高中提升閱讀能力的方法詳解
閱讀理解是高中英語試卷中站分?jǐn)?shù)比較多的，學(xué)生想要節(jié)省作閱讀理解的時(shí)間，需要知道一些提升閱讀能力的方法，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)砀咧虚喿x理解能力提升的方法介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中提升閱讀能力的方法
一、定義猜詞法
即根據(jù)定義猜測詞義的方法。需要定義或解釋的單詞或短語大多是專有名詞、生僻詞或文中的關(guān)鍵詞，作者為了使讀者正確理解它們，就得做出較淺顯的解釋或說明。
例一：Giraffe is an animal with a very long neck, four legs and orange skin with dark spots.
根據(jù)后面對 Giraffe 的解釋，它的詞義為“長頸鹿”。
例二：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
由定義可知 Anthropology 的詞義為“研究人類的科學(xué)”即“人類學(xué)”。
例三：What is plagiarism? It is using others’ ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.
根據(jù)定義我們知道plagiarism的詞義為“剽竊”。
二、定語從句
定語從句對先行詞起限定、修飾或解釋作用，因此我們可以利用定語從句來推測先行詞的詞義。
例一：Second generation Puerto Ricans who were born in New York but who have returned to the island, are called Nuvoricans.
Nuvoricans 的詞義可以由Second generation Puerto Ricans后面的兩個(gè)定語從句來得到， 即生在紐約，后又回到波多黎各的人。
例二：Psychophysiology is a science which deals with the relationship between mind and body.
根據(jù)定語從句我們可以看出Psychophysiology的意思為“身心聯(lián)系的科學(xué)”，即“心理生理學(xué)”。
三、同位短語或同位語從句
同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號連接，有時(shí)也用破折號、分號、引號和括號連接。
例一：According to a report published on the British medical magazine, The Lancet, a study of ten German mobile phone users found that when they turned on their phones, their blood pressure goes up by 5 to 10 millimeters of mercury.
根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)的知識，我們知道The Lancet是the British medical magazine的同位語，由此可知The Lancet是一個(gè)雜志的名稱。
例二：Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
兩個(gè)逗號中間的短語the study of the meaning of words是Semantics的同位語，意為“對詞義進(jìn)行研究的科學(xué)”， 即“語義學(xué)”。
四、對比結(jié)構(gòu)
尋找文中相互對比、相互對照的線索來確定生詞的含義。
在此類文章中，通常會出現(xiàn)一些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折、對比的詞語：however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, instead of, while, unlike, not, although, yet, despite, in spite of, in contrast, etc.
例一： A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
根據(jù)句法結(jié)構(gòu)可知the adept workers和 the unskilled ones.為對比關(guān)系，意義相反。由the unskilled ones可推出the adept workers為熟練工人。
例二：Someone liked milk, but others abhorred it.
通過but我們知道abhor是like的反義詞，意為“厭惡”。
五、并列平行結(jié)構(gòu)
它表示意義上的并列或相似關(guān)系。表示并列關(guān)系的詞語為and, similarly, like, just as, also, etc.
例一：A child’s birthday party does not have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anacleria, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.
分號前后為兩個(gè)并列平行的分句，后一句意為“生日聚會可以充滿快樂、樂趣”，我們可以推測hassle意為“混亂”。
例二：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.
baffled 和beaten為并列平行關(guān)系，根據(jù)beaten可以推測出baffled意為“難倒，使受挫，阻礙”之意。
例三：John loves to talk, and his sisters are similarly loquacious.
根據(jù)and和similarly判定短語loves to talk 和loquacious.之間為同義比較，意為“健談的”。
六、因果關(guān)系
它也是推測詞義的一種重要方式。我們可以通過結(jié)果推測原因，亦可通過原因推測結(jié)果。
例句：The girl began to feel homesick because she had been away from her family for years.
根據(jù)原因狀語從句和homesick本身的構(gòu)詞方法，我們推斷它的詞義為“想家的”。
七、舉例法
即通過生詞后面所舉的例子來推斷生詞的含義。
例句：In this reading room, you can find almost all periodicals in China, such as: The World of English, Foreign Language in School, English Learning or Readers.
我們根據(jù)后面所舉的例子，不難推斷出periodicals是“期刊”之意。
八、語境線索或上下文
即利用語境來推測生詞含義的方法。這是我們用來推測詞義的主要方法之一。
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
“My grandmothers did not do anything, but keep house and serve everybody, they were programmed to do that,” said Emily Cornette, head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society.
根據(jù)上下文我們可以很容易得出chapter的詞義為這個(gè)組織the Red Hat Society的一個(gè)分支。
例二：As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency ( 一貫性 )is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality ( 道德 ). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and don’t practice what they preach ( teach ), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure ( 不穩(wěn)定 )when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
根據(jù)上下文我們可知precept的詞義為“說教”。
例三：Here are some simple ways to beat the stress often caused by our inventions!
Don’t be available all the time. Turn off your mobile phone at certain times of the day. Don’t check your e-mail every day. Don’t reply to somebody as soon as they leave a text message just because you can. It may be fun at first, but it soon gets annoying.
根據(jù)語境我們知道available的詞義為“可與之交談的”或“有空的”。
例四：We found that bar at last. I didn’t have to ask again, for there it was in big letters over the window—Star Bar. There were some iron tables outside with plastic chairs around them. A few people sat listlessly around, looking at a portable television set that someone had brought out of the bar. They were all in thin summer dresses or short sleeved-shirts; even at that late hour it was stifling. Two thin dogs lay under one of the tables with their tongues out, and some of the women were fanning themselves unenthusiastically (無精打采的) with magazines.
根據(jù)語境我們猜出stifling的詞義為“極熱的”。
九、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的暗示
例一：The days of elderly women doing nothing but cooking huge meals on holidays are gone. Enter the Red Hat Society—a group holding the belief that old ladies should have fun.
破折號后面的部分對the Red Hat Society作了解釋，是“一個(gè)認(rèn)為老年人應(yīng)該有自己樂趣的團(tuán)體”。
例二：The largest player—Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices—deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite.
第二個(gè)破折號后面的deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches應(yīng)該指的是汽車的品牌或種類。
十、同義詞的替代關(guān)系
例句：Although he often had the opportunity, Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he didn’t want to jeopardize his future.
為避免重復(fù)使用endanger一詞， 用同義詞jeopardize來替代它, 我們推知jeopardize詞義為“使陷入危險(xiǎn)，危及，危害”。
十一、利用主系表結(jié)構(gòu)來猜詞
主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的句子有兩種功能：一是說明主語的形狀和特征;二是主語和表語是同位關(guān)系。
例一：To malign is to slander an innocent person.
表語意為“誹謗無辜的人”， 那樣主語就是“中傷，誹謗”的意思。
例二：Insomnia is the inability of falling asleep or sleeping restlessly.
表語意為“睡不著”，主語Insomnia無疑就是“失眠”了。
十二、生活常識
根據(jù)日常生活中的常識和相關(guān)的背景知識，大膽想象，合理發(fā)揮，推測出生詞的含義。
例一：Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows.
根據(jù)常識我們知道鼠類一般藏在洞里，因此生詞burrows的意思為“地洞，洞穴”。
例二：The snake slithered through the grass.
根據(jù)有關(guān)蛇的生活習(xí)性的知識，我們可以推測出slithered的詞義為“爬行”。
十三、構(gòu)詞法
英語詞匯的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：派生，合成，轉(zhuǎn)化構(gòu)詞。
我們主要利用派生構(gòu)詞來推斷生詞的含義。
詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根的前面或后面加上詞綴，可以用來引申或轉(zhuǎn)變原詞的意義。一般來說，前綴改變詞根的意思;后綴改變詞性。
常見的前綴有：super- 超……
mini- 小型的……
re- 再，又……
post- 后
pre- 前
fore- 前
under- 下
后綴有：
-ment 名詞的后綴
-less 不，無
-proof 防……的
例句：Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you can’t see or even hear the person, it would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone says “She is a 12-year-old girl ”could really be an old man.
根據(jù)語境和misrepresent的構(gòu)詞方式， 前綴mis-的意思是“誤，錯-的”，詞根represent的意思是“表達(dá)，展示”之意, 合在一起我們知道m(xù)isrepresent的詞義為“誤述，歪曲”。
十四、文中代詞指代的推測
高考題年年考查對文中代詞實(shí)際指代的對象。一般來說它實(shí)際指代的對象在含有代詞的句子前半部分或前一句話。我們把它叫做“前指”。
例一：Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped at noon as the press rported the story. And even if they start again, Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.”We have more important things to do,” he said.
根據(jù)我們上面講到的，they應(yīng)該指上一句中的Demands for pigeon-delivered money。
例二：The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
根據(jù)語境them.指代上文的readers。
高中英語作文加分的點(diǎn)睛之句
笨鳥先飛早入林
Clumsy birds have to start flying early。
冰凍三尺，非一日之寒
It takes more than one cold day for the river to freeze threefeet deep。
OR：
The ground is frozen three feet deep --a rather longprocess。
長江后浪推前浪
In the Changjiang River the waves behind drive on thosebefore。
滴水穿石
Constant dripping wears away a stone。
光陰似箭，日月如梭
Light travels like an arrow, and time like a shuttle。
老馬識途
An old horse knows the way。
麻雀雖小，五臟俱全
The sparrow may be small but it has all the vital organs。
青出于藍(lán)而勝于藍(lán)
Indigo blue is estracted from the indigo plant, but is bluer thanthe plant it comes from。
山外有山，天外有天
There are mountains beyond mountains, and heavens beyondheavens。
山重水覆疑無路，柳暗花明又一村
A sudden glimpse of hope in the dark mist of bewilderment,it`s along lane that has no turning。
萬事開頭難
The first step is always difficult。
萬丈高樓平地起
High buildings rise from the ground。
有利必有弊
Everything has its advantages as well as disadvantages。
機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來
Don`t lose a golden opportunity, it is never foud again。
謀事在人，成事在天
Man proposes, God disposes。
人逢喜事精神爽
People are in high spirits when involved in happy events。
人生如夢
Life is but like a passing dream。
仁者見仁，智者見智
A true man loves the mountains, a wise man loves the sea。
人非圣賢，孰能無過
All men but saints are apt to make mistakes。
失敗是成功之母
Failure is the mother of success。
一失足成千古恨
A single slip can cause a lasting sorrow。
有所不為，而后有所為
You must be able to refrain yourself in some matters in order toaccomplish others。
飲水不忘挖井人
Don`t forget the well – diggers when you drink from thiswell
己所不欲，勿施于人
Don`t do to others what you don`t want others to do to you 。
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