考研英語閱讀各題型解題要點(diǎn)
考研英語閱讀時(shí)英語科目復(fù)習(xí)的重中之重，尤其是沖刺階段，閱讀一定要注意掌握方法技巧，提高速度和準(zhǔn)確率，這樣才可以提高自己升學(xué)率。今天小編給大家整理了考研英語閱讀各題型解題知識(shí)，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。
考研英語閱讀解題要點(diǎn)
一、細(xì)節(jié)題
【解題方法】題干+選項(xiàng)精確定位法
【解題步驟】
1. 找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章
返回原文可依據(jù)以下幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)來：
1)可以根據(jù)題干所列的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物、事物返回原文;
2)根據(jù)出題的順序返回原文;
3)根據(jù)題干中或四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的重點(diǎn)詞，或同義詞返回原文;
4)通過長(zhǎng)難句返回原文。
2. 將所選答案精確定位到文章
【例題】2014年Text 1
21. According to Dumn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A] A big house
[B] A special tour
[C] A stylish car
[D] A rich meal
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1 題干定位
Dumn and Norton--- Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton
According to---say
the most rewarding ---far better
purchase--- to spend money on
因此，答案定位在 experiences like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema.
2 選項(xiàng)定位
答案[B] A special tour
special----interesting 表示"特別的，有趣的";
a tour----trips 表示"旅程"。
二、推理題
【解題方法】段落中心句+具體細(xì)節(jié)
【解題步驟】
1.找出題干關(guān)鍵詞，精確定位到文章段落。
2.找出該段落的中心句。
3.將段落中心句與具體細(xì)節(jié)句相結(jié)合，與選項(xiàng)匹配。絕大多數(shù)推理題答案是文章中心或原文某句話的同義表達(dá)。正確答案與原文之間基本上不存在推理關(guān)系。
【例題】2014年Text 1
24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money ____.
[A] has left much room for readers' criticism
[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C] has predicted a wider income gap in the US.
[D] may give its readers a sense of achievement
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors' policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1. 題干定位
題干關(guān)鍵詞：the last paragraph
Happy Money----this book
2. 段落中心句
該段中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)句間轉(zhuǎn)折詞yet和but，中心句應(yīng)為最后一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的句子，所以本段的中心句為most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent。
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)
[B] may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
worthwhile purchase ---- money well spent 意思是"這本書值得購買"
三、主旨題
【解題方法】主題詞+串線法
【解題步驟】
1. 找出文章的主題詞，通常為名詞。
2. 找出文章各個(gè)段落的中心句，并將中心句串在一起。
3. 宏觀閱讀，匹配選項(xiàng)。正確選項(xiàng)通常體現(xiàn)全局以及概括性信息，因此選項(xiàng)不能選擇局部信息，也不能選擇范圍過寬的信息。
【例題】2014年Text 1
25. This text mainly discusses how to____.
[A] balance feeling good and spending money
[B] spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D] become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms. Dumn and Mr. Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time - as stories or memories - particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors' policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
【解題步驟應(yīng)用】
1. 文章主題詞：spending money, happiness
2. 各個(gè)段落的中心句
第一段：最后一句。該句指出如果老婦人希望這筆新得到的財(cái)富獲得長(zhǎng)期的成就感(lasting feelings of fulfillment)，那么最好讀一下《開心理財(cái)》這本書。
第二段：第五句。該句指出《開心理財(cái)》這本書的兩位作者的觀點(diǎn)，即最好把錢花在一些經(jīng)歷上，這些經(jīng)歷會(huì)隨著時(shí)間的流逝變得更有價(jià)值(more valuable with time)。
第三段：第一句。該句指出這本書主要涉及的內(nèi)容是給人們提出了一些"如何從錢財(cái)中獲得最大幸福感"(happiness bang for your buck)的建議。
第四段：最后一句。該句指出，這本書值得夠買，體現(xiàn)出作者對(duì)這本書持肯定態(tài)度，即作者贊同這本書中的觀點(diǎn)。
3. 匹配選項(xiàng)
[C] obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
文章的主題詞：money spent
lasting satisfaction ---- happiness
考研英語閱讀解題技巧
(一)泛讀：
1.通讀全文，把握中心。
2.仔細(xì)審題，返回原文。
3.重疊選項(xiàng)，得出答案。
(二)精讀：
1.抓住文章的中心和論述的宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)。
2.認(rèn)真把握各段大意，爭(zhēng)取用1-2個(gè)詞或者短語概括其意，并把意義相近的段合并成為一個(gè)整體。
3.以段為單位，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行更加深入的分析，也就是對(duì)單詞，詞組的背誦以及對(duì)長(zhǎng)句的精確翻譯，整文的朗讀和背誦。
4.佳句摘錄，模仿寫作。
5.換位思考，分析出題人為什么選這樣的文章，難度在哪里，論述的結(jié)構(gòu)是什么。并對(duì)每一個(gè)選項(xiàng)都精確分析，找出正確答案在文中的出處，給出選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤的理由。
考研英語閱讀理解解題方法
答案都在文中
總結(jié)英語閱讀理解的考題題型不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，大部分考察的都是細(xì)節(jié)，即對(duì)文中某一段、某一句話、甚至某一個(gè)單詞和短語的理解，同時(shí)也考主旨，即對(duì)整篇文章主旨大意的理解。不管是哪種考察方式，都講究一個(gè)“準(zhǔn)”字，也就是說，所謂的理解，都是建立在忠實(shí)于原文的基礎(chǔ)之上的，既不會(huì)很淺顯，也不會(huì)過分延伸。要想理解的精準(zhǔn)，就必須要回到原文，答案都在文章中。正確的答案雖然不是照搬原文，但也一般是原文的另一種表達(dá)方式，不會(huì)有很大的偏差或延伸。因此，做閱讀理解過程中，一定不要“腦洞大開”，天馬行空地想當(dāng)然，任性地做出主觀臆斷，老老實(shí)實(shí)回到文章中去找答案才是正解。
帶著問題讀文章
由于考場(chǎng)上時(shí)間有限，而閱讀又是一項(xiàng)需要深耕細(xì)作的精細(xì)活兒，要想正確快速地理解文章，有時(shí)需要一些技巧。建議2016考研的小伙伴，做閱讀理解之前先把問題快速瀏覽一遍，這樣能對(duì)文章要講的內(nèi)容大致有了一個(gè)了解，同時(shí)又知道了問題是在問什么，然后帶著這些問題去讀文章，在閱讀到考點(diǎn)所在的部位時(shí)，就能快速敏感地做出應(yīng)答。不僅答題速度能提升，準(zhǔn)確率也有保證。
巧用定位法
有時(shí)我們需要借助一些方法來快速精準(zhǔn)地在原文中找到考察點(diǎn)。一般來說，一篇文章中，考點(diǎn)的分布是有規(guī)律可循的。比如說，考點(diǎn)和題目對(duì)應(yīng)的順序一般是一致的，比如第一題的考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在了第二段，那么第二題的考點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)的第一段的可能性就不太大，往往是在第二段之后。當(dāng)然，主旨考察題例外，它需要你讀完文章有一個(gè)整體的把握。又比如，如果題目中出現(xiàn)了一些比較顯眼的名詞或數(shù)字，尋找這些名詞或數(shù)字，你也能很快在文中找到相對(duì)應(yīng)的考點(diǎn)。再比如，文章的開頭、結(jié)尾、段落轉(zhuǎn)折處、舉例說明處，都是比較容易出考點(diǎn)的地方，閱讀時(shí)可以特別留意一下。
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