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高中英語語法大全

時(shí)間: 玉蓮928 分享

  在高中的時(shí)候,學(xué)習(xí)英語語法的話,對于英語寫作中的一些英語表達(dá)有莫大的幫助。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高中英語語法的相關(guān)知識,供大家參閱!

  高中英語語法:動詞的時(shí)態(tài)

  1. 概念:

  時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動詞的一種形式,表示動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài).英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動詞形式本身的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的.英語有16種時(shí)態(tài),但中學(xué)階段較常用的有十種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),一般將來時(shí),過去將來時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),將來進(jìn)行時(shí),過去完成時(shí),英在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí).

  二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講

  1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法

  1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:

  I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。

  2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實(shí)。例如:

  The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。

  Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。

  3) 表示格言或警句。例如:

  Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必?cái) ?/p>

  注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時(shí),從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

  例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實(shí)了地球是圓的。

  4) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。例如:

  I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

  Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯(cuò),講的可不行。

  比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

  I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。

  第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作,表示言行的瞬間動作。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

  2. 一般過去時(shí)的用法

  1)在確定的過去時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時(shí)間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

  Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了?

  2)表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如:

  When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候,常在馬路上踢足球。

  Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

  那時(shí),布朗一家無論什么時(shí)候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。

  3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth  "到……時(shí)間了"  "該……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed.  你該睡覺了。

  It is time that sb. did sth. "時(shí)間已遲了"  "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed.   你早該睡覺了。

  would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。

  4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時(shí),作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時(shí)表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。

  比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。)

  Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著)

  Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

  Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去)

  注意: 用過去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。

  1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:

  Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎?

  I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。

  2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would。例如:

  Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎?

  3.一般將來時(shí)

  1) shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱,在征求意見時(shí)常用于第二人稱。例如:

  Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?

  Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎?

  2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。

  a. 主語的意圖,即將做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

  b. 計(jì)劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。

  c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。

  3) be +不定式表將來,按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。例如:

  We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。

  4)  be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:

  He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。

  注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語連用。

  4. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來

  1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:

  The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。

  When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時(shí)候開?十分鐘后。

  2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如:

  Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

  There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

  3)在時(shí)間或條件句中。例如:

  When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我。

  I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。

  4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:

  I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

  Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。

  5. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來

  下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來。例如:

  I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

  Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?

  6. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have (has) +過去分詞。

  7. 比較一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  1)一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

  2)一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語連用,或無時(shí)間狀語。

  一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時(shí)間狀語。

  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時(shí)間狀語。

  共同的時(shí)間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

  3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

  一般過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

  I saw this film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)

  I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)

  Why did you get up so early? (強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了)

  Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)

  He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

  He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

  句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。

  (錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

  (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

  8. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型

  1)It is the first / second time.... that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如:

  It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

  This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

  注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

  2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。例如:

  This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

  9.過去完成時(shí)

  1) 概念:表示過去的過去

  ----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。

  那時(shí)以前  那時(shí)  現(xiàn)在

  2) 用法

  a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如:

  She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。

  b. 狀語從句

  在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。例如:

  When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí),小偷們早就跑了。

  c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

  We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時(shí)我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。

  3) 過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

  He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。

  By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。

  Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

  湯姆失望了,因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會時(shí),大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。

  10. 用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)

  1) 兩個(gè)動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時(shí),多用一般過去時(shí)。例如:

  When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。

  My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。

  2 ) 兩個(gè)動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時(shí);如第一個(gè)動作需要若干時(shí)間完成,用過去完成時(shí)。例如:

  When I heard the news, I was very excited.

  3) 敘述歷史事實(shí),可不用過去完成時(shí),而只用一般過去時(shí)。例如:

  Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

  高中英語語法:動詞的時(shí)態(tài)

  11.將來完成時(shí)

  1) 構(gòu)成will have done

  2) 概念

  a. 狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時(shí)為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如:

  They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時(shí)他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。

  b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時(shí)或另一個(gè)將來的動作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動作或獲得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。例如:

  You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時(shí),你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了

  12現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

  現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法:

  a. 表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時(shí))正在發(fā)生的事情。例如:

  We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。

  b. 習(xí)慣進(jìn)行:表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作,說話時(shí)動作未必正在進(jìn)行。例如:

  Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。(說話時(shí)并未在寫,只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)

  c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:

  The leaves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。

  It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。

  d. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用,表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如:

  You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。

  13. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

  1)概念:表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作。

  2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景;一個(gè)長動作延續(xù)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)短動作發(fā)生。

  3) 常用的時(shí)間狀語有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

  My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.  我兄弟騎車時(shí)摔了下來,受了傷。

  It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時(shí),正下著雨。

  When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到達(dá)山頂時(shí),陽光燦爛。

  14. 將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

  1) 概念:表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動作,或按預(yù)測將來會發(fā)生的事情。例如:

  She'll be coming soon. 她會很快來的。

  I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 將來我一定去見他。

  注意:將來進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于表示"意志",不能說 I'll be having a talk with her.

  2)常用的時(shí)間狀語有soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening等。例如:By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 明天此時(shí),我正躺在海灘上呢。

  15. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)

  When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,條件句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。例如:

  He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京,就去看他姨媽。

  16. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般過去時(shí)

  1 ) "書上說","報(bào)紙上說"等。例如:

  The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 報(bào)紙上說明天會很冷的。

  2) 敘述往事,使其生動。例如:

  Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破侖的軍隊(duì)正在向前挺進(jìn),大戰(zhàn)開始了

  17. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

  1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí),如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如:

  I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 我聽說了他將去倫敦。

  I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。

  2) 用句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"。例如:

  It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 從我們上次見面以來,五年過去了。

  18. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。

  在Here comes…/There goes…等句型里,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如:

  There goes the bell. 鈴響了。

  19. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來時(shí)

  1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預(yù)定中計(jì)劃好的活動。例如:

  Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我們一起度周末好嗎?

  We are leaving soon.  我們馬上就走。

  2) 漸變動詞,如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬間動詞die等。例如:

  He is dying. 他要死了。

  20.時(shí)態(tài)一致

  1) 如果從句所敘述的為真理或相對不變的事實(shí),則用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如:

  At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那時(shí),人們不知道地球是動的。

  He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告訴我他十八歲了。

  2) 賓語從句中的,助動詞ought, need, must, dare 的時(shí)態(tài)是不變的。例如:

  He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他認(rèn)為我不必告訴你真相。

  高中英語語法:動詞的語態(tài)

  一.概念:

  動詞的語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式,表示主語和謂語之間語法或語義的關(guān)系.英語的語態(tài)有兩種:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài).主動語態(tài)用于主動句,表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者.被動語態(tài)用于被動句,表示主語是動作的承受者.主動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式與動詞時(shí)態(tài)相同,而被動語態(tài)由 助動詞be+過去分詞 構(gòu)成,有人稱,數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)的變化.

  相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講

  1. let 的用法

  1)當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動詞,變被動語態(tài)時(shí),可用不帶to 的不定式。例如:

  They let the strange go.他們放陌生人走了。

  ---> The strange was let go.

  2)當(dāng)let 后賓補(bǔ)較長時(shí),let 通常不用被動語態(tài),而用allow或permit 代替。例如:

  The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那護(hù)士讓我去探望住院的同學(xué)。

  ----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.

  2.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)

  短語動詞是一個(gè)整體,不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如:

  My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。

  Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這樣的事聞所未聞。

  3. 表示"據(jù)說"或"相信" 的詞組,基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如:

  It is said that…   據(jù)說

  It is reported that… 據(jù)報(bào)道

  It is believed that… 大家相信

  It is hoped that… 大家希望

  It is well known that… 眾所周知

  It is thought that… 大家認(rèn)為

  It is suggested that… 據(jù)建議

  It is taken granted that…  被視為當(dāng)然

  It has been decided that… 大家決定

  It must be remember that… 務(wù)必記住的是

  4. 不用被動語態(tài)的情況

  1) 不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語,如appear, die disappear, end(vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等沒有無被動語態(tài)。例如:

  After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火過后,我家燒得所剩無幾。

  比較:rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞;raise, seat是及物動詞。

  要想正確地使用被動語態(tài),就須注意哪些動詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過程中多留意積累。

  2) 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語,如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如:

  This key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。

  Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說的與我們聽說的一致。

  3) 系動詞無被動語態(tài),如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如:It sounds good. 聽上去不錯(cuò)。

  4) 帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death, dream/dream, live/life等,以及反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如:

  She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個(gè)惡夢。

  5) 當(dāng)賓語是不定式時(shí),很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如:

  (對) She likes to swim.

  (錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.

  5. 主動形式表示被動意義

  1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如:

  The book sells well.  這本書銷路好。

  This knife cuts easily.  這刀子很好用。

  2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build等。例如:

  I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了,我該受指責(zé)。

  Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。

  3) 在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。例如:

  The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。

  This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。

  4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu):make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽見/理解自己)等。例如:

  Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些,讓別人理解你的話。

  6. 被動形式表示主動意義,如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for), be occupied (in), get married等。例如:

  He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。

  注意:表示同某人結(jié)婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如:

  He married a rich girl. 他與一個(gè)富妞結(jié)婚了。

  He got married to a rich girl.

  7.need/want/require/worth

  當(dāng) need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時(shí),表示的是被動意義。例如:

  Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。

  The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。


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