初一下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)單詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)

時(shí)間：2024-02-10 06:51:12 巧綿20由分享

初一是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的又一大階梯，需要背誦的單詞和短語(yǔ)越來(lái)越多。下面是小編為你推薦初一下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)單詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望能幫到你。

Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. play chess 下國(guó)際象棋 2. play the guitar 彈吉他 3. speak English 說(shuō)英語(yǔ)

4. English club 英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部 5. talk to 跟…說(shuō) 6. play the violin 拉小提琴

7. play the piano 彈鋼琴 8. play the drums 敲鼓 9. make friends 結(jié)交朋友

10. do kung fu 練 (中國(guó)) 功夫 11. tell stories 講故事 12. play games 做游戲

13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末

◆用法集萃 1. play +棋類/球類下……棋，打……球 2. play the +西洋樂(lè)器彈/拉……樂(lè)器 3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅長(zhǎng)做某事 4. be good with sb. 和某人相處地好 5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 6. can + 動(dòng)詞原形能/會(huì)做某事 7. a little + 不可數(shù)名詞一點(diǎn)兒…… 8. join the …club 加入…俱樂(lè)部 9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜歡/喜愛(ài)做某事 ◆典句必背

1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.

3. You can join the English club.

4. Sounds good./That sounds good.

5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.

6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.

◆話題寫作

Dear Sir,

I want to join your organization (組織) to help kids with sports, music and English. My name is Mike. I am 15 years old. I’m a student in No. 1 Middle school. I can play the guitar well. I can sing many songs. I can swim and speak English well, too. I think I can be good with the kids. I also do well in telling stories.

I hope to get your letter soon.

Yours,

Mike

Unit 2 What time do you go to school?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. what time 幾點(diǎn) 2. go to school 去上學(xué) 3. get up 起床

4. take a shower 洗淋浴 5. brush teeth 刷牙 6. get to 到達(dá)

7. do homework 做家庭作業(yè) 8. go to work 去上班 9. go home 回家

10. eat breakfast 吃早飯 11. get dressed 穿上衣服 12. get home 到家

13. either…or… 要么…要么… 14. go to bed 上床睡覺(jué)

15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上

16. take a walk 散步 17. lots of=a lot of 許多，大量 18. radio station 廣播電臺(tái)

19. at night 在晚上 20. be late for=arrive late for 遲到

Unit3 How do you get to school?

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. get to school 到達(dá)學(xué)校

2. take the subway 乘地鐵

3. ride a bike 騎自行車

4. how far 多遠(yuǎn)

5. from home to school 從家到學(xué)校

6. every day 每天

7. take the bus 乘公共汽車

8. by bike 騎自行車

9. bus stop 公共汽車站

10. think of 認(rèn)為

11. between…and… 在…和…之間

12. one 11-year-old boy 一個(gè)11歲的男孩 13.

play with… 和…玩

14. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)

15. have to 不得不

◆用法集萃

1. take…to…= go to…by… 乘…去…

2. How do/does sb get to…? 某人是怎樣到…的?

3. How far is it from…to…? 從…到…有多遠(yuǎn)?

4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?

6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…

7. Thanks for + n./Ving 感謝你(做)某事。

◆典句必背

1. —How do you get to school? 你怎么去上學(xué)?

—I ride my bike. 我騎自行車。

2. How far is it from your home to school? 從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?

3. How long does it take you to get to school? 去上學(xué)花費(fèi)你多久?

4. For many students, it is easy to get to school. 對(duì)很多學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，很容易到達(dá)學(xué)校。

5. There is a very big river between their school and the village. 在他們學(xué)校和村莊之間有一條很大的河流。

◆話題寫作

主題：上學(xué)的交通方式

寫作思路：②開(kāi)篇點(diǎn)題：點(diǎn)出自己的出行方式;②具體內(nèi)容：自己選擇這種交通方式的原因;③結(jié)束語(yǔ): 表明自己的觀點(diǎn)。

The Best Way for Me to Go to School

Different students go to school in different ways in our school, but I llike to go to school on foot.

First, I live near the school, so my home is not far from my school. And it takes me a few minutes to get there. Second, there is a crossing on my way to school, and sometimes the traffic is very busy. I think it is safer to go to school on foot. Third, I think walking is good for my health. It’s a kind of sport and it makes me study better.

So in my opinion, the best way to go to school is on foot. What about you?

Unit4 Don’t eat in class.

◆短語(yǔ)歸納

1. on time 準(zhǔn)時(shí)，按時(shí)

2. listen to… 聽(tīng)……

3. in class 在課上

4. be late for 做……遲到

5. have to 不得不

6. be quiet 安靜

7. go out 外出

8. do the dishes 清洗餐具

9. make brea

七年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

一、詞法

1、名詞

A)、名詞的數(shù)

我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：

一)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans,apples, bananas

二)x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es　如：baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

四)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來(lái)詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯

五)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives,half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

六)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

七)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people, pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

八)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員

九)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers

十)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚 fishes魚的種類,paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡,　orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線lights燈, people人 peoples民族,　time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉　chickens小雞

十一) 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs

十二) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen

B)名詞的格

當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

二)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié),classmates’; Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day三八節(jié)

三)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)

2、代詞

項(xiàng)目人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞

人稱主格賓格形容詞名詞性

第一人稱單數(shù) I me my mine myself

復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves

第二人稱單數(shù) you you your yours yourself

復(fù)數(shù) you you youur yours yourselves

第三人稱單數(shù) she her her hers herself

he him his his himself

it it its its this that itself

復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these thosethemselves

3、動(dòng)詞

A)第三人稱單數(shù)

當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動(dòng)詞那樣加s，如下：

一)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees,dances, trains

二)在x,sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches,washes, wishes, finishes

三)1)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries

2)以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys

四)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes

五)特殊的有：are-is, have-has

B)現(xiàn)在分詞

當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：

一)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing,see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching,go-going, do-doing

二)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing,write-writing, have-having

三)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting,let-letting, begin-beginning

四)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系　die-dying死　lie-lying 位于

4、形容詞的級(jí)

我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：

一) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter –shortest, taller –tallest,longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

二)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

三) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly mostfriendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

四)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))

good/well -better best many/much - more most 　bad/ill– worse worst

little- lessleast old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

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