高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)用法:過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
高中英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)用法:過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
中學(xué)英語(yǔ)涉及到的時(shí)態(tài)一共有16種,下面給大家準(zhǔn)備了現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法說(shuō)明,希望對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)備考有幫助。
高中英語(yǔ)十六種時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解之現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)既可表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在所造成的結(jié)果或影響(此時(shí)通常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有already, yet, just, ever, before),也可表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還有可能持續(xù)下去(此時(shí)通常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 時(shí)間段, since +時(shí)間點(diǎn), for + 時(shí)間段)。如:
I have just finished my work. 我把工作做完。
Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京嗎?
I have lived for ten years. 我在這兒住了十年了。
We have studied here since 2003. 我們自2003年來(lái)就在這兒讀書(shū)了。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)由“have / has + 過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的應(yīng)用
(1) 非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成時(shí)的肯定式不能與時(shí)間段連用,若要接用時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ),則應(yīng)換成相應(yīng)的持續(xù)動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如:
He has left. 他走了。
He has been away for an hour. 他走了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。
Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本書(shū)嗎?
How long can I keep the book? 這本書(shū)我可借多久?
注意:非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定完成時(shí)可與時(shí)間段狀語(yǔ)連用。如:
He has not borrowed the book since then. 從此以后,他再也沒(méi)有借這本書(shū)了。
(2) have / has been to 表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地,但現(xiàn)在不在那兒;have / has gone to表示現(xiàn)在已去某地,現(xiàn)在不在這兒。如:
He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去過(guò)加拿大,現(xiàn)在在我們公司工作。
Mr. Li is not at home. He has gone to Shanghai. 李先生不在家,他去上海了。
(3) 完成時(shí)的肯定式常用already,而否定式和疑問(wèn)句常用yet,但若already用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí),表示一種出乎意外的驚訝。如:
Have you read it already? 你就看完了?
4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別
(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響,屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)的范疇;一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作所發(fā)生的時(shí)間,屬于過(guò)去時(shí)的范疇。因此,過(guò)去時(shí)需跟過(guò)去時(shí)間連用或有表過(guò)去時(shí)間的上下文連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能與過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。如:
I read the book two weeks ago. 我兩周前讀了這本書(shū)。
I have read the book for two weeks. 這本書(shū)我讀過(guò)兩周了。
(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或剛結(jié)束;而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)目前的狀態(tài)。如:
They have talked for about two hours. 他們談了大約兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù))
They are talking. 他們?cè)谡勗?huà)。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)目前的狀態(tài))
高中英語(yǔ)十六種時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解之過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或表示過(guò)去某一階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如:
I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那時(shí),我正在跟李華談話(huà)。
I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看電視。
2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由“was / were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。如:
I was doing my lessons then. 那時(shí),我在做功課。
We were cleaning the house. 我們?cè)诖驋叻孔印?/p>
3. 使用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn)
(1) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可表示按計(jì)劃、安排過(guò)去某時(shí)刻將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:
He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他說(shuō)他今天下午要去北京。
(2) 動(dòng)詞hope, wonder等的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用來(lái)表示提出要求,雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內(nèi)容,但語(yǔ)氣比一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)要委婉。如:
I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否過(guò)來(lái)跟我們一起活動(dòng)?
(3) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)中有always, forever, continually, constantly修飾時(shí),表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的贊賞或厭煩的感情。如:
He was always thinking of others. 他總是想到人家。
4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別
(1) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù),而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的完成。如:
He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在寫(xiě)作文。(不一定寫(xiě)完)
He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚寫(xiě)了一篇作文。(已經(jīng)寫(xiě)完)
(2) 表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)、感覺(jué)及心理活動(dòng)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般過(guò)去時(shí),但通常不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我討厭人們說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)口里含著食物。
(3) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與always, constantly, forever, continually等連用,表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作”;而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, constantly, forever, continually等連用,表示動(dòng)作的重復(fù),常帶有感情的色彩。如:
He always got up at six. 他過(guò)去總是六點(diǎn)起床。
He was always thinking of his work. 他總是一心想到工作。
(4) 有時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來(lái)替換一般過(guò)去時(shí),但一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示主語(yǔ)的行為是經(jīng)過(guò)認(rèn)真考慮的;而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一種較隨便或沒(méi)有進(jìn)行仔細(xì)考慮的行為。如:
I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以為它會(huì)同意我們的。
I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要說(shuō)服他接受我們的建議。