完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)與時(shí)態(tài)的一致
完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)與時(shí)態(tài)的一致
過去將來完成時(shí)(past future perfect tense)表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。它的形式由should(第一人稱)或Would(第二、三人稱)加have再加過去分詞構(gòu)成。美國英語一律用Would。
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完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
過去將來完成時(shí)
過去將來完成時(shí)(past future perfect tense)表示在過去將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。它的形式由should(第一人稱)或Would(第二、三人稱)加have再加過去分詞構(gòu)成。美國英語一律用Would。
用法舉例:
He said he would have paid me back the money by the end of the week.他說將在周末前還我錢。
We told him that we should have returned to the camp by four o'clock.我們告訴他我們將于四點(diǎn)前回營地。
I hoped she would have finished the work before I got back.我希望她在我回來之前做完那活兒。
種類
完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)四種。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
1)表示動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。現(xiàn)在這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能已經(jīng)終止,也可能仍然在進(jìn)行著。如:
I have been waiting for you for two hours.我等了你兩個(gè)小刊(動(dòng)作不再延續(xù)下去)
It has been raining for three hours.雨已經(jīng)下了三小時(shí)了。(動(dòng)作可能延續(xù))
He has been working on the paper all day.他整天都在寫論文(動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去,由上下文決定。)
How long have you been learning English? --I have been learning English for two years.你英語學(xué)多久了?--我們學(xué)了兩年了。(動(dòng)作可能延續(xù))
Why are you so dirty - I've been playing football.你身上怎么這樣臟?--我剛才踢足球了。(動(dòng)作不再延續(xù)下去)
2)有些不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如be,have like,love,know,see,hesr等,同樣也不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),而只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如:
She has been ill for a long time.她已經(jīng)病了好久了。
I have not seen you for ages.我好久沒有見到你了。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較
1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作,到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作仍然繼續(xù)下去。如:
I have been reading Lu Xun this week.本周我一直在讀魯迅的著作。(我仍然在讀。)
I have read A Madman is Diary this week.我本周讀了《狂人日記》。(我本周開始讀而且已經(jīng)讀完它了。)
I have read The story of Ah Q before.我以前讀過《阿Q正傳》。(過去經(jīng)歷)
2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的最后結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的直接結(jié)果。如:
Now we have cleaned the room,we can move the things in.房間已打掃過了,我們可以把東西搬進(jìn)去了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)最終結(jié)果)You look so tired. What have you been doing? 你看來很累的樣子,你干什么來著?(強(qiáng)調(diào)直接結(jié)果)
過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(past perfect continuous tense)
1)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式一律為had been + 現(xiàn)在分詞,無人稱和數(shù)的區(qū)別。
2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)間之前開始并延續(xù)到過去這個(gè)時(shí)間,這一動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行,也可能已經(jīng)停止。如:
He told me that he had been waiting for me for two hours.他對(duì)我說他等了我兩小時(shí)。(動(dòng)作不再延續(xù))
The baby had been crying for fifteen minutes when her mother came in.媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí),嬰兒一直哭了十五分鐘。(動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行)
It seemed to her that the boys had been shouting for a long time.她似乎覺得這些男孩一直叫喊了很久。(動(dòng)作可能還在進(jìn)行)
The teacher had been teaching for forty years by the time he retired,這位教師退休前一直教了四十年的書。(動(dòng)作不再進(jìn)行)
"時(shí)態(tài)的一致"
定義
某些從句(主要是賓語從句)中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài),常常受主句中謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的影響,這叫做時(shí)態(tài)的一致(sequence of tenses)。
主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如為現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)時(shí)
從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。如:
He says his father is (was,will be)an engineer.他說他父親是(過去是,將來要做)一個(gè)工程師。
Can you tell me when you finished (will finish) the work? 你可否告訴我你什么時(shí)候完成的(會(huì)完成)這項(xiàng)工作?
主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞如為過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)
從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般須用過去時(shí)態(tài)。這又可分為下面三種情況:
1)如果從句里的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作與主句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,從句須用過去一般時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
He told me he was unwell.他告訴我他不大舒服。
She said her brother was reading a magazine at the moment. 她說她弟弟正在讀一本雜志。
2)如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前,從句須用過去完成時(shí)。如:
He said he had posted the letter.他說他已經(jīng)把信發(fā)了。
Our teacher told us he had been to lndia.我們老師說他到過印度。
3)如果從句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作在主句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后,從句的謂語動(dòng)詞須用過去將來時(shí)態(tài)。如:
They did not know when they would go to the Great Wall. 他們不知道什么時(shí)候去參觀長城。
He said he was going to be an actor after leaving school.他說他畢業(yè)后要當(dāng)演員。
[注]主句的謂語動(dòng)詞如是過去時(shí)態(tài),還須注意下面兩種特殊情況:
1)從句所說明的如果是一般真理或客觀事實(shí),則仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如:
The teacher told the pupils that the earth is round.老師告訴學(xué)生地球是球形體的。
Somebody told me you an a writer.有人告訴我說你是一個(gè)作家。
2)從句如果有表示某一具體時(shí)間的狀語,謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作雖發(fā)生在主句的謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前,一般仍用過去一般時(shí),不用過去完成時(shí)。如:
The teacher told his pupi1s that the Chinese Communist Party was founded in Shanghai in l921. 老師告訴學(xué)生中國共產(chǎn)黨于一九二一年在上海誕生。
My father told me that my grandfather was born in l900.我父親告訴我,我祖父生于一九OO年。
完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)與時(shí)態(tài)的一致相關(guān)文章:
1.英語語法知識(shí):時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)或一致
2.高中英語時(shí)態(tài)用法:現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去完成式
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