what與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別分析
what與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別分析
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法讓很多學(xué)生都頭疼，但其實(shí)還是有區(qū)別的，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家?guī)?lái)的有關(guān)于what與that引導(dǎo)名詞的介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
what與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別
I think __________ he needs is more practice.
Yes. __________ he needs more practice is clear.
A. what, What B. that, That C. what, That D. that, What
此題應(yīng)選 C。其余三項(xiàng)均可能被誤選。what 和 that 都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，但有區(qū)別。如：
1. what 引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)，它在從句中要充當(dāng)句子成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等)，而 that 引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)，它在從句中不能充當(dāng)句子成分。
2. what 引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)，它有詞義(表示：什么;所的[東西]);而 that 引導(dǎo)名詞從句時(shí)，它沒(méi)有詞義。
請(qǐng)做以下試題，注意區(qū)別 what 和 that。如：
1. ________ you said is different from the thing ________he told us.
A. What, what B. That, that
C. What, that D. That, what
2. I think ________ he said is true
But dont forget the fact ________he is a cheat.
A. what, what B. that, that
C. what, that D. that, what
3. ________ surprised us most is ________he spoke English so well.
A. What, what B. That, that
C. What, that D. That, what
答案：1. C 2. C 3. C
高中英語(yǔ)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的介紹
1. You went late _______ the stadium yesterday evening, didnt you? Yes, my wife was a little late _______ the supper.
A. to, with B. for, with
C. for, for D. at, for
【陷阱】容易誤選 B 或D。
【分析】答案應(yīng)選 A。第一空填to 比較好理解，因?yàn)榇颂幍膌ate為副詞，用以修飾 go to the stadium 中的動(dòng)詞go;而第二句的 with 則是許多同學(xué)不容易想到的，相反，更多地可能是想到 for，現(xiàn)將兩者區(qū)別如下：be late for表示做某事遲到，而be late with 表示做某事做晚了(=be late in doing sth)。比較：
We were late for dinner. 我們吃飯遲到了。
We were late with dinner [=in having dinner]. 我們吃飯吃得遲。
句中 my wife was a little late with the supper 的意思是我妻子準(zhǔn)備晚飯稍遲了一點(diǎn)。2. We were all worried over _______ you were sick.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
【陷阱】容易誤選A 或 B。
【分析】答案應(yīng)選 D。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，除except, but 等極個(gè)別介詞外，英語(yǔ)介詞后通常不能直接跟 that 從句作賓語(yǔ)。遇此情況，通常是在 that 從句前加上 the fact，此時(shí) the fact 用作介詞賓語(yǔ)，而其后 that 從句則用作 the fact 的同位語(yǔ)。請(qǐng)看類似試題(答案選均D)：
(1) They knew nothing about ______ he was a thief.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(2) She must face up to _______ she is no longer young.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(3) What he said at the meeting referred to _______ he was interested in the project.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(4) Their belief is proved by the fact that the death penalty prevents murder.
A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
(5) The writer is not satisfied with _______ buses are too crowded.A. that B. which
C. what D. the fact that
3. Sometimes our opinions differ _______ what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observed
A. which B. since
C. because D. because of
He was angry because we were late. 他很生氣因?yàn)槲覀冞t到了。
They cant have gone out because the light is on. 他們不可能出去了，因?yàn)闊暨€亮著。
Bread is cheap in this supermarket because they bake it themselves.這家超市的面包是自制的，所以便宜。
假若，一個(gè)從句已經(jīng)有了自己的引導(dǎo)詞，那么它前面就不宜再用 because 這個(gè)連詞了。如：She got angry because of what you said. 她哭是因?yàn)槟阏f(shuō)的話。
句中的 what 相當(dāng)于 the thing that，也就是說(shuō) what you said 相當(dāng)于 the thing that you said。其中 the thing 用作 because of 的賓語(yǔ)，而that you said 為修飾 the thing 的定語(yǔ)從句。
He lost his job because of how he treated his boss. 他因?yàn)閷?duì)老板的態(tài)度(不好)而丟了工作。
句中的 how 相當(dāng)于 the way in which，也就是說(shuō) how he treated his boss相當(dāng)于 the way in which he treated his boss。其中 the way 用作 because of 的賓語(yǔ)，而in which he treated his boss 為修飾 the way 的定語(yǔ)從句。
4. How long have you been an actor? _______ 1995, when I graduated from college.
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案為D。若僅從答句來(lái)看，四個(gè)答案都說(shuō)得過(guò)去。但若結(jié)合問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)境以答案應(yīng)選D，因?yàn)槠溆嗳x項(xiàng)填入空格均不能回答問(wèn)句所提出的問(wèn)題。比較：
When did you became an actor? _______ 1995, when I graduated from college.
A. After B. In
C. From D. Since
此題選B，因?yàn)閱?wèn)句問(wèn)的是when(何時(shí))，所以用 in 1995 來(lái)回答便順理成章。
請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧深}：
(1) How long have you worked on the farm? ____ the end of last year.
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案選D，用 since the end of last year 回答 how long，即問(wèn)句問(wèn)工作了多久，答句說(shuō)自去年年底至今。
(2) How long will you work on the farm? ____ the end of next year.
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案選B，問(wèn)句問(wèn)將工作多久，答句說(shuō)工作明年明底。
(3) When did you leave the farm? ____ the end of last year.
A. In B. By
C. At D. Since
答案選C，問(wèn)句問(wèn)何時(shí)離開，答句說(shuō)去年明底離開。
5. Dont be angry _______ me for not having written. I was really too busy.
A. about B. with
C. to D. for
【陷阱】容易誤選B。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的對(duì)某人生氣，將其中的對(duì)直譯為to。
【分析】最佳答案為 B。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，要表示對(duì)某人生氣，通常用 be angry with [at] sb，要表示對(duì)某事生氣，通常用 be angry at [about] sth(在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中也用 be angry with sth，但不說(shuō) be angry with sb)。比較以下表達(dá)，其中的對(duì)也不用to來(lái)翻譯：
你對(duì)這些安排感到滿意嗎?
誤：Did you feel satisfied to the arrangements?
正：Did you feel satisfied with the arrangements?
老師應(yīng)該對(duì)他的學(xué)生嚴(yán)格要求。
誤：Teachers should be strict to their students.
正：Teachers should be strict with their students.
6. In those days, we had no phones, so we have to keep in touch _____ writing often.A. with B. of
C. on D. by
【陷阱】容易誤選A。根據(jù) keep in touch with (與保持聯(lián)系)這一常用搭配推出。
【分析】正確答案是D。by 在這里表示方式，by writing 意為通過(guò)寫信，全句意為我們通過(guò)經(jīng)常寫信保持聯(lián)系。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磶桌?均與介詞搭配有關(guān))：
(1) Weve talked a lot _______ films. How _____ television now?
A. of, with B. with, towards
C. about, about D. for, about
此題不要受 a lot of的影響而誤選A。若第一空選 of，a lot of cars 即為動(dòng)詞 talk 的賓語(yǔ)，但實(shí)際上動(dòng)詞 talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能后接賓語(yǔ)。最佳答案應(yīng)是C，句中的a lot是修飾動(dòng)詞 talked 的狀語(yǔ)，talk about才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 全句意為我們對(duì)電影已談了不少，現(xiàn)在談?wù)勲娨曉趺礃? What about意為怎么樣，用于征求意見。
(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
A. as B. with
C. of D. by
有的同學(xué)一看到句中的 regard 和選項(xiàng)中的 as，馬上就聯(lián)想到 regard as (把當(dāng)作)這一搭配，從而斷定此題應(yīng)選A。但是錯(cuò)了，原因是將此搭配套入原句，句子意思不通。正確答案是B，句意為我們大家都很同情這位老人。
高中except賓語(yǔ)從句的介紹
1. except+that從句
He has not changed at all except that he is no longer so talkative. 他一點(diǎn)也沒(méi)變，只是不像以前那樣愛(ài)說(shuō)話了。
She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她對(duì)他什么都不記得，只記得他的頭發(fā)是黑的。
This suit fits me well except that the trousers ale too long. 除了褲子太長(zhǎng)，這套衣服我穿很合適。
2. except+if從句
Ill take the job except if the pay is too low. 除非工資太低，否則我會(huì)接受這一工作的。
3. except+what從句
He has nothing now except what we owe him. 除了我們欠他的錢外，他現(xiàn)在是一無(wú)所有了。
I know nothing about it except what I read in the paper. 除了我從報(bào)上看到的東西外，我對(duì)此一無(wú)所知。
4. except+when從句
Im as good a cook as she is except when it comes to (making) pastry. 我做飯做得和她一樣好, 就是不會(huì)做油酥餡餅。
The old lady never spoke to anyone except when someone came to visit her. 老太太從來(lái)不跟任何人說(shuō)話，除非有人來(lái)探望她。
5. except+where從句
My papers seem to be everywhere except where they ought to be. 我的文件似乎完全不在它們應(yīng)該放置的地方。
6. except+why從句
I understand everything except why she killed him. 我一切都明白，只是不理解她為什么把他殺死了。
He told his parents everything except why he needed so much money. 他把一切都告訴他父母了，只是沒(méi)有告訴他們他為什么要那么多錢。
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