2018考研英語(yǔ)倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)解析
2018考研英語(yǔ)倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)解析
在考研英語(yǔ)中,倒裝句可以說(shuō)是一個(gè)重點(diǎn)。本文為大家進(jìn)行了考研英語(yǔ)句子倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的詳細(xì)解析,幫助大家解決這部分的語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)。以下是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的2018考研英語(yǔ)倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)解析,希望能幫到你。
2018考研英語(yǔ)倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)解析
▶倒裝形式
在英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐中,由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的要求,或是由于修辭的需要,往往要改變句子的自然語(yǔ)序,把一些本應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后的句子成分提到主語(yǔ)之前。我們把這種語(yǔ)序的變化稱為"倒裝語(yǔ)序"。這樣的倒裝語(yǔ)序可能使句子的內(nèi)在含義產(chǎn)生細(xì)微的、甚至明顯的改變。只有了解引起倒裝的原因,才能更準(zhǔn)確地理解句子的含義。
倒裝語(yǔ)序分為完全倒裝和部分倒裝。完全倒裝(Full Inversion),又稱"全部倒裝",是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)(又稱半倒裝句),指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。
考研英語(yǔ)翻譯中倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的突破口在于:識(shí)別出倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),并判斷出主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),找到句子主干,理清句中各部分的關(guān)系。翻譯時(shí)既可以按照主謂語(yǔ)的順序翻譯,也可以按照英語(yǔ)表達(dá)順序翻譯。
▶真題例句1
With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.
【解析】
第一個(gè)句子主語(yǔ)centralization后面緊跟著第二個(gè)句子介紹centralization的內(nèi)容,為使其保持緊湊,所以將介詞短語(yǔ)With economic growth置于句首,第一個(gè)句子采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是:Centralization has come with economic growth。全句共有3個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:has come,live和have been abandoned,分號(hào)連接了兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子,所以主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是:has come和live, where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾cities。
▶真題例句2
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
【解析】
句子主語(yǔ)regions還帶有一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)of isolated volcanic activity和過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)known to geologists as hot spots作后置定語(yǔ),使得主語(yǔ)部分較長(zhǎng),為保持句子平衡,將分詞短語(yǔ)scattered around the globe置于句首,引起倒裝。按照正常語(yǔ)序句子主干應(yīng)該是:More than 100 small regions … are scattered around the globe。此句為簡(jiǎn)單句,所以只有1個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 are。
2018年考研英語(yǔ)必考的七種倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu)
一、here, there,now, then開(kāi)頭的句子,句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子要發(fā)生完全倒裝。
例:Here comes the train! / There goes the bell !
二、介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)位于句首,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子要完全倒裝。
例:In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
三、表否定的副詞或短語(yǔ)位于句首,句子要發(fā)生部分倒裝。
常見(jiàn)否定副詞:not , not only ,few, barely,never , little , seldom , hardly,scarcely, ...
常見(jiàn)表否定的短語(yǔ):in no way, by no means, at no time, under no circumstance...
例:Little dotheyknow about him.
Seldom doesshe come back on Sundays.
注:not only ... but also ...引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列句,前倒后不倒。
例:Not only doesshe do well in herlessons, but alsoshe often helps others with their lessons.
四、Only+狀語(yǔ)(從句)位于句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝。
例:Only then did I realize the importanceof English.
五、if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中,如有were ( had , should ) , if則可省去,,把were,had,should提到主語(yǔ)前面, 發(fā)生部分倒裝。
例:倒裝前Ifwehad come yesterday,wewould have seen him.
倒裝后Hadwecome yesterday,wewould have seen him.
六、so…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的倒裝。
如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)so所修飾的形容詞或副詞,常將so及它所修飾的形容詞或副詞一起提到句首。這時(shí),主句要發(fā)生部分倒裝:
例:倒裝前:She runs so fast thatshe is far ahead of others.
倒裝后:So fast doesshe run thatshe is far ahead of others.
七、as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,要發(fā)生部分倒裝。
1.副詞置于句首。
例:Much asshelike it (=Althoughshelike it very much), I will not buy it.
2.動(dòng)詞置于句首。
例:Wait aswemay (= Althoughwemay wait), he will not seeus.
3.形容詞或名詞置于句首。
例:Child as he is (=Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.
注:當(dāng)名詞前有形容詞修飾時(shí),as引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中要保留不定冠詞。
例:A bad-tempered man as he is (=Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.
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