托福閱讀提分秘訣：吃透典型例題，舉一反三

為了幫助大家在托福閱讀上面不丟分，下面小編給大家?guī)硗懈ｉ喿x的高分經(jīng)驗(yàn)，快來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧!

托福閱讀提分秘訣：吃透典型例題，舉一反三

學(xué)員姓名：歐陽同學(xué)

托福成績(jī)：閱讀 26 聽力 19 口語 23 寫作 24

歐陽，一個(gè)謙和有禮的高中女生，也是“殺托”路上的蕓蕓眾生之一。在她身上有著高中女生的一切特質(zhì)：她懷揣遠(yuǎn)大理想，在陽光下快樂生活，總體算得上是學(xué)習(xí)努力，但是有時(shí)還是克服不了自己的“小懶惰”。

“其實(shí)我最想申請(qǐng)美國耶魯大學(xué)的傳媒系，但這真的只是夢(mèng)想啦。”說起理想學(xué)校的時(shí)候，她略顯羞澀。歐陽說耶魯大學(xué)的托福分?jǐn)?shù)要求是110分，而她的成績(jī)離這個(gè)要求差的還遠(yuǎn)，究其原因在于之前備考的時(shí)候總是犯懶，不愛做題，練習(xí)量少的可憐。她在新東方在線的輔導(dǎo)老師也笑說，小姑娘每次預(yù)約課程幾乎都是在臨考前，而英語是點(diǎn)滴功夫，不能一蹴而就。

于是這對(duì)師生開始針對(duì)性的調(diào)整教學(xué)內(nèi)容和方法，最近的一次考試中，她通過吃透老師給出例題的方式，找到了閱讀提分的訣竅，在閱讀單項(xiàng)上取得了6分的重大突破。

典型例題舉一反三，事半功倍

之前的幾次托?？荚囍?，歐陽的閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)都在20分左右徘徊。在描述自己這次如何突破閱讀瓶頸的時(shí)候，她著重提到了她的閱讀老師Wendy。她說Wendy老師針對(duì)她不高的詞匯量和較少的題庫儲(chǔ)備，制定了專屬于她的備考方法——用講解TPO典型例題的方式進(jìn)行全方位教學(xué)。這種方式好在讓學(xué)生通過徹底弄懂一道題的方式來解決一種題型。她還提到，為了檢驗(yàn)自己是否完全掌握了一類題型的解題方法，她會(huì)在老師講解清楚后重新再將自己的聽課所得講給老師聽一遍，不對(duì)的讓她糾正，直到都說準(zhǔn)確為止。

提高閱讀速度，找關(guān)鍵詞、信息點(diǎn)

歐陽說自己成功還源于改變了閱讀習(xí)慣，使讀文章的速度提升了。相比以前自己毫無章法的通篇閱讀，現(xiàn)在的她會(huì)帶著找關(guān)鍵詞和信息點(diǎn)的任務(wù)去讀文章，這樣做最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是可以提速，同時(shí)也強(qiáng)化了文章重點(diǎn)的記憶，便于考生把握文章。不過她自己也承認(rèn)，閱讀習(xí)慣的改變并不是一件容易的事，只能通過不斷的練習(xí)來實(shí)現(xiàn)，讓大腦熟悉這個(gè)過程，直至最后變成條件反射。

最后，歐陽還大方分享了自己口語單項(xiàng)的備考技巧：研究口語范文，考前幾天要堅(jiān)持練習(xí)機(jī)經(jīng)，培養(yǎng)語感。

其實(shí)身為一個(gè)高中生，歐陽同學(xué)將近100分的托福分?jǐn)?shù)完全滿足大多數(shù)美國大學(xué)的申請(qǐng)條件。但當(dāng)筆者問起她是否會(huì)繼續(xù)考下去的時(shí)候，她的回答毫不猶豫——為了將那個(gè)看似遙不可及的理想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)，她義無反顧地選擇了繼續(xù)“殺托”。新東方在線也祝福這個(gè)為理想堅(jiān)定信念的女孩，祝福她早日拿到耶魯大學(xué)的offer，未來的學(xué)習(xí)之路一帆風(fēng)順!

托福閱讀提分方法詳解!兩招!

第一招：花兩三分鐘時(shí)間掃描每篇托福閱讀文章頭一兩個(gè)句子，定位文章難易程度。雖然平均每篇文章做題時(shí)間為11分鐘，但是有的文章七八分鐘便可以輕松對(duì)付，有的文章則需要15分鐘左右。

一般來說，5篇托福閱讀文章中有2篇難度大一些，比方說：如果最后一篇文章難度大，且12-14道題，在這種情況下，按部就班做題就有可能因時(shí)間不夠而做錯(cuò)好幾道題，帶來巨大的損失。因此首先定位文章難程度，同時(shí)目測(cè)文章的含金量(即題量分布)，有助于科學(xué)分配閱讀部分的做題時(shí)間。

第二招：采取"結(jié)構(gòu)掃描"法閱讀具體的一篇文章。所謂結(jié)構(gòu)，即文章的骨架子。托福閱讀文章是純學(xué)術(shù)體(Academic)，是北美國際留學(xué)生在大學(xué)里天天都能接觸到的教科書風(fēng)格的文章，這些文章涉及人文社科和自然科學(xué)，均議論文、說明文，最顯著的特點(diǎn)是呈板塊結(jié)構(gòu)。

文章均由數(shù)個(gè)自然段組成，正確的閱讀文章的方法應(yīng)該是把文章首句先吃透，文章首句經(jīng)常為文章主題。然后把首段的其他句子盡快略讀，文章其他段落采取同樣的方法閱讀。各段落其他句子一般來說都是用來說明各個(gè)段落的主題句，沒有必要每個(gè)句子理解難度大，而不涉及考題，在此句停留無疑是白白浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

所以，采取"結(jié)構(gòu)掃描"法，意味著以最快捷的方式了解托福閱讀文章大意，從而正確引導(dǎo)下一步做具體的題，而不至于出現(xiàn)大方向的理解錯(cuò)誤。

新托福閱讀背景知識(shí)：英屬北美殖民地的建立

The continent's first inhabitants walked into North America across what is now the Bering Strait from Asia. For the next 20,000 years these pioneering settlers were essentially left alone to develop distinct and dynamic cultures. In the modern US, their descendants include the Pueblo people in what is now New Mexico; Apache in Texas; Navajo in Arizona, Colorado and Utah; Hopi in Arizona; Crow in Montana; Cherokee in North Carolina; and Mohawk and Iroquois in New York State.

The Norwegian explorer Leif Eriksson was the first European to reach North America, some 500 years before a disoriented Columbus accidentally discovered 'Indians' in Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti) in 1492. By the mid-1550s, much of the Americas had been poked and prodded by a parade of explorers from Spain, Portugal, England and France.

The first colonies attracted immigrants looking to get rich quickly and return home, but they were soon followed by migrants whose primary goal was to colonize. The Spanish founded the first permanent European settlement in St Augustine, Florida, in 1565; the French moved in on Maine in 1602, and Jamestown, Virginia, became the first British settlement in 1607. The first Africans arrived as 'indentured laborers' with the Brits a year prior to English Puritan pilgrims' escape of religious persecution. The pilgrims founded a colony at Plymouth Rock, Massachusetts, in 1620 and signed the famous Mayflower Compact - a declaration of self-government that would later be echoed in the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution. British attempts to assert authority in its 13 North American colonies led to the French and Indian War (1757-63). The British were victorious but were left with a nasty war debt, which they tried to recoup by imposing new taxes. The rallying cry 'no taxation without representation' united the colonies, which ceremoniously dumped caffeinated cargo overboard during the Boston Tea Party. Besieged British general Cornwallis surrendered to American commander George Washington five years later at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781. In the 19th century, America's mantra was 'Manifest Destiny.' A combination of land purchases, diplomacy and outright wars of conquest had by 1850 given the US roughly its present shape. In 1803, Napoleon dumped the entire Great Plains for a pittance, and Spain chipped in with Florida in 1819. The Battle of the Alamo during the 1835 Texan Revolution paved the way for Texan independence from Mexico, and the war with Mexico (1846-48) secured most of the southwest, including California.

The systematic annihilation of the buffalo hunted by the Plains Indians, encroachment on their lands, and treaties not worth the paper they were written on led to Native Americans being herded into reservations, deprived of both their livelihoods and their spiritual connection to their land. Nineteenth-century immigration drastically altered the cultural landscape as settlers of predominantly British stock were joined by Central Europeans and Chinese, many attracted by the 1849 gold rush in California. The South remained firmly committed to an agrarian life heavily reliant on African American slave labor. Tensions were on the rise when abolitionist Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860. The South seceded from the Union, and the Civil War, by far the bloodiest war in America's history, began the following year. The North prevailed in 1865, freed the slaves and introduced universal adult male suffrage. Lincoln's vision for reconstruction, however, died with his assassination. America's trouncing of the Spaniards in 1898 marked the USA's ascendancy as a superpower and woke the country out of its isolationist slumber.

The US still did its best not to get its feet dirty in WWI's trenches, but finally capitulated in 1917, sending over a million troops to help sort out the pesky Germans. Postwar celebrations were cut short by Prohibition in 1920, which banned alcohol in the country. The 1929 stock-market crash signaled the start of the Great Depression and eventually brought about Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, which sought to lift the country back to prosperity. After the Japanese dropped in uninvited on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the US played a major role in defeating the Axis powers. Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 not only ended the war with Japan, but ushered in the nuclear age. The end of WWII segued into the Cold War - a period of great domestic prosperity and a surface uniformity belied by paranoia and betrayal. Politicians like Senator Joe McCarthy took advantage of the climate to fan anticommunist flames, while the USSR and USA stockpiled nuclear weapons and fought wars by proxy in Korea, Africa and Southeast Asia. Tensions between the two countries reached their peak in 1962 during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The 1960s was a decade of profound social change, thanks largely to the Civil Rights movement, Vietnam War protests and the discovery of sex, drugs and rock & roll. The Civil Rights movement gained momentum in 1955 with a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama. As a nonviolent mass protest movement, it aimed at breaking down segregation and regaining the vote for disfranchised Southern blacks. The movement peaked in 1963 with Martin Luther King Jar’s 'I have a dream speech' in Washington, DC, and the passage of the landmark 1964 Civil Rights Act and 1965 Voting Rights Act. Meanwhile, America's youth were rejecting the conformity of the previous decade, growing their hair long and smoking lots of dope. 'Tune in, turn on, drop out' was the mantra of a generation who protested heavily (and not disinterestedly) against the war in Vietnam. Assassinations of prominent political leaders - John and Robert Kennedy, Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jar - took a little gloss off the party, and the American troops mired in Vietnam took off the rest. NASA's moon landing in 1969 did little to restore national pride. In 1974 Richard Nixon became the first US president to resign from office, due to his involvement in the cover-up of the Watergate burglaries, bringing American patriotism to a new low.

The 1970s and '80s were a period of technological advancement and declining industrialism. Self image took a battering at the hands of Iranian Ayatollah Khomeini. A conservative backlash, symbolized by the election and popular two-term presidency of actor Ronald Reagan, sought to put some backbone in the country. The US then concentrated on bullying its poor neighbors in Central America and the Caribbean, meddling in the affairs of El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama and Grenada. The collapse of the Soviet Bloc's 'Evil Empire' in 1991 left the US as the world's sole superpower, and the Gulf War in 1992 gave George Bush the opportunity to lead a coalition supposedly representing a 'new world order' into battle against Iraq. Domestic matters, such as health reform, gun ownership, drugs, racial tension, and gay rights, balancing the budget, the tenacious Whitewater scandal and the Monica Lewinsky 'Fornicate' affair tended to overshadow international concerns during the Clinton administration. In a bid to kick start its then-ailing economy, the USA signed NAFTA, a free-trade agreement with Canada and Mexico, in 1993, invaded Haiti in its role of upholder of democracy in 1994, committed thousands of troops to peacekeeping operations in Bosnia in 1995, hosted the Olympics in 1996 and enjoyed, over the past few years, the fruits of a bull market on Wall St. The 2000 presidential election made history by being the most highly contested race in the nation's history.

The Democratic candidate, Al Gore, secured the majority of the popular vote but lost the election when all of Florida's electoral college votes went to George W Bush, who was ahead of Gore in that state by only 500 votes. Demands for recounts, a ruling by the Florida Supreme Court in favor of partial recounts, and a handful of lawsuits generated by both parties were brought to a halt when the US Supreme Court split along party lines and ruled that all recounts should cease. After five tumultuous weeks, Bush was declared the winner. The early part of Bush's presidency saw the US face international tension, with renewed violence in the Middle East, a spy-plane standoff with China and nearly global disapproval of US foreign policy with regard to the environment. On the domestic front, a considerably weakened economy provided challenges for national policymakers. Whether the US can continue to hold onto its dominant position on the world stage and rejuvenate its economy remains to be seen.

英屬北美殖民地的建立(1607--1733)

北美洲原始居民為印第安人。16-18世紀(jì)，正在進(jìn)行資本原始積累的西歐各國相繼入侵北美洲。法國人建立了新法蘭西(包括圣勞倫斯流域下游大潮區(qū)，密西西比河流域等處);西班牙人建立了新西班牙(包括墨西哥和美國西南部的廣大地區(qū))。1607年，英國建立了第1個(gè)殖民據(jù)點(diǎn)—詹姆士城，此后在大西洋沿岸陸續(xù)建立了13個(gè)殖民地。到達(dá)殖民地的大多數(shù)是西歐貧苦的勞動(dòng)人民，也有貴族、地主、資產(chǎn)階級(jí)，以英國人、愛爾蘭人、德意志人和荷蘭人最多。移民中有逃避戰(zhàn)禍和宗教迫害者，有自愿和非自愿的“契約奴”以及乞丐、罪犯;還有從非洲被販運(yùn)來的黑人。

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