高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)竅門

　　高中的時(shí)候，考察的比較多的莫過(guò)于定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句了。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)竅門，供大家參閱!

　　高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)竅門：定語(yǔ)從句

　　關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　一.關(guān)系代詞的用法: 關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞

　　在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)

　　在定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)或者介詞的賓語(yǔ), 介詞在后

　　指人

　　that / who

　　that / who / whom

　　指物

　　that / which

　　that / which

　　上表中黑框內(nèi)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略; 在口語(yǔ)及非正式文體中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 關(guān)系代詞whose表示 “…(先行詞)的”

　　二.示例:

　　1.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)

　　a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ?

　　b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket.

　　2.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

　　a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist.

　　b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside.

　　3.關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ), 介詞在后

　　a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in.

　　b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball.

　　c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English teacher.

　　4.whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.

　　b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company.

　　c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white.

　　三.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:

　　1.指物時(shí), 關(guān)系代詞只用that而不用which的情況:

　?、?先行詞被最高級(jí)或the only, the very, the same等修飾時(shí)

　　a. This is the best play that was written by Jack.

　　b. He is the only person that I can trust.

　　②.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或the last等詞修飾時(shí)

　　a. This is the first car that arrived this morning.

　?、?先行詞為all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞時(shí)或被不定代詞all, any, no等修飾時(shí)

　　a. All the people that come from the country work much harder.

　　b. This is all that I can tell you.

　　④.人+動(dòng)物或事物共同作為先行詞時(shí)

　　a. My father and Mr Brown talked of things and persons that they remembered for about an hour.

　?、?句中又有which作為疑問(wèn)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)

　　a. Which is the train that goes to Beijing ?

　　2.關(guān)系代詞who, which, that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 要注意定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題. 因?yàn)閣ho / that / which指代先行詞, 所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)與先行詞保持一致即可

　　a. I came to get the book that was left in the classroom.

　　b. I came to get the books that were left in the classroom.

　　關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　一.關(guān)系副詞的用法: when在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ); where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ); why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)

　　二.示例:

　　a. He was well at the time when I saw him.

　　b. Let’s meet at the place where we met yesterday.

　　c. This is the reason why I am in favor of the singer.

　　三.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:

　　1.在某些表示時(shí)間的名詞后的關(guān)系副詞可省略, 這樣的名詞如: the time, every time, each time, the moment, the minute, the second等 (也有語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為是這些名詞直接引導(dǎo)了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　a. By the time ( when ) he was fourteen years old he had learned much English.

　　介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　一.說(shuō)明: 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 介詞可以位于關(guān)系代詞之前, 從而構(gòu)成介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　二.這種定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法: 在這種定語(yǔ)從句中, 關(guān)系代詞只能用whom(指人)和which(指事物), 而不能使用that / who

　　三.示例:

　　a. This is the house in which he was born.

　　b. The person to whom you should write is Mr Ball.

　　c. The man with whom you talked is our English teacher.

　　d. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.

　　四.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:

　　1.關(guān)系代詞前的介詞可以是單個(gè)介詞, 也可以是短語(yǔ)介詞或類似短語(yǔ)介詞的詞組

　　a. This is the house in which he was born.

　　b. At five o’clock we reached the house, in front of which there is a big tree.

　　c. At five o’clock we reached the mountain, at the foot of which lie some farmhouses.

　　2.根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要, 介詞之前還可以有其他詞, 從而構(gòu)成“名詞或代詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

　　a. I used to live in a small room, the window of which faces the street.

　　b. At the gate stood a group of students, some of whom are girls.

　　3.介詞若為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞, 則不可將介詞拆開(kāi)放在關(guān)系代詞之前

　　a. This is the magazine which you are looking for.( for不能放在which之前)

　　b. The child whom Aunt Li takes care of is ill.( of不能放在whom之前)

　　4.關(guān)系副詞when / where / why?？膳c “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”互換

　　a. Do you remember the days when we were in Beijing? ( =in which we were in Beijing )

　　b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?( =in which we once played for a whole day )

　　c. This is the reason why he was absent yesterday. (= for which he was absent )

　　限定性與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

　　一.兩者的區(qū)別: 見(jiàn)下表

　　形式

　　作用

　　譯法

　　限定性定語(yǔ)從句

　　無(wú)逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)

　　修飾限定作用, 即不可缺少的定語(yǔ)

　　其譯文常位于先行詞之前, 并體現(xiàn)“的”

　　非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

　　有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)

　　附加、補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用, 若缺少它, 句意仍然完整

　　常將其譯成一個(gè)和主句并列的分句

　　二.關(guān)系詞的用法: 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo), 并且關(guān)系詞在任何情況下都不能省略, 除此之外, 在關(guān)系詞的使用上, 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句與限定性定語(yǔ)從句完全相同

　　三.示例:

　　a. My book, which is very old, is on the table.

　　b. President Kennedy, who had heard of King before, was interested to meet him.

　　c. His father, who is working in Beijing, is an engineer.

　　d. The house, where he was born, has been destroyed in the earthquake.

　　e. Mr. Smith, with whom you just talked, is our English teacher.

　　f. The gentleman, with whose daughter I worked, looked down upon woman.

　　四.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:

　　1.as / which都可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句, as / which是關(guān)系代詞, 指代主句中所提到的某種情況, 它們的不同點(diǎn)是:

　?、?as引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后

　?、? as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意

　　a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

　　b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

　　c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.

　　常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題

　　一.定語(yǔ)從句還原法: 試題中有很多有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的, 這類題往往需選擇引導(dǎo)詞部分. 做好這類題的關(guān)鍵首先是要有這樣的觀念: 定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于這一點(diǎn), 我們可以用“還原法”來(lái)檢驗(yàn)定語(yǔ)從句是否正確, 即把定語(yǔ)從句還原成為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句. 具體做法是:

　?、?第一步: 替換. 將關(guān)系代詞直接替換成先行詞, 如果是關(guān)系副詞, 先替換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞, 再將關(guān)系代詞替換成先行詞

　?、?第二步: 調(diào)整, 即調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 看能否構(gòu)成一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句

　　例如, 還原以下例句a中的定語(yǔ)從句的過(guò)程是: 先將that / which替換成先行詞the park, 再調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 就能得到一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 還原以下例句b中的定語(yǔ)從句的過(guò)程是: 先將where替換成in which, 再將which替換成先行詞the park, 再調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 就得到一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句: We once played for a whole day in the park.

　　a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?

　　b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?

　　c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?

　　d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?

　　二.分隔定語(yǔ)從句: 定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后, 但有時(shí)也被分隔開(kāi)來(lái), 在閱讀時(shí)要注意根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)分辨先行詞是什么

　　a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.

　　b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE.

　　①.as引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活, 可位于句首, 句中, 句尾; 但which引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句只能位于主句之后

　?、? as還帶有“正如, 正象”之意, 而which不含此意

　　a. The earth is like a ball, as everyone knows.

　　b. As everyone knows, the earth is like a ball.

　　c. They said they were French, which wasn’t true.

　　常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題

　　一.定語(yǔ)從句還原法: 試題中有很多有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的, 這類題往往需選擇引導(dǎo)詞部分. 做好這類題的關(guān)鍵首先是要有這樣的觀念: 定語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)有完整而合理的句子成分. 基于這一點(diǎn), 我們可以用“還原法”來(lái)檢驗(yàn)定語(yǔ)從句是否正確, 即把定語(yǔ)從句還原成為一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句. 具體做法是:

　?、?第一步: 替換. 將關(guān)系代詞直接替換成先行詞, 如果是關(guān)系副詞, 先替換成介詞+關(guān)系代詞, 再將關(guān)系代詞替換成先行詞

　?、?第二步: 調(diào)整, 即調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 看能否構(gòu)成一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句

　　例如, 還原以下例句a中的定語(yǔ)從句的過(guò)程是: 先將that / which替換成先行詞the park, 再調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 就能得到一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句: We visited the park last year. 再如, 還原以下例句b中的定語(yǔ)從句的過(guò)程是: 先將where替換成in which, 再將which替換成先行詞the park, 再調(diào)整語(yǔ)序, 就得到一個(gè)合理的簡(jiǎn)單句: We once played for a whole day in the park.

　　a. Do you remember the park that / which we visited last year?

　　b. Do you remember the park where we once played for a whole day?

　　c. Do you still remember the days that / which we spent together ?

　　d. Do you still remember the days when we were together?

　　二.分隔定語(yǔ)從句: 定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后, 但有時(shí)也被分隔開(kāi)來(lái), 在閱讀時(shí)要注意根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)分辨先行詞是什么

　　a. I was the only person in the office who was invited.

　　b. He was the only one of the students who passed the GRE

　　高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)竅門：狀語(yǔ)從句

　　一.定義: 在句中作狀語(yǔ)的從句就叫做狀語(yǔ)從句

　　二.分類: 狀語(yǔ)從句包括以下八類

　　1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 由when, while, as, before, after, since, till / until, as soon as等引導(dǎo)

　　a. I shall tell him the good news when he comes.

　　2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句: 由because, as, since, for等引導(dǎo)

　　a. He didn’t hear me because he was listening to the radio.

　　b. Since you are free today, you had better show me how to use the computer.

　　3.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句: 由where等引導(dǎo)

　　a. Please put the book where it was after you finish reading it.

　　4.條件狀語(yǔ)從句: 由if, unless等引導(dǎo)

　　a. I will come to see you if I have time on Sunday.

　　5.比較或方式狀語(yǔ)從句: 由than, as, as if, as...as...等引導(dǎo)

　　a. I know you do better than he does.

　　b. The old worker runs very fast as if he were a young man.

　　6.目的狀語(yǔ)從句: 由so that, in order that等引導(dǎo)

　　a. They set out early so that they could arrive at the station in good time.

　　7.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句: 由so, so that, so / such...that...等引導(dǎo)

　　a. They set out early so that they arrived at the station in good time.

　　b. He finished his work so well that the boss praised him in public.

　　8.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句: 由though / although, even if, whatever, whoever, whenever, no matter what / who等引導(dǎo)

　　a. He is in very good health though he is old.

　　b. They didn’t stop working even if it began to rain hard.

　　三.應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題:

　　1.時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)

　　a. I will go and see a film if I have time tomorrow.

　　b. I will tell the about it as soon as he comes back.

　　c. He said he would go out for a walk when he finished his work.

　　2.狀語(yǔ)從句中可有省略: 在一個(gè)含有狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中, 如果主句和狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)相同, 或狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it, 并且狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可以將狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和be一起省略掉

　　a. As (she was ) a child, she began to learn English.

　　b. If ( he was ) alive, he must be at least ninety years old.

　　c. Although ( he was ) told to stop, he kept on working.

　　d. If ( it is) necessary, ring me up.

　　e. He didn’t say a single word until ( he was ) asked.

　　3.as和than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句中, 從句中和主句中相同的部分往往省略, 從句中只剩下比較對(duì)象

　　a. He is a head taller than I ( am tall ).

　　than之后的人稱代詞是主格或賓格時(shí), 有時(shí)意思不同, 如:

　　a. She likes the dog more than me.=She likes the dog more than she likes me.她喜歡狗比喜歡我更多

　　b. She likes the dog more than I.=She likes the dog more than I like the god. 她比我更喜歡狗

　　4.含有no sooner…than…和hardly / barely / scarcely …when…的句子相當(dāng)于含有as soon as…引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子. no sooner或 hardly放在句首時(shí), 主謂要部分倒裝

　　a. He had no sooner seen the policeman than he ran away. =No sooner had he seen the policeman than he ran away. =He ran away as soon as he saw the policemen.

　　b. He had hardly sat down when the telephone rang. =Hardly had he sat down when the telephone rang. =The telephone rang as soon as he sat down.

　　5.immediately, directly, instantly等詞也可以作為連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, 相當(dāng)于as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　a. I went to see him immediately I heard from him. =I went to see him as soon as I heard from him.

　　6.the moment, the minute, the second引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, 相當(dāng)于as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

　　a. He let out a cry the moment he saw the snake.=He let out a cry as soon as he saw the snake.

　　7.each time, every time, any time, last time, next time, first time可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句

　　a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.

　　8.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中, 若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 則其過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束

　　a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住這里己有五年了

　　a. They shake hands with each other each time they meet.

　　8.since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中, 若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 則其過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成或狀態(tài)的結(jié)束

　　a. It is five years since he lived here. 他不住這里己有五年了