.”或者“I am good.”這算錯(cuò)么?顯然這不算錯(cuò)誤。當(dāng)我們明確這一點(diǎn)之后，下面就好理解了。

首先，托福閱讀試題考察的，就是你是否理解“I am fine.”或者“I am good.”的準(zhǔn)確意思。準(zhǔn)備聽力和托福閱讀的一切時(shí)間，都要花在讓自己快速準(zhǔn)確的理解托福閱讀文章或者原文上。這就是新托福考試閱讀和聽力的規(guī)律。當(dāng)然，你會(huì)覺得這一點(diǎn)很簡(jiǎn)單，那么試著來翻譯一下托福閱讀里的這句話試試，看看你能不能在30秒之內(nèi)翻譯準(zhǔn)確。It is said that the public and Congressional concern about deceptive packaging rumpus started because Senator Hart discovered that the boxes of cereals consumed by him, Mrs. Hart, and their children were becoming higher and narrower, with a decline of weight from 12 to 10 1/2 ounces, without any reduction in price.

正確的疑問應(yīng)該是：據(jù)說：公眾和議會(huì)對(duì)于欺騙性包裝的喧囂的擔(dān)心開始了，因?yàn)閰⒆h員哈特發(fā)現(xiàn)，他與他的妻子和孩子所購(gòu)買的那些谷物的盒子正在越來越高越來越窄，重量從12盎司減少到10.5盎司，但是在價(jià)格上卻沒有任何的減少。

可能錯(cuò)誤的點(diǎn)：1 是“擔(dān)心”開始，而不是“喧囂”開始。 2 consume不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而是一個(gè)后置定語(yǔ)。3 這里并不是妻子和孩子越來越高，越來越瘦，而是麥片的盒子越來越高，越來越瘦。

托福閱讀背景知識(shí)：怎樣同時(shí)保持好心情和好記憶

Being in a good mood decreases the brain's working memory， US researchers say.

“This explains why you might not be able to remember a phone number you get at a party when you are having a good time，” Elizabeth Martin， a doctoral student of psychology at the University of Missouri， says in a statement. “This research is the first to show that positive mood can negatively impact working memory storage capacity.”

The researchers gauged study participants’ mood before and after showing them a video clip - some saw a bit of a stand-up comedy routine， while others saw a video on how to install flooring.

Those who viewed the comedy routine were in significantly better moods after viewing the video， while the mood of flooring group had not changed. Both groups were then given a memory test.

The study， published in the journal Cognition and Emotion， found those who watched the comedy routine performed significantly worse on the task.

美國(guó)研究人員稱，好心情可能會(huì)降低大腦的工作記憶(屬程序性記憶、短時(shí)記憶，是一種短暫時(shí)刻的知覺)能力。

“這就能解釋為什么明明在派對(duì)上玩得很開心，卻記不住從派對(duì)上得到的電話號(hào)碼，”密蘇里大學(xué)心理學(xué)博士伊麗莎白馬丁在一份報(bào)告中指出?！霸撗芯渴状握f明，積極情緒有損于工作記憶容量?！?/p>

研究人員在受試者觀看視頻片段前后對(duì)其情緒進(jìn)行了測(cè)量。其中一部分受試者所看的是輕松喜劇節(jié)目，另一些人所看的視頻則關(guān)于如何鋪地板。

那些看了喜劇的受試者觀后情緒更佳，而“地板視頻”受試者觀前觀后情緒并無(wú)波動(dòng)。兩組都接受了記憶測(cè)試。

此項(xiàng)刊登于《認(rèn)知與情感》雜志的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，觀看了喜劇的受試者在記憶測(cè)試中表現(xiàn)明顯差于另一組受試者。

托福閱讀背景知識(shí)：愛逛街的男人更長(zhǎng)壽

It may come as old news to many women， but it seems a bit of retail therapy really is good for you.

A day at the shops can help you live longer， says a study.

And surprisingly， the benefits are actually greater for men.

The study even suggests the long-term survival benefits of shopping are better than going to the gym.

Seeing friends and just people-watching can stave off loneliness and improve psychological health， suggests research published online in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

It looked at almost 1，850 people aged 65 and over living independently at home in Taiwan， who were asked how often they went shopping.

The researchers then tracked how long each of the participants lived by linking individuals to national death registration data between 1999 and 2008.

They found those who shopped daily lived longer than those who shopped less frequently， even after taking account of people’s physical or other health problems.

Going to the shops every day cut the chances of a participant dying during the period of the study by more than a quarter compared with those who don’t shop regularly.

Older men who frequently popped out to the shops had the best survival record， with a reduction of 28 per cent in their chances of dying， while older women saw slightly less benefit with a 23 per cent cut in dying.

Researchers led by Dr Yu-Hung Chang at the National Health Research Institutes， in Zhunan， Taiwan， accept that those who shopped regularly may have been in better health to begin with.

They said： 'An elder who shops less for food would be at risk of poorer diet quality necessary to maintain health. A vicious cycle that involves limited shopping and poor diet could evolve for elders.'

But the study added： ‘In shopping venues， socialising with， or watching others can provide social and mental benefits.

‘Compared with other types of leisure-time physical activity， like formal exercise， which usually requires motivation and sometimes professional instruction， shopping is easier to undertake and maintain.’

托福閱讀背景知識(shí)：鯊魚的視覺系統(tǒng)

Wearing a light blue wetsuit that matches the colour of the sea will make you less likely to become the victim of a shark attack， according to researchers. Sharks are completely colour blind and only see things clearly if they are mostly light or dark， scientists have claimed. In a breakthrough that could prove hugely beneficial to divers navigating shark-filled waters， scientists found that the predator - like dolphins， seals and whales - is unable to distinguish between colours. Costumes or wetsuits that camouflage swimmers' bodies in the sea water are less likely to draw a shark's attention than ones with bright， solid colours than emphasise their outline.

Professor Nathan Hart， from the University of Western Australia， said： 'It’s the high contrast against the water rather than the colour itself which is probably attractive to sharks. 'So you should wear perhaps more muted colours or colours that match the background in the water better.' The researchers examined the eyes of dead sharks and found they had only one type of photoreceptor in the retina， indicating they could only see in monochrome.

The U.S. Navy has conducted tests that suggested sharks were able to see yellow most clearly. The tests had been to see what would be the best colour for the lifejackets that pilots wear in case they have to eject and splash down in the ocean. Professor Hart said it was more the high contrast of yellow， not the colour itself， that would increase the visibility for sharks. He said： 'It may be possible to design swimming attire and surf craft that have a lower visual contrast to sharks and are therefore less attractive to them.' The study by researchers at the University of Western Australia and the University of Queensland， is to be published in the German nature journal Natur wissenschaften (Science of Nature).

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