金融雙語(yǔ)閱讀：沙特出臺(tái)提高汽油價(jià)格等緊縮措施

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　　Saudi Arabia has unveiled spending cuts in its 2016 budget, subsidy reforms and privatisations to rein in a yawning deficit caused by the prolonged period of low oil prices. 沙特阿拉伯宣布將在2016年預(yù)算案中削減支出，對(duì)改革和私有化進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼，以遏制長(zhǎng)期低油價(jià)導(dǎo)致的日漸增大的赤字。

　　The Gulf kingdom has kept oil production at high levels in an attempt to force out higher-cost producers, such as shale groups, and retain its market share. But this year’s deficit ballooned to Sr367bn (.9bn) — 15 per cent of gross domestic product — as oil revenues fell 23 per cent to Sr444.5bn. 這個(gè)海灣國(guó)家一直維持較高水平的石油產(chǎn)量，試圖排擠頁(yè)巖油集團(tuán)等成本更高的生產(chǎn)商，以維護(hù)自身的市場(chǎng)份額。但今年該國(guó)來(lái)自石油的財(cái)政收入下降23%至4445億沙特里亞爾，其赤字激增至3670億沙特里亞爾(合979億美元)，相當(dāng)于國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)的15%。

　　Seeking to ward off future fiscal crises, the ministry of finance yesterday confirmed wide-ranging reforms, including plans to “privatise a range of sectors and economic activities”. 為了防范未來(lái)可能出現(xiàn)的財(cái)政危機(jī)，沙特財(cái)政部昨日確認(rèn)了廣泛改革，包括“私有化一系列行業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)”的計(jì)劃。

　　Riyadh would revise energy, water and electricity prices “gradually over the next five years” to optimise efficiency while minimising “negative effects on low and mid-income citizens and the competitiveness of the business sector”, it added. 沙特財(cái)政部補(bǔ)充稱，政府將“在今后5年逐漸”修改能源、水和電力價(jià)格，以優(yōu)化效率，并將最大限度減少這些改革“對(duì)中低收入公民和商業(yè)部門競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的負(fù)面影響”。

　　The first reforms will be effective from today, including a rise in petrol prices. There will also be an increase in electricity tariffs for the wealthiest consumers, a modest increase in water costs for all and changes to energy prices for industrial users. 第一批改革將從今日起生效，包括提高汽油價(jià)格。此外，該國(guó)還將對(duì)最富裕的消費(fèi)者提高電價(jià)，對(duì)所有用戶小幅提高水價(jià)，并調(diào)整工業(yè)用戶的能源價(jià)格。

　　The success or failure of the reforms will help define the legacy of King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud and his influential son, deputy crown prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is overseeing the programme. 這些改革的成敗將在一定程度上定義沙特國(guó)王薩勒曼·本·阿卜杜勒-阿齊茲·阿勒沙特(Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud)和他的兒子、具有影響力的沙特副王儲(chǔ)穆罕默德·本·薩勒曼·阿勒沙特(Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud)的政治遺產(chǎn)，后者負(fù)責(zé)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)改革方案。

　　The kingdom’s austerity and reform programme, a reaction to the past decade of profligate spending, has raised alarm within the business community, already reeling from cuts that triggered delays in government payments. 沙特的緊縮和改革方案是對(duì)過(guò)去10年揮霍支出的反應(yīng)，該方案在商界拉響了警報(bào)。引發(fā)政府延遲支付的支出削減已經(jīng)讓商界感到震驚。

　　Radical reforms to the social contract between citizens and the al-Saud family also threaten discord at a time when Islamist extremist groups are a danger. 在伊斯蘭極端主義集團(tuán)構(gòu)成威脅之時(shí)，對(duì)沙特公民和沙特王室之間的社會(huì)契約進(jìn)行大幅度改革還可能引發(fā)紛爭(zhēng)。

　　Real gross domestic product this year is expected to rise 3.35 per cent, with the private sector growing at 3.74 per cent. 今年沙特的實(shí)際GDP預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)3.35%，私營(yíng)部門將增長(zhǎng)3.74%。

　　“We see real GDP growth decelerating sharply in 2016, albeit remaining positive,” said Monica Malik, chief economist with Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. “Non-oil GDP is forecast to moderate, with the lower government spending feeding into the wider economy.” “我們預(yù)計(jì)實(shí)際GDP增長(zhǎng)將在2016年大幅減速，盡管依然會(huì)是正數(shù)，”阿布扎比商業(yè)銀行(Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank)首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家莫妮卡·馬利克(Monica Malik)表示，“隨著注入整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的政府支出減少，預(yù)計(jì)非石油GDP將放緩。”

　　The government’s austerity measures have been accompanied by spending on the Saudi-led war in Yemen and Sr88bn in bonus payments for civil servants when King Salman ascended the throne in January. 在推出緊縮措施的同時(shí)，政府為該國(guó)領(lǐng)頭在也門發(fā)起的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)安排了支出，并在1月國(guó)王薩勒曼繼位時(shí)向公務(wù)員支付了880億沙特里亞爾的獎(jiǎng)金。