雅思閱讀考試遇到倒裝句應(yīng)該如何解答

　　英語(yǔ)句子通常有兩種語(yǔ)序，一種是自然語(yǔ)序(Natural Order)，又稱正裝語(yǔ)序，另一種便是本章要介紹的倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order)。下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的雅思閱讀考試遇到倒裝句應(yīng)該如何解答，希望能幫到大家!

　　雅思閱讀考試遇到倒裝句應(yīng)該如何解答

　　從形式上分，倒裝有兩種：全部倒裝(Full Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部位于主語(yǔ)之前的稱作全部倒裝，例如：In front of me stood a boy. (我面前站著一個(gè)男孩。)只將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一部分(通常是助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)放在主語(yǔ)之前的稱作部分倒裝，例如：Only in this way can we do it better. (只有這樣，我們才能做得更好一些)從使用目的區(qū)分，倒裝也有兩種情況，即語(yǔ)法倒裝(Grammatical Inversion)和修辭倒裝(Rhetorical Inversion)。語(yǔ)法倒裝是由于語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的要求而必須進(jìn)行的倒裝，例如：Who called me just now?(剛才誰(shuí)打給我?)修辭倒裝是出于修辭的需要而把正常語(yǔ)序轉(zhuǎn)為倒裝語(yǔ)序，例如：Out rushed the children.(孩子們沖了出去)H·Fowler歸納倒裝的原因有九種，即疑問(wèn)、命令、驚嘆、假設(shè)、平衡、銜接、點(diǎn)題(signpost)、否定和韻律(metrical)。這并不完全，還應(yīng)加上強(qiáng)調(diào)和為使描寫更加生動(dòng)兩種。在英語(yǔ)中，倒裝句俯拾即是，用得非常普遍，但漢語(yǔ)卻很少用，所以在翻譯倒裝句時(shí)，仍應(yīng)按原文詞序翻譯，并照顧漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣，以保持譯文句子結(jié)構(gòu)流暢、勻稱。本章只列舉在閱讀文章中常遇到的倒裝現(xiàn)象，以使考生熟悉英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)序上的差異。

　　1. Jack London poured into his writings all the pain of his life,the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him,and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.

　　第一層：Jack London 主 poured 謂 into his writings 狀 all the pain 賓 of his life,定 the fierce hatred 賓 of the bourgeoisie 定 that it had produced in him ,定語(yǔ)從句1 and 連 the conviction 賓 it had brought to him 定語(yǔ)從句2 that the world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise 同位語(yǔ)從句 up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters .北京雅思學(xué)校1187.peixun360.com武漢日語(yǔ)學(xué)校pingcheng.soxsok.com/

　　第二層：(定語(yǔ)從句1)that 引 it 主 had produced 謂 in him 狀

　　(定語(yǔ)從句2)it 主 had brought to 謂 him 間賓

　　(同位語(yǔ)從句)that 引 the world 主 could be made 謂 a better place 賓 to live in 定 if the exploited would rise up and take the man- 狀語(yǔ)從句 agement of society out of the hands of the exploiters.

　　第三層：(狀語(yǔ)從句)if 引 the exploited 主 would rise up 謂 and 連 take 謂 the management 賓 of society 定 out of the hands of the exploiters 狀

　　要點(diǎn) 本句為倒裝句。如果賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，往往將賓語(yǔ)后置，采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，以使句子保持平衡。本句的賓語(yǔ)由三個(gè)并列的名詞構(gòu)成，且第二和第三個(gè)名詞后又帶有限定性定語(yǔ)從句，故采用倒裝語(yǔ)序，將動(dòng)詞poured的賓語(yǔ)放在狀語(yǔ)into his writings之后。all the pain……，the fierce hatred……和the conviction……是poured的三個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ);其中，第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾hatred,it had brought to him修飾conviction,在該定語(yǔ)從句中其關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)而被省略;第二個(gè)that從句則是conviction的同位語(yǔ)從句。

　　雅思閱讀材料之電影阿凡達(dá)

　　科幻大片《阿凡達(dá)》已經(jīng)在中國(guó)大陸上映許久，隨之而來(lái)的觀影熱潮前所未有，影片中外星人的語(yǔ)言相信大家必定很好奇，導(dǎo)演詹姆斯卡梅隆為提升《阿凡達(dá)》故事真實(shí)性，找到語(yǔ)言學(xué)家，專為納美人創(chuàng)造了一種自己的語(yǔ)言。南加州大學(xué)的語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授Paul Frommer就是那個(gè)創(chuàng)造納美語(yǔ)的人。

　　The linguistics expert from the University of Southern California isthe brains behind the language used by James Cameron’s 10-foot-tallalien tribe in the much-anticipated science fiction epic, Avatar。

　　"Jim Cameron’s production department at Lightstorm Entertainment was looking for a linguist that would be able to help him develop an alienlanguage," explains Professor Frommer。

　　"At that time, it wasn’teven called Avatar - it was project 880 - but the e-mail was forwarded to me and I saw it and jumped on it. I was very excited about it. Aweek or two later I was called in for a talk." The language enthusiast managed to persuade Cameron that he was the man to create afunctioning language for a story the director had dreamt up a decadeearlier. "I spent a wonderful 90-minutes with Jim and at the end of it he shook my hand and said ’welcome aboard,’" says Professor Frommer。

　　The pair worked together for four years to develop the Na’vi language。

　　The director had already come up with about thirty words, for the characters’ names and body parts. But he was looking to the professor to give the language an authentic but exotic feel。

　　Crucially, it had to be a language that could be articulated。

　　"This is an alien language but obviously it has to be spoken by human actors," explains Professor Frommer。

　　"It has to be sounds that human beings are comfortable producing."

　　It is a unique language, with its own syntactic and grammatical rules。

　　It screator says some of Cameron’s original words had "a vaguely Polynesianfeel". Others have suggested that it sounds like German or Japanese。

　　As well as creating the language, Professor Frommer taught the actors how to speak it。

　　"I met with each of the seven principal actors who use the language before hand. I helped them with the pronunciation, we broke things down。

　　"I also created some sound files, MP3 files. I guess some of them downloaded them onto their iPods so they could listen to them at thegym."

　　The language currently runs to about a thousand words. It does not have ahuge vocabulary, but Professor Frommer is still working at it. He isalso still trying to master his own language。

　　"I wish I could speak it fluently," he says. "As for who atthis point understands the grammar and such, I think probably I’m theonly one. I wish that eventually that might not be the case." In fact, one day, Professor Frommer hopes Na’vi will match Klingon, as the "gold standard" alien language. "There’s a translation of Hamlet into Klingon," says Professor Frommer. "There are Klingon clubs that meet all over the world. There are a very dedicated group of people who meet and try to speak it. "If anything happened like this with Na’vi I’d be delighted."