雅思寫作優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)題型指南
在雅思寫作的大作文中，有一類常見的題目就是分析與討論“Do you think their advantages outweigh their disadvantages ?”，這就是我們俗稱的“advantage VS disadvantage”問題。不少烤鴨都曾向小兔抱怨，面對(duì)這類題目，不知道該如何分析，如何選擇立場，如何展開，今天，就為大家分享一篇全面的寫作指南，相信這篇文章可以解決大家關(guān)于“advantage VS disadvantage”的所有疑惑!
雅思寫作優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)題型指南
首先，假設(shè)這是一個(gè)口語問題，大家回想一下：提問的句子，首先需要回答的是什么?
應(yīng)該是Yes, I do/Yes, it does. No, I don’t/ No, it doesn’t.
這就反映出了：你需要給出你的觀點(diǎn)。放到寫作里，你就需要表明你的態(tài)度，是advantages多呢還是disadvantages多呢?二者取其一。所以，這樣提問方式的雅思作文，應(yīng)該要有明確的態(tài)度，不要中立。
在首段的寫作里，和其它所有類型的文章一樣，都是先寫背景，然后引出話題。需要注意的就是首段最后一句話，需要你明確的表明觀點(diǎn)。
下面我們結(jié)合例子來討論，：
【示例】
Multicultural societies are mixtures of ethnic groups. Do you think their advantages outweigh their disadvantages?
【首段范例】
The multicultural groups have become much more common than before due to the increased communications among various ethical groups. Both pros and cons are involved in relation to this tendency.Personally, I believe that there are more advantages than disadvantages.
首段是比較簡單的，依循洋八股的套路，背景——引出——表明觀點(diǎn)即可。
下面就進(jìn)入到主題論述段。首先，論述段的結(jié)構(gòu)，一定是先寫topicsentence (present a main idea);然后(extend)解釋topicsentence;最后是(support)，support部分使用舉例證明、因果證明或者假設(shè)條件句證明，或者其它合適的證明方法都可。
在論述段需要注意的是，雖然你有一個(gè)明確的觀點(diǎn)，也就是要么支持advantages，要么支持disadvantages.但是這并不意味著你寫主體論述段的時(shí)候是一邊倒的結(jié)構(gòu)。相反，千萬不要一邊倒。因?yàn)椋绻闶侵С謅dvantages，那么試問，你怎么來論證advantages大于disadvantages呢?自然而然我們就會(huì)想到對(duì)比。因?yàn)閍dvantages多，disadvantages少;或者advantages程度大，disadvantages程度小。所以advantagesoverweigh disadvantages才能成立。
換句話說，你既需要提到advantages,又要說到disadvantages.那么在整體結(jié)構(gòu)上，就是雙邊論證。這一點(diǎn)和discussboth views一樣，兩邊都要去論述。但是不同的地方在于，discussboth views需要你論述強(qiáng)度相當(dāng)，而advantages overweigh disadvantages需要你有一個(gè)側(cè)重點(diǎn)，從而反映advantages大于disadvantages.
從段落分配上，你可以一共寫兩個(gè)論述段，也可以寫三個(gè)論述段。這一點(diǎn)考官不在乎你怎么安排。我個(gè)人建議寫三段。結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
第二段：好處1;具體解釋好處1;舉例證明好處1。
第三段：好處2;具體解釋好處2;舉例或者假設(shè)條件句來證明好處2。
第四段：壞處1;具體解釋壞處1;舉例證明壞處1。
現(xiàn)在常說這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)就是：主體段+讓步段。那么到底先寫主體段還是先寫讓步段呢?這一點(diǎn)我沒有和考官探討過。我自己一貫的寫法是先寫核心觀點(diǎn)的段落，后寫讓步段。理由是，我的第一段最后一句話是表明觀點(diǎn)的句子。接下來我用兩段話來論證我的核心觀點(diǎn)，是順理成章且很自然的銜接和邏輯。
如果第一段最后一句給出觀點(diǎn)，下面緊跟的第二段寫讓步段，實(shí)際上就是寫和自己觀點(diǎn)完全相反的內(nèi)容。我覺得這樣寫，有一點(diǎn)思維跳躍，段落與段落之間的cohesion and coherence會(huì)被扣分。再次說明，這只是我自己的觀點(diǎn)，我一直這么寫，考官?zèng)]有過質(zhì)疑，因此我也就沒有專門和考官討論是不是就是應(yīng)該這樣，把讓步段放到后面去。
寫完主體論述部分后，就是最后一段的總結(jié)了。和discuss both views不同之處在于，discuss both views需要你新論述一個(gè)你的看法，而advantages overweigh its disadvantages就不需要了。只需要你直接總結(jié)你主體論述部分已經(jīng)給出的觀點(diǎn)就可以了。相對(duì)來說其實(shí)簡單一些。
【結(jié)論段舉例】(題目同開頭段舉例一樣)
In conclusion, I agree that both positive and negative aspects should be considered when talking about multicultural societies. However, I believe that the tendency should been couraged, since the advantages overwhelm the disadvantages.
【再以我的一篇練習(xí)文章的結(jié)論段舉例】
By and large, private companies do more than help to provide patients efficient and targeted therapy. They also offer detailed services to clients. Although the service cost in such places is relatively higher than it is in normal public hospitals, the effect and efficiency of their treatment cannot be disregarded. They are a kind of reliable supplement to public hospitals, providing alternatives to customers’demands.
順便說一下，從考官的評(píng)語來看，考官對(duì)寫作題目所持觀點(diǎn)和我是不一樣的，但是這并不影響他給我的作文評(píng)分。他的評(píng)分還是嚴(yán)格按照雅思評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來的。所以我想說，寫作，不要在乎你的觀點(diǎn)，只要你能自圓其說，按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式去論證，那你就可能獲得你想要的分?jǐn)?shù)。
雅思大作文寫作資料：表示優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)
表優(yōu)點(diǎn)的幾個(gè)方面：
Equip sb. with sth.
Cost-efective
Give sb. a sense of independence.
Benefit the society as a whole.
Broaden their horizons. Have a broder view of life
The price is worth paying.
Not necessarily all bad
Work for the public good
表缺點(diǎn)的幾個(gè)方面：
Time-consuming
Make no economic sense
Economically worthless
Out of date
A waste of time
雅思作文優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)范文賞析
The advantages and disadvantages of globalization
Globalization is such a commonly used term in the twentiethcentury. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.
To begin with, globalization has contributed to the world’s economies in many beneficial ways. The advances in science and technology have allowed businesses to easily cross over territorial boundary lines. Consequently, companies tend to become more productive and competitive thereby raising the quality of goods, services and the world’s living standard.
Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labor in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries.
However, one cannot deny the negative effects which havederived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the transportation becomes easier and faster in today’s advanced society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short period of time.
As large corporations invest or take over many offshore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions such as Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource to the cheaper work force from Asian countries.
In conclusion. I like to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking the appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world.
怎樣使你的雅思寫作句型富有變化
句式就是句子的結(jié)構(gòu)方式，也就是句子的式樣或格式。不同的思想內(nèi)容要用不同的句式來表達(dá);而同一思想內(nèi)容也可以用不同的句式來表達(dá)。句式不同，表達(dá)效果也就不同。只有句式多樣化，文章才會(huì)生動(dòng)有趣，充滿活力?？墒?，在實(shí)際寫作中，初學(xué)寫作的學(xué)生往往一篇文章都是千篇一律的簡單句，文章單調(diào)乏味，毫無生氣。筆者認(rèn)為，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂媚承┓椒ɑ蚴侄斡兄趯?shí)際表達(dá)形式的多樣化，增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果。茲將常用方法簡單介紹如下。
一、改變句子開頭
許多學(xué)生在寫作中傾向于用與人有關(guān)系的詞性，用名詞和代詞作為句子的開頭，如 People，We，I，He，They，She等。但這種開頭見多了，難免讓人厭倦。試比較：
A.People throughout the country have greatly demanded all kinds of nutritious food.
B.There is a great demand across the country for all kinds of nutritious food.
第一句改用非人稱名詞作為主語開頭，第二句則用there +be句型開頭。這樣既改變了主語+謂語+賓語單調(diào)句型，又把想強(qiáng)調(diào)的意思突出出來。實(shí)際上，為了把文章寫得生動(dòng)活潑，除了用主語開頭外，還可以用句子的其他成分開頭。
1.用副詞開頭
Too often，students stray into the habit of cheating on tests.
2.用同位語開頭
Air，water and oxygen，everything that is necessary for life.
3.用狀語開頭
Dark and empty，the house looked very different from the way I remembered it.
4.用表語開頭
Equally essential to the highest success in learning a language are intense interest plus persistent effort.
5.用賓語開頭
My advice you would not listen to;my helps you laughed at.Now you will have what you asked for.
6.以短語修飾語開頭
1)以介詞短語開頭
To me the news was very interesting，but to my wife very boring.
2)以分詞短語開頭
Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades，Menchester took flight for the pacific islands.
3)以不定式短語開頭
To pass the exam，you should work very hard.
二、巧用連接詞
有的學(xué)生在作文中使用過多簡單句，成了簡單句堆砌;有的寫復(fù)雜句時(shí)，動(dòng)輒用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但達(dá)不到豐富表達(dá)方式的目的，反而使句子結(jié)構(gòu)松散、呆板。為了避免這種現(xiàn)象，可以通過使用連接詞，尤其是一些表示從屬關(guān)系的連接詞，如 who，which，that，because，since，although，after，as，before，when，whenever，if，unless，as if等，不僅能夠豐富句型，而且還能夠把思想表達(dá)得更清楚，意義更連貫。例如：
Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is a widely accepted fact.
這段文字用簡單句表達(dá)，它們之間內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系含糊不清，意思支離破碎。如果使用連接詞，將單句與其前后合并，形成主次關(guān)系，就把一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容和關(guān)系表達(dá)得層次清楚、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。例如：
It is a widely accepted fact that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future，though it is unlikely to be true.
再如：
The Mississippi River is one of the longest rivers in the world，and in spring time it often overflows its banks，and the lives of many people are endangered.
此句用and把三個(gè)分句一貫到底，既乏味又可笑。如果使用了關(guān)系代詞which，語義就會(huì)更連貫，語言也會(huì)更流暢：
The Mississippi River，which is one of the longest rivers in the world，often overflows its banks in the spring time，endangering the lives of many people.
三、長短句交插
長句和短句是就句子的字?jǐn)?shù)多少、形體長短而言的。長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。長句，因?yàn)槭褂玫亩ㄕZ、狀語較多，限制了概念的外延，增大了概念的內(nèi)涵，所以比較精確、嚴(yán)密，但使用起來不夠活潑簡便。短句，由于字?jǐn)?shù)少，直截了當(dāng)，一般比較簡潔、明快、有力，但不利于表達(dá)復(fù)雜的語義內(nèi)容。在具體語言活動(dòng)中，最好長短句交替使用。這既體現(xiàn)了節(jié)奏上的要求，也是意義上的需要。例如：
(1)We can imagine the beautiful surroundings.(2)There are many trees along the streets.(3)There is a clean river in the city.(4) There are many fishes in the river.(5)There are willow trees on the one side.(6)There are some pieces of grassland on the other side.(7)There are many flowers on them.
文中七個(gè)句子都是簡單句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一，而且句子長短同一，都在七、八詞左右，十分單調(diào)。下面是修改后的段落：
(1)Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener.(2)Green trees line the streets.(3)A clean river winds through the city，in which a lot of fishes abound.(4)On the one side stand rows of willow trees.(5)On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers.
改寫后的這段文字，有長句(1)、(3)、(5)，也有短句(2)和(4)，一長一短，抑揚(yáng)頓挫的節(jié)奏感就出來了。不僅句子長短交插，而且句型結(jié)構(gòu)變化也很大，使文章流暢自然，生動(dòng)活潑。
四、利用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
英語的基本句型是S+V+O，如果偶爾打破常規(guī)，改變某一成分的位置，不僅可以豐富句型，而且能強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出被倒裝的部分，收到意想不到的表達(dá)效果。例如：
1)In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.
2)Faith in the Chinese economic reforms the majority of people will never lose.
總之，英語的句式是多種多樣的，只要從要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容出發(fā)合理選用，文章的句式就會(huì)富于變化。同時(shí)，在學(xué)習(xí)寫作的過程中，學(xué)生應(yīng)不斷練習(xí)構(gòu)造各種各樣句式，以提高語言表達(dá)能力。
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雅思寫作優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)題型指南
