雙語(yǔ)閱讀：你知道四種邊緣性人格障礙嗎

　　摘要：當(dāng)今關(guān)于邊緣性人格障礙的文章已經(jīng)很多了。這些有邊緣性人格障礙的人，通常在童年時(shí)期受到過(guò)嚴(yán)重的虐待。他們會(huì)給社會(huì)和親屬帶來(lái)毀滅性的破壞。他們因沖動(dòng)，自我毀滅，情緒反常不定，憤怒而臭名昭著。

　　Do You Know the 4 Types of Borderline Personality Disorder?

　　So much has been written today about the Borderline Personality Disorder. These individuals, often very abused in their childhoods, can wreak havoc in organizational settings and close relationships. They are known for their impulsivity, self-destructive nature, moodiness, anger, and, perhaps most importantly, their tendency to have very intense and stormy relationships. Think Glenn Close in the movie Fatal Attraction. Moreover, they often have additional life problems, often the result of their impulsive nature, on top of this disorder such as substance abuse, eating disorders, financial difficulties, promiscuity, etc.

你知道四種邊緣性人格障礙嗎

　　But not all these individuals are alike. In his stellar book, Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV and Beyond (1995, Wiley). Theodore Millon identifies four different subtypes of Borderline Personality Disorder. Incidentally, Millon is one of the leading experts in the field of personality disorders and Borderline Personality Disorder so he knows what he's talking about. His book is one of the best books out there for any serious student of personality disorders and I recommend it highly to those who are a little more advanced in their study of psychology.

　　當(dāng)今關(guān)于邊緣性人格障礙的文章已經(jīng)很多了。這些有邊緣性人格障礙的人，通常在童年時(shí)期受到過(guò)嚴(yán)重的虐待。他們會(huì)給社會(huì)和親屬帶來(lái)毀滅性的破壞。他們因沖動(dòng)，自我毀滅，情緒反常不定，憤怒而臭名昭著。而且，更重要的是：他們通常會(huì)傾向于擁有非常緊張激烈的人際關(guān)系。想想電影致命吸引中的格林吧。另外，他們通常會(huì)因?yàn)闆_動(dòng)的天性給他們帶來(lái)其他生活問(wèn)題。其中藥物濫用，進(jìn)食障礙，財(cái)政問(wèn)題和濫交等最為常見(jiàn)。

　　但是并非人人如此，在西奧多·米勒主要作品《人格障礙：DSM-IV 及其它》(1995，威利)中描述了4種不同類(lèi)型的邊緣人格障礙。米勒是人格障礙和邊緣人格障礙領(lǐng)域的前沿專(zhuān)家，所以他有自己的見(jiàn)地。對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)人格障礙的專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，米勒的書(shū)無(wú)疑是最出眾的之一。而且我強(qiáng)烈的想把這些書(shū)推薦給在心理學(xué)研究方面更出眾的人。

　　The Discouraged Borderline in many ways can look very much like an individual with Dependent Personality Disorder, or what is commonly known in today's jargon as codependent. They tend to be clingy, go along with the crowd, and walk around feeling somber and somewhat dejected. Deep inside however, there are often angry and disappointed with the actions of those around them. Scratch the surface, and that anger could explode, but they are much more likely to do harm to themselves by self-mutilating or even suicide.

　　The Impulsive Borderline seems to be a first cousin to the Histrionic Personality Disorder. These individuals tend to be flirtatious, captivating, elusive and superficial. They are highly energetic and seek out thrill after thrill. They are easily bored and seem to have it never ending appetite for attention and excitement. As their name implies, they will often act without thinking, getting themselves into all sorts of trouble. Such individuals can often be very charismatic and it's easy to get caught in their spell. Beware! You can be the moth drawn to their flame.

　　這種邊緣性人格障礙在很多方面與依賴(lài)型人格障礙十分相像。這種依賴(lài)型人格障礙就是今天人們所熟知的共存。他們會(huì)粘人，混跡在人群中但卻感到憂郁和一點(diǎn)沮喪。但是在內(nèi)心深處他們對(duì)周?chē)说男袨楦械椒浅嵟褪?。輕輕觸碰，他們的憤怒就會(huì)傾瀉而出。但是他們更多的是通過(guò)自殘甚至自殺的方式傷害自己。

　　沖動(dòng)型人格障礙似乎是矯飾型人格障礙的堂弟。這些人迷人，喜歡調(diào)情，難以捉摸。他們會(huì)輕易的變得無(wú)聊，而且對(duì)關(guān)注和興奮有無(wú)限的欲望。就像他們的名字那樣，他們經(jīng)常不經(jīng)思考，草率行事。這種特性使他們陷入各種困境。這類(lèi)人非常有魅力，你可能很輕易就他們的魔咒蠱惑。當(dāng)心一點(diǎn)!你可能就是那只飛向他們火焰的蛾子。

　　Millon’s third subtype is what he calls the Petulant Borderline. He describes them as being "unpredictable, irritable, impatient, and complaining" as well as "defiant, disgruntled, stubborn, pessimistic and resentful". They are torn between relying upon people and at the same time keeping their distance for fear of disappointment. They vacillate between feelings of unworthiness and anger. This anger can be quite explosive. Better not get in their line of fire.

　　Finally, there is the Self-Destructive Borderline. This type is marked by his constant sense of bitterness which they turn inward. They will often engage in self-destructive behaviors whether it is conscious or unconscious. Their levels of self-hatred can often reach monumental proportions leading them into all types of self-destructive behaviors, ranging from poor healthcare to reckless driving to performing humiliating sexual acts.

　　米勒的第三種次人格障礙就是他所說(shuō)的任性型人格障礙。他把他們描述為：“無(wú)法預(yù)測(cè)，易怒，無(wú)耐心和抱怨。”而且“目中無(wú)人，怏怏不樂(lè)，固執(zhí)，悲觀，憤恨”。他們厭倦了依靠別人和因害怕失望而和人保持距離的感覺(jué)。他們?cè)诘綗o(wú)用感和憤怒的情緒中搖擺。這種憤怒可能非常容易爆發(fā)。你最好不要激怒他。

　　最后是自我毀滅式的人格障礙。這種類(lèi)型的是由內(nèi)心不斷的痛苦造成的。不管有意識(shí)或無(wú)意識(shí)，他們經(jīng)常會(huì)做實(shí)施自殘行為。他們的自我怨恨經(jīng)常會(huì)把他們引向罪惡的深淵，從糟糕身體保健到不斷實(shí)施侮辱性的性行為。

　　These people are not your run-of-the-mill "toxic coworker". Though they might often seem okay on the surface, these are deeply troubled individuals in need of help. Even the most experienced of therapists can be challenged by them.

　　Individuals with BPD need to be understood and treated with compassion. But they are in need of psychological help. There is a tendency to be drawn to them; they give off a lot of energy and can be very charismatic, but there is a price to be paid for being involved: Perpetual arguments, dramas, makeups and breakups, suicidal gestures and an almost exquisite sensitivity to rejection whether real or imagined

　　If you are not prepared to pay this price, it's probably best just to keep your distance.

　　Already involved with a person with BPD? I highly recommend Paul Mason and Randi Kreger's book Stop Walking on Eggshells: Taking your life back when someone you care about has Borderline Personality Disorder.

　　這些人并不是一般的“毒人“。在表面上看他們是正常的，他們卻是深陷困境需要幫助的人。即使經(jīng)驗(yàn)最豐富的治療師也可能被他們難倒。

　　患有邊緣型人格障礙的人需要被理解，而且對(duì)待他們需要同情心。但是他們需要心理幫助。人們會(huì)容易被他們的四射的能量和光彩照人而吸引。但是這是要付出代價(jià)的：無(wú)休止的爭(zhēng)吵，戲劇，化妝劇，分手，自殺行為和對(duì)拒絕異常強(qiáng)烈的敏感。不管這種拒絕是否是真的還是他們憑空的幻想。

　　你已經(jīng)介入了邊緣性人格障礙患者的生活了?我極力推薦保爾·曼森和瑞迪·肯格爾的書(shū)《請(qǐng)?jiān)诘皻ど现共健?。在你關(guān)心的人患上邊緣性人格障礙時(shí)，找回自己的生活。