高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)分詞作狀語(yǔ)
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難點(diǎn)形成原因:
1. 對(duì)在句中作時(shí)間、條件、原因還是別的狀語(yǔ)不是很清楚。
2.分不清何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。
解決辦法：
1.理解分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
2.分清何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。
用法講解：
1. 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件，方式或伴隨狀況。通常可轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)
Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分詞短語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ)
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)
2. 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, if, though, as if, unless等連詞一起作狀語(yǔ)，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
Though tired, he still continued reading.
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法比較。
不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句，如果狀語(yǔ)分句或并列句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過(guò)去分詞;如果狀語(yǔ)分句或并列句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：
When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
分詞部分相當(dāng)于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主語(yǔ)與分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。
When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
When we compare it with the size of the whole earth... 主語(yǔ)與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。
Faced with a bill for,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for,000), John has taken an extra job.
Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing).
注意：
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種時(shí)態(tài)：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或無(wú)先后;完成式則強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作。如：
While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (“等待”先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“意識(shí)到”)
2. 分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成: not +分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.
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高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)分詞作狀語(yǔ)
