托福閱讀很差該怎么提高
想要在閱讀中取得高分首先我們需要有超強的理解能力，看到閱讀文章能夠快速找到文章的主題內(nèi)容，幫助我們進(jìn)行答題，今天小編主要給大家分享托福閱讀很差該怎么提高，希望對你們有幫助!
托福閱讀很差該怎么提高
1、直的原則
“直”主要是指托福閱讀在思維上要直截了當(dāng)，所有題目的答案都基于原文內(nèi)容，相應(yīng)的位置可以在文章中找到。這個原則主要是提醒大家，解題必須以原文內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ)，很多考生可能認(rèn)為題目太復(fù)雜，從而給自己增加了更大的難度，事實上，只要找到題目的關(guān)鍵詞回到原文來判斷就可以了。
例如，解細(xì)節(jié)題有兩個關(guān)鍵點：一是將問題的關(guān)鍵詞提取出來，作為定位詞返回到原文的某個范圍;二是將選擇的內(nèi)容與原文進(jìn)行比較，往往都會出現(xiàn)同義替換，考生必須注意。
2、細(xì)的原則
“細(xì)”是指考生在找原文的答案范圍時必須細(xì)心，定位原文的解題方法是常用的一種方法，但題目中的關(guān)鍵詞可能在文章中出現(xiàn)不止一次，所以提醒大家要細(xì)心，找出原文中包含關(guān)鍵詞的句子，然后根據(jù)選擇的內(nèi)容做出必要的選擇，選擇意義最接近的選項來定位答案范圍，進(jìn)而判斷正確答案。許多考生可能以為不夠細(xì)心，覺得找到了答案，因此錯過了正確的答案。
3.巧的原則
“巧”的意思是考生應(yīng)該在定位過程中選擇最合適的關(guān)鍵詞，巧主要體現(xiàn)在:
(1)題目位置關(guān)鍵詞通常包括人名、地名、數(shù)字、名詞或動詞等，當(dāng)考生返回原文位置時，可以使用多個關(guān)鍵字同時定位，包含有題目關(guān)鍵詞的原文內(nèi)容的位置最有可能是答案的位置;
(2)在定位過程中，我們也可以使用一些特殊的符號、數(shù)字、專有名詞等具有鮮明特征的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行跳讀，題目中的關(guān)鍵詞往往會在這些標(biāo)記信息附近;
(3)托福閱讀經(jīng)常考查一些邏輯上密切相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，如轉(zhuǎn)折點、比較、否定、因果關(guān)系等，所以大家也可以在定位的過程中使用這些考點來定位。
托福閱讀TPO31第2篇:Early Children Education
【1】Preschools—educational programs for children under the age of five—differ significantly from one country to another according to the views that different societies hold regarding the purpose of early childhood education. For instance, in a cross-country comparison of preschools in China, Japan, and the United States, researchers found that parents in the three countries view the purpose of preschools very differently. Whereas parents in China tend to see preschools primarily as a way of giving children a good start academically, Japanese parents view them primarily as a way of giving children the opportunity to be members of a group. In the United States, in comparison, parents regard the primary purpose of preschools as making children more independent and self-reliant, although obtaining a good academic start and having group experience are also important.
【2】While many programs designed for preschoolers focus primarily on social and emotional factors, some are geared mainly toward promoting cognitive gains and preparing preschoolers for the formal instruction they will experience when they start kindergarten. In the United Stated, the best-known program designed to promote future academic success is Head Start. Established in the 1960s when the United States declared the War on Poverty, the program has served over 13 million children and their families. The program, which stresses parental involvement, was designed to serve the “whole child”, including children’s physical health, self-confidence, social responsibility, and social and emotional development.
【3】Whether Head Start is seen as successful or not depends on the lens through which one is looking. If, for instance, the program is expected to provide long-term increases in IQ (intelligence quotient) scores, it is a disappointment. Although graduates of Head Start programs tend to show immediate IQ gains, these increases do lot last. On the other hand, it is clear that Head Start is meeting its goal of getting preschoolers ready for school. Preschoolers who participate in Head Start are better prepared for future schooling than those who do not. Furthermore, graduates of Head Start programs have better future school grade. Finally, some research suggests that ultimately Head Start graduates show higher academic performance at the end of high school, although the gains are modest.
【4】In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more like to complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduated reached the age of 27.
【5】The most recent comprehensive evaluation of early intervention programs suggests that, taken as a group, preschool programs can provide significant benefits, and that government funds invested early in life may ultimately lead to a reduction in future costs. For instance, compared with children who did not participate in early intervention programs, participants in various programs showed gains in emotional or cognitive development, better educational outcomes, increased economic self-sufficiency, reduced levels of criminal activity, and improved health-related behaviors. Of course, not every program produced all these benefits, and not every child benefited to the same extent. Furthermore, some researchers argue that less-expensive programs are just as good as relatively expensive ones, such as Head Start. Still, the results of the evaluation were promising, suggesting that the potential benefits of early intervention can be substantial.
【6】Not everyone agrees that programs that seek to enhance academic skills during the preschool years are a good thing. In fact, according to developmental psychologist David Elkind, United States society tends to push children so rapidly that they begin to feel stress and pressure at a young age. Elkind argues that academic success is largely dependent upon factors out of parents’ control, such as inherited abilities and a child’s rate of maturation. Consequently, children of a particular age cannot be expected to master educational material without taking into account their current level of cognitive development. In short, children require development appropriate educational practice, which is education that is based on both typical development and the unique characteristics of a given child.
托福閱讀TPO31第2篇題目:Early Children Education
1.According to paragraph l, parents in Japan tend to think of preschool primarily as a place where children can
A.get a good academic start.
B.expand their emotional development.
C.become more independent.
D.experience being part of a group.
2.The word "Whereas" in the passage is closet in meaning to
A.Although.
B.Because.
C.Moreover.
D.Already.
3.The word "focus" in the passage is closet in meaning to
A.consider.
B.respect.
C.concentrate.
D.advise.
4.It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the Head Start program was designed to serve children who
A.come from families that do not have a lot of money.
B.are not doing very well in kindergarten.
C.were born in the 1950s.
D.need programs that focus primarily on social and emotional factors.
5.According to paragraph 3, the Head Start program had NOT been successful at which of the following?
A.Helping children adjust to school.
B.Providing long-term increase in IQ scores.
C.Improving school performance throughout high school.
D.Preventing children from being placed in special-education classes.
6.In paragraph 4，the author mentions the "results from other types of readiness programs" to
A.provide support for the idea that preschool readiness programs have been somewhat successful.
B.question the idea that Head Start is more effective than other preschool readiness programs.
C.indicate school completion is usually the most reliable indicator of success in most readiness programs.
D.emphasize that participation in readiness programs can be increased if costs are reduced.
7.According to paragraph 4, a cost-benefit analysis of one preschool readiness program revealed that
A.only one dollar's worth of benefit was gained for every seven dollars spent on the program.
B.the benefits of the program lasted only until the participants reached age 27.C.taxpayers saved seven dollars for every dollars spent on the program.
D.to be successful, the program would need to receive about seven times as much money as it currently receives.
8.The word "comprehensive" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.easily understood.
B.thorough.
C.respectable.
D.objective.
9.Paragraph 5 mentions that participants in early intervention programs have been shown to do all of the following better than nonparticipants EXCEPT
A.Take care of there health.
B.Support themselves financially.
C.Take care of their own children.
D.Have increased emotional development.
10.According to paragraph 5, which of the following is true about the benefits of early intervention programs?
A.These programs produce good short-term benefits but few long-term benefits.
B.Only the most expensive programs provide substantial benefits.
C.The Head Start program provides a range of benefits that no other program can provide.
D.Some children benefit more than others do from these programs.
11.The word "seek" in the passage is closet in meaning to
A.claim.
B.manage.
C.fail.
D.attempt.
12.The passage mentions "developmental psychologist David Elkind" in order to
A.give an example of an expert who has designed an effective early childhood education program.
B.introduce an alternative view about the value of early childhood education.
C.explain why early childhood education programs are less effective in the United States than in other countries.
D.refute the claim that academic success is dependent on factors outside parents' control.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? According Elkind, not only does this cause the child emotional distress, it also fails to bring the intended cognitive gains.
Not everyone agrees that programs that seek to enhance academic skills during the preschool years are a good thing. ■【A】 In fact, according to developmental psychologist David Elkind, United States society tends to push children so rapidly that they begin to feel stress and pressure at a young age. ■【B】 Elkind argues that academic success is largely dependent upon factors out of parents'control, such as inherited abilities and a child's rate of maturation. ■【C】Consequently, children of a particular age cannot be expected to master educational material without taking into account their current level of cognitive development. ■【D】ln short, children require development appropriate educational practice, which is education that is based on both typical development and the unique characteristics of a given child.
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passages or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Preschool programs provide opportunities for young children to develop socially, emotionally, and cognitively.
A.In addition to stressing academic development, preschools should be enjoyable, since studies show that children benefit from programs they find fun.
B.Preschool programs such as Head Start have been shown to help prepare children for school and may also have long-team benefits in helping children become effective adults.
C.Studies have shown that preschool programs are most effective when they focus on only one area of development rather than trying to serve the "whole child".
D.The primary purpose of preschool programs varies by country, with some stressing the importance of group experience, and others self-reliance or getting a good academic start.
E.Critics of preschool programs argue that these programs put undue pressure on children and may not be effective of children are not developmentally ready for academic work.
F.David Elkind is a critic of publicity funded preschool programs, arguing that the parent cannot control their children's emotional development.
托福閱讀TPO31第2篇答案:Early Children Education
1.根據(jù)題目中Parents in Japan，定位可直接得到答案D。
2.這里對比了Chinese和Japanese家長之間的差別，所以A最合適。
3.focus是集中的意思， 另外這里和focus配合的介詞是on，concentrate也用 on，所以這里幫助推斷。
4.根據(jù)Head Start定位， 后面的內(nèi)容就是對Head Start這個program的介紹，首先是 I960年開始的，和C矛盾， 然后說是在US宣布了 War on Poverty (貧窮)的時候，所以是為窮人設(shè)計的，符合A。 B沒提到，D在這段的開頭提到了，但是不是針對Head Start的描述，Head Start目標(biāo) 是"whole child"，德智體美勞全面發(fā)展。
5.只有B不對應(yīng)，其他的幾個選項根據(jù)后文中的內(nèi)容都是正確的。
6.利用 results of readiness programs定位到本段第一句，本句內(nèi)容：參加這些 program留級的可能性小，而且還能省錢，所以選A。
7.A改變了原文意思，B文章沒說只到27, D和原文意思正好相反。
8.comprehensive是全面的，綜合的意思，使用代入法，A最易懂的，B完整的，C值得尊敬的，D客觀的 中，AC可以排除，不通順，B和D之間就需要理解 comprehensive的詞意來確定。
9.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位至For instance開始的內(nèi)容，其中不包括C。
10.A對應(yīng) "reduction in future costs〃證明是 long term 的 benefit，所以A錯誤。B對應(yīng) "less-expensive programs are just as good as relatively expensive ones〃說明便宜和貴的一樣好，B選項也不對。 C沒提到。D對應(yīng)not every child benefited to the same extent，正確。
11.seek本身是尋找，追求的意思。A是要求，B是設(shè)法，管理， C是失敗，D是嘗試，所以D 最合適。
12.關(guān)鍵詞對應(yīng)后，根據(jù)本段的第一句，Elkind是作為反面觀點的例子出現(xiàn)的，所以是為了闡述另外一面的觀點，選B。
13.要插入的句子中有not only，also的結(jié)構(gòu)，那么起到的就是承上啟下的作用。句子前面一定出現(xiàn)emotional distress的內(nèi)容，后面要引出的就是 intended cognitive gains的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以選B。
14.BDE
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