高考英語必背知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納
高考英語必背知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納2023
高考完進(jìn)入好的院校，好的學(xué)校各方面的資源是非常豐富的。對于你日后的發(fā)展會起到意想不到的幫助效果。下面是小編給大家?guī)淼母呖加⒄Z必背知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納，希望能夠幫到你喲!
高中英語必背知識點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納
1情態(tài)動詞與助動詞
1、can能，可以，表說話人同意，許可還可表客觀條件許可，如:You can go now.
提建議或請求時(shí)可用can I, can you表客氣，如Can I buy you a drink?
can和be able to表能力時(shí)的區(qū)別。
can表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定條件下的能力，如:Although the driver was badly hurt,he wasable to explain what had happened.
2、may
(1)可以，表說話人同意，許可或請求對方許可。You may go.
(2)(現(xiàn)在和將來)可能，也許，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.
3、must,have to
must表主觀上的必須，have to表客觀上的必須，如:It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now.-Yes,you must.(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)
4、need,dare這二詞有實(shí)意動詞和情態(tài)動詞兩種詞性，如用作實(shí)意動詞后接動詞不定式to do，如用作情態(tài)動詞后接動詞原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.)
5、shall用于第一人稱疑問句中表說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埱?，如，Shall we begin our lesson?用于二、三人稱陳述句，表說話人命令、警告、允諾、威脅等口吻，如: You shall fail if you don't workharder.
6、should表應(yīng)該，意為有責(zé)任，有義務(wù)。如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.
7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，如"Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."
8、should have done表應(yīng)該做而未做
must have done表對過去事實(shí)的肯定推測
could have done表本可以做某事
9、判斷句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't,不太肯定用may,might
He must be in the office now.
He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.
He can't be in the office. He is at home.
He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.
He might be in the office, I am not sure.
He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.
2讓步狀語從句
1、though,although,as的區(qū)別
A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。
B、though引導(dǎo)的從句可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝;as引導(dǎo)的從句必須倒裝;although引導(dǎo)的從句不能倒裝。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞/分詞/副詞/動詞原形/名詞(無冠詞)+as/though+主語+謂語……
2、though可用作副詞，放在句末，意為“不過，但是”。Although無此用法。
3、某些短語也引導(dǎo)讓步的從句或短語，意為“盡管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that,regardless of(the fact that)
句子種類
1、陳述句的否定
(1)在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy,imagine等，且主句主語是第一人稱時(shí)，賓語從句謂語的否定習(xí)慣上要移到主句謂語上，如: I don't think he is right.
(2)含有否定意義的副詞never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子應(yīng)視為否定句，如: I have never been there before.
2、反意疑問句
(1)need和dare 既可作情態(tài)動詞，又可作實(shí)意動詞，在反問部分須加以區(qū)別，如We needn't leave, need we? We don't need to leave, do we?
(2)陳述部分出現(xiàn)否定意義的副詞或代詞如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等時(shí)，反問部分須用肯定形式，如：He seldom comes, does he?
(3)陳述部分用不定代詞作主語時(shí)，反問部分的主語用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?
陳述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主語時(shí)，反問部分常用it，有時(shí)也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?
(4)陳述部分包括used to 時(shí)，反問部分可有兩種形式，如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?
(5)陳述部分是"there + be"結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，反問部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?
(6)陳述部分是含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，反問部分的主語和謂語應(yīng)和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?
但，如果是I think , I believe等+賓語從句時(shí)，反問部分須和從句的動詞保持一致，如，I don't think he is right, is he? I don't believe he does that, does he?
3、感嘆句
用what或how,
What a beautiful park it is.
How beautiful a park it is.
How beautiful the park is.
How we worked!
4、祈使句
Take care!
Don't stand there.
Please open the door for the old lady.
3不定式的構(gòu)成
1、不定式的一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與主要謂語的動作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。
如：They invited us to go there this summer.他們邀請我們今年夏天去那兒。He stood aside for me to pass.他站到一邊讓我通過。
2、不定式的完成式：不定式的完成式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之后發(fā)生，它在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語，有時(shí)也可作主語、定語等。
如：She seemed to have heard about this matter.她似乎已聽說過這件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.我很抱歉讓你等了這么久。
I meant to have told you about it,but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本來想告訴你這件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.對我來說，在你們國家旅行這么多地方是一件很榮幸的事情。
3、不定式的進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式表示正在進(jìn)行的與謂語動詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動作。它在句中可以用作除謂語以外的所有成分。
如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，這些天一直幫我們。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully.他假裝在認(rèn)真地聽老師講課。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.我們沒料到你一直在這兒等我們。
4、不定式的完成進(jìn)行式：如果不定式表示的動作是謂語所表示
5、動詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。如：Try not to be late again next time.盡量下次不要再遲到。He wished us never to meet her again.他希望我們永遠(yuǎn)不要再見到她。
6、疑問詞+動詞不定式：不定式和疑問詞whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how,why等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain,advise,teach,discuss,find out等動詞后面作賓語，有時(shí)也可以充當(dāng)主語、表語等。
如：On hearing the news,he didn't know whether to laugh or to cry.聽到這個(gè)消息，他不知道該哭還是該笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided.什么時(shí)候開會還沒有決定。
The most important problem is how to get so much money.最重要的事情是如何搞到這么多錢。
介詞后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑問詞+不定式短語作賓語。
如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.瑪麗提了一些如何學(xué)習(xí)英語的建議。
I have no idea of how to do it.我不知道該怎么做。
高考英語重點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)：各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)
被動語態(tài)概述
被動語態(tài)的概念：它是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關(guān)系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river.被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成
被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下：
1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+過去分詞
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2.一般過去時(shí)was/were+過去分詞
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3.一般將來時(shí)will/shall+be+過去分詞
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+過去分詞
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+過去分詞
When he got there,the problem was being discussed.
6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.
7.過去完成時(shí)had+been+過去分詞
注意：1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get,stay等也可以和過
去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2.含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.
3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語，其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to+be+過去分詞”和“be to+be+過去分詞”。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4.被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)，與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣，所以應(yīng)注
意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。前者通?？捎胋y 引出動作的執(zhí)行者，而后者則不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞通?？杀籿ery修飾，被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如：He was very excited.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))
He was much excited by her words.(被動結(jié)構(gòu))
5.主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味，如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此時(shí)句子的主語一般是物。
例如：These books sell well.這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut.這門關(guān)不上。
The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。
高考英語重點(diǎn)語法總結(jié)：直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話，叫做直接引語;用自己話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構(gòu)成賓語從句。直接引
語必須放在引號內(nèi)，間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，除將引語部分變成賓語從句外，還必須對直接引語中的人
稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等進(jìn)行改變。
1.時(shí)態(tài)的變化：直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，通常受轉(zhuǎn)述動詞
said,asked等的影響而使用過去化的時(shí)態(tài)，即把原來的時(shí)態(tài)向過
去推，也就是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^去進(jìn)行時(shí)，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等等的變化：
根據(jù)意義進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的變化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時(shí)，都使用陳述語序，但是因?yàn)樵涞木涫讲煌?，所以變成間接引語時(shí)所用的連詞會有所不同
。直接引語如果是一般疑問句，用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句，則用疑問詞引導(dǎo)間接引語。轉(zhuǎn)述的動詞一般用asked，
可以在其后加上一個(gè)間接賓語me,him,her,us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句，改為間接引語時(shí)，要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(
即請求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等動詞，如果祈使句為否定式，則在不定式前加not。其句型為：ask/tell/order someone
(not)to do something.例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.