英語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)詳解

　　從句是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重要組成部分，也是我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的過(guò)關(guān)知識(shí)，以下是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于從句的語(yǔ)法詳解，希望能幫到你。

　　賓語(yǔ)從句三類的用法詳解

　　賓語(yǔ)從句可以分為三類

　　(1).動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　1.1 大多數(shù)位于動(dòng)詞后面

　　Eg：I hope you can join us in the game.

　　1.2 有些是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”后

　　Find out / point out / figure out / turn out/ figure out

　　Eg： Can you figure out what the poet really means in this poem?

　　1.3 有些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后面

　　Make sure / make up one’s mind / keep in mind

　　Eg; we should keep in mind that sports can be a great boost to our health.

　　(2) it 作形式賓語(yǔ)代替賓語(yǔ)從句

　　第一類動(dòng)詞; find/ feel/ think/ consider/ make / believe/ guess/ suppose /assume等后面有賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要用it 作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that引導(dǎo)的真正的賓語(yǔ)從句后置。

　　Eg： I think it necessary that we do some sporting.

　　第二類動(dòng)詞 帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在從句前面加it。

　　這類詞：hate / like/ dislike/ appreciate/ depend on/ see to /

　　Eg: I hate it when they talk without considering other’s feeling.

　　但是如果賓語(yǔ)從句是WH-類引導(dǎo)的，其后面有to be 短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，不可以用it 代替。

　　We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. (right)

　　We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said .(wrong)

　　(3) 形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句

　　Adj: sure / certain/ glad/ pleased/ happy / afraid / sorry 等等。

　　Eg; I am not sure whether you will come or not.

　　引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞講解

　　從屬連詞

　　從屬連詞是引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句及其他從句的連詞。

　　1.引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：

　　1)when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　2)because, as, since等引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　3)if, as long as等引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　4)though, although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　5)so…that…, such…that…等引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　6)so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　7)as?as?;than等引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　2.常用從屬連詞的辨析

　　1)when, as, while

　　when, as, while都表示“當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”，但when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生，when既可指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間，所以既可引導(dǎo)一短暫動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，也可引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。

　　用as作從屬連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作并行發(fā)生，不指先后，尤指短動(dòng)作或事件同時(shí)發(fā)生。如：As I looked, someone came near.(正當(dāng)我看的時(shí)候，有個(gè)人走上前來(lái)。)as還可說(shuō)咱兩種正發(fā)展或變化的情況，意為“隨著”。如：As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.(隨著春回大地，百花開(kāi)始綻放。)表示主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)，as意為“一邊…一邊…”。如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.(他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一邊走一邊回頭望。)

　　分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)用法

　?、?分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示

　　時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步(可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句)

　?、?Put into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

　　Put into use in April 2000 == When it was put into use in April 2000(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))

　　② Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.

　　Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network

　　== Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network(原因狀語(yǔ))

　?、?Given time, he'll make a fist-class tennis player.(條件狀語(yǔ))

　　Given time == If he is given time

　?、?Left at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.

　　Left at home == Although he was left (讓步狀語(yǔ))

　　表示方式，伴隨狀況或結(jié)果(可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)

　?、?We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things.

　　thinking that all children like these things.== and think that all children like these things.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))

　?、?He earns a living driving a truck.

　　driving a truck == by driving a truck. (方式狀語(yǔ))高考對(duì)分詞用作方式狀語(yǔ)考得

　?、?He fired, killing one of the passers-by.

　　He fired and killed one of the passers-by. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

　?、?He died, leaving his wife with five children.

　　He died and left his wife with five children. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

　?、?It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out.

　　It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))

　?、?有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前會(huì)加when, while, if, unless, once, though, even if, as if 等連詞一起作狀語(yǔ)

　　When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences.

　　Though tired, he still continued reading.

　　Once published， this book will be popular with the students.

　?、?分詞(短語(yǔ)) 與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系

　　主語(yǔ)一致：分詞短語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作由主句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出?？匆韵洛e(cuò)誤

　　Waiting for the bus, a brick fell on my head.

　　Hearing the news, tears came into his eyes.

　　Finding her car stolen, a policeman was asked to help.

　　When using the computer, the password must be remembered.

　　有自己主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)— 獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞有自己意義上的主語(yǔ)，分詞的動(dòng)作不由主句主語(yǔ)發(fā)出。

　　The town seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly

　　.=If the town is seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly. 如果從山上看這座城市，我們能看得更清楚。

　　Everything taken into consideration，the party was a success. 將所有的事情考慮在內(nèi)，晚會(huì)算是成功的。

　　while只指一段時(shí)間，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不能用終止性動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，常對(duì)同類的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行對(duì)比。如：While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.(我們?cè)诘溶嚂r(shí)，天正下著大雨。)

　　2)till和until

　　till和until都表示“直到…為止”。主句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句和從句都用肯定式：意為“直到…才”。主句用終止性動(dòng)詞，從句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until較till正式，until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間從句可以放在句首。

　　例如：

　　She won't go away till you promise to help her.

　　直到你允諾要幫助她，她才走開(kāi)。

　　Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened.

　　直到你告訴我，我才知道發(fā)生了什么事。

　　3)since

　　since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，其主句一般使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　例如：

　　Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school.

　　從吉姆畢業(yè)起，他在這家工廠工作兩年了。