托福寫(xiě)作：攻破“奇葩題”的制勝法寶—拆分法

　　在托福寫(xiě)作考試的考場(chǎng)上，同學(xué)們最高興的事莫過(guò)于碰到慣例題，用上課所學(xué)的“全能理由法”就能夠做到文思泉涌?？墒且苍S碰上看似棘手的“奇葩題”，怎么完美處理“奇葩題”、做到險(xiǎn)中求勝就需求用上化繁為簡(jiǎn)的“拆分法”。請(qǐng)看下文！

　　托福寫(xiě)作：攻破“奇葩題”的制勝法寶—拆分法

　　咱們先來(lái)看以下一個(gè)比方，選用的標(biāo)題為2016年4月23日：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.一拿到這道題，許多同學(xué)會(huì)想當(dāng)然地把標(biāo)題當(dāng)作“playing sports的好處”并用全能理由法給出了三個(gè)理由：削減壓力(alleviate pressure)、保持健康的身體狀況(maintain healthy physical condition)以及拓展人際圈(extend your scope of relationship)?？墒菑念^看標(biāo)題，才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)key words限定于“體育是不是能夠教會(huì)大家日子中的道理”，之前的全能理由也都用不上了。這種狀況怎么辦呢?本來(lái)，在碰到思路有局限的標(biāo)題時(shí)，拆分法是取勝的不二法門(mén)，咱們能夠挑選讓標(biāo)題里的key words具體化。比方，這道題傍邊，出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)關(guān)鍵字叫做 “sports”，運(yùn)用拆分法咱們能夠先把sports拆成各種運(yùn)動(dòng)品種football、long-distance running、badminton，再給出相應(yīng)的理由——football (realize the importance of cooperating)/ long-distance running(persistence is required in achieving success)/ badminton (find out thesignificance of conducting flexible strategies)，最終在依據(jù)分觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行別離的打開(kāi)和證明，文章就得以成型。

　　下面我將用四道題由易至難來(lái)進(jìn)一步展現(xiàn)怎么運(yùn)用“拆分法”。

　　丨選用2016年11月12日

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People can solve important problems in their daily life on their own or with the help from families; the help from the government is not necessary.這道題傍邊，不管選前者仍是后者，都能夠用拆分法解題。比方，咱們挑選的thesis為“政府在幫助大家處理平時(shí)日子中重要問(wèn)題方面起到很大的作用”，就能夠運(yùn)用拆分法把狀況具體化。思路能夠?yàn)椋喊选眕roblem”進(jìn)行具體化拆分，考慮日子中面臨的啥嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題是需求政府干涉和處理的。這時(shí)分咱們也許就想到醫(yī)療方面需求政府provide basic medical insurance，交通方面improve the construction of urban traffic facilities以及面臨高犯罪率，需求政府come up with strategies to decrease the criminal rate。

　　丨選用2015年7月11日

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Teachers should be paid at least as much as doctors, lawyers or business leaders are paid. 在這道題中，假如一時(shí)想不到合適的思路，能夠運(yùn)用拆分法。題干傍邊，咱們能夠挑選 “teachers”作為被拆分的主體。依照時(shí)刻，能夠分為小學(xué)教師、中學(xué)教師以及大學(xué)教師。假如基地觀點(diǎn)立意為“教師值得高薪”，則三個(gè)分觀點(diǎn)能夠別離為：小學(xué)教師play a pivotal role in cultivating children’s initial values of distinguishing right from wrong，中學(xué)教師instill vital theoretical knowledge for high school students to establish their knowledge system，大學(xué)教師provides professional guidance for college students to find out their career path。最終得出結(jié)論，恰是由于這三點(diǎn)理由，所以能夠得出各個(gè)期間的教師都需求取得高薪。

　　丨選用2014年11月11日

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Advertisements make

　　products seem better than they are.媒體類題關(guān)于同學(xué)們來(lái)說(shuō)也許會(huì)有些陌生，但實(shí)際上運(yùn)用拆分法，也能夠極好的解題。面臨這道標(biāo)題，咱們能夠很容易地找出關(guān)鍵字為“廣告”，依據(jù)拆分法，advertisements能夠依照廣告的種類進(jìn)行具體化剖析，比方分為“播送廣告”(radio advertisements)、“電視廣告”(TV commercials)、“雜志廣告”(magazine advertisements)。接下來(lái)，考慮的有些是這三類廣告別離怎樣使得商品比真實(shí)狀況看起來(lái)非常好。也許能夠給出的理由比方：播送廣告通常會(huì)運(yùn)用專家采訪來(lái)進(jìn)步商品成效的可信度(enhance the reliability of target products’ efficacy) 、電視廣告經(jīng)過(guò)招引觀眾的廣告語(yǔ)來(lái)強(qiáng)化商品的質(zhì)量 (using appealing slogans to emphasize the quality of products) 、雜志廣告里常見(jiàn)的辦法是經(jīng)過(guò)處理圖像來(lái)強(qiáng)化商品作用 (intensify product effect through processing the images) 。

　　丨選用2015年1月31日

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The rules that the whole societies today expect to young people to follow and obey are too strict。這道題許多同學(xué)剛拿到的時(shí)分都有種無(wú)從下手的感受，可是冷靜冷靜下來(lái)，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)最優(yōu)的辦法是挑選拆分。例如，咱們挑選的基地觀點(diǎn)為：rules并沒(méi)有過(guò)于嚴(yán)厲。在整個(gè)題干中，咱們能夠挑選拆分 ”the whole societies”，剖析在哪些地方，學(xué)生遇到的rules是有必要的。這時(shí)分，咱們就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在校園里學(xué)生被請(qǐng)求一致穿校服 (in order to reduce comparison among students from different family backgrounds)，在家庭傍邊孩子被請(qǐng)求尊老愛(ài)幼 (which is crucial for establishing a harmonious family)，在社會(huì)傍邊，法令對(duì)年輕人的喝酒年紀(jì)有請(qǐng)求 (for the sake of young people’s well-being)。經(jīng)過(guò)拆分，咱們很快能夠把這道題的思路拓展。

　　信任同學(xué)們經(jīng)過(guò)今日的獨(dú)家托福寫(xiě)作周報(bào)，能夠愈加了解怎么運(yùn)用拆分法來(lái)處理托福實(shí)考中不是很容易回答的標(biāo)題，做到遇到“奇葩題”也能夠穩(wěn)操勝券!

　　托福綜合寫(xiě)作對(duì)考生有哪些要求

　　在托福綜合寫(xiě)作學(xué)習(xí)中，托福寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的閱讀與聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容是學(xué)生必須要扎實(shí)掌握的部分。由于托福綜合寫(xiě)作對(duì)學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)和寫(xiě)作規(guī)范要求頗高，因此在復(fù)習(xí)托福綜合寫(xiě)作時(shí)，要對(duì)托福綜合寫(xiě)作要求內(nèi)容熟悉掌握。

　　托福綜合寫(xiě)作字?jǐn)?shù)要求：從不愿公開(kāi)設(shè)定字?jǐn)?shù)下限的ETS 終于在新托福綜合寫(xiě)作字?jǐn)?shù)做出了規(guī)定：在綜合寫(xiě)作部分的Direction中標(biāo)明“通常一篇有效的寫(xiě)作需要150 ～225字”。這個(gè)要求只是“建議性”的，并不是硬性規(guī)定。針討綜合寫(xiě)作的字?jǐn)?shù)，ETS指出：考生所寫(xiě)內(nèi)容能回答考題，考生不會(huì)因?yàn)槌鲆?guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)而被扣分?？忌奈恼虏o(wú)上限，在這里提醒大家，考生可以在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)盡其所能地寫(xiě)，但寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容要切題。

　　托福綜合寫(xiě)作筆記要求：在閱讀和聽(tīng)力過(guò)程中，考生都能得到一張草稿紙供記筆記使用。事實(shí)上，合理高效的筆記方法確實(shí)是在最后“寫(xiě)”的過(guò)程中能否寫(xiě)的全面，寫(xiě)的正確的最關(guān)鍵因素之一。但是，記筆記是有技巧的。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，閱讀文章會(huì)有一個(gè)中心思想和由此中心思想延伸出的三個(gè)“點(diǎn)”。而這三個(gè)點(diǎn)，又是考生將會(huì)在之后的聽(tīng)力中聽(tīng)到的將會(huì)被支持或者駁斥的。

　　托福綜合寫(xiě)作觀點(diǎn)要求：在閱讀文章中用三個(gè)段落進(jìn)行標(biāo)示，而在聽(tīng)力的語(yǔ)段中則有各種不同的連接手法來(lái)表現(xiàn)這三個(gè)點(diǎn)，因此，專家建議考生要熟悉各類表并列，遞進(jìn)，列舉等的連接手法，以確定自己能夠?qū)⒙?tīng)力中的三點(diǎn)找出來(lái)。如果這點(diǎn)沒(méi)有做到，語(yǔ)法再嚴(yán)絲合縫，詞藻再華麗，也無(wú)法獲得令人滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)?；陂喿x和聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)段信息整合得出的內(nèi)容才是綜合寫(xiě)作要求考生描寫(xiě)的。因此，考生不能將自己的觀點(diǎn)加入其中，否則將會(huì)因?yàn)椴环峡荚囈蠖豢鄯帧?/p>

　　托福寫(xiě)作獲得高分的五個(gè)技巧

　　第一方面：不要使用長(zhǎng)句

　　長(zhǎng)句有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，一是中國(guó)學(xué)生水平不夠，很難寫(xiě)出語(yǔ)法沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤、意思表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確的長(zhǎng)句，語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤、幾個(gè)逗號(hào)連用、倒裝從句混合是經(jīng)常的。二是看essay的人也是人，經(jīng)常是那種大學(xué)生研究生，沒(méi)人愿意看長(zhǎng)句混在一起的文章，短句更能讓人看懂，并且表達(dá)意思更加清晰，準(zhǔn)確。

　　第二方面：細(xì)節(jié)要注意

　　出現(xiàn)My brother, friend的時(shí)候加上名字，出現(xiàn)university的時(shí)候要給上名字，給出事例的時(shí)候要給出時(shí)間地點(diǎn)人物，沒(méi)人愿意看“我的弟弟去了一個(gè)大學(xué)，然后再大學(xué)里交了很多朋友，后來(lái)去了公司里那些朋友成為了他的財(cái)富”，而“我的弟弟Dan去了Upenn讀書(shū)，在學(xué)校里認(rèn)識(shí)了Jeff、Dennis等好朋友，而他后來(lái)去Google公司工作的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們成為了自己一生寶貴的財(cái)富”比上面那句好了很多。實(shí)在要寫(xiě)流水賬也要寫(xiě)出細(xì)節(jié)和感覺(jué)。

　　第三方面：瞎編要編的像

　　如果對(duì)于一個(gè)事情，不是你親身經(jīng)歷的，但你也要寫(xiě)出親身經(jīng)歷的感覺(jué)來(lái)。不能讓人一看就是在胡編亂造一通。這樣你的托福作文分?jǐn)?shù)不會(huì)太高的。

　　點(diǎn)擊下載《新托福寫(xiě)作真經(jīng)4》 pdf版

　　第四方面：自己的事例難寫(xiě)，最好不要寫(xiě)

　　如果自己沒(méi)有這方面的事例，可以拿別人的事例過(guò)來(lái)用，但一定要真實(shí)。不能讓人一看就太假的感覺(jué)。

　　第五方面：積累，積累，再積累

　　托福寫(xiě)作范文：保護(hù)環(huán)境與提供更多的糧食哪個(gè)重要?

　　寫(xiě)作題目：

　　Modern agriculture methods damage the environment, but providing food for the growing population around the world is more important than protecting the environment.現(xiàn)代的農(nóng)業(yè)作業(yè)方法對(duì)環(huán)境有傷害，但是給全世界與日俱增的人群提供糧食比保護(hù)環(huán)境更重要。

　　范文：

　　Modern agriculture methods like the use of pesticides and artificial fertilizers are widely used around the world. Along with such brings forth negative effects. The most obvious and detrimental impact of modern agriculture methods is environmental degradation. Many people believe that the environmental risks should not be taken into consideration since many people are suffering from the lack of food. I certainly disagree with this.

　　To begin with, despite the fact that there are people who suffer from starvation, the reason is not because of the lack of food. As a matter of fact, tons of grains and corns are wasted every year. If the government and the general public really care about starving people, they should have enough ability and adequate materials to offer help. People suffer just because of bad management, worldwide corruption, and terrible indifference. So there is no need to destroy wilderness areas or use environmentally-damaging agricultural methods to increase productivity. The world nowadays has more food than we need. As long as corruption and bad management are eradicated, the world would see less people starving.

　　Besides, the statement asserts that providing food for a growing number of people is more urgent than the protection of environment. I find this statement totally unconvincing. People’s survival depends on the environment. More often than not, whenever the environment gets damaged, the deleterious effects are always irreversible. In other words, once the environment on which we depend on is disrupted, our lives are placed at risk. Modern agriculture, although it provides enough food, has contaminated the water and soil. When people eat crops grown with polluted water and soil, diseases will break out sooner or later. Genetically modified crops, although their negative effects are not obvious and not yet confirmed, should also be treated with great care, for it is reported that dogs, cats, and other pets become sick after ingesting GM food. If human beings are negatively affected by modern agriculture, untold dire consequences will arise. People will suffer from diseases and the government will shoulder considerable medical bills. Worse, the society may become unstable and inharmonious.

　　From the above discussion, I can draw the conclusion that there are other more effective methods to address starvation. No matter how much food we produce, as long as corruption and wasteful use exist, there will always be starving people. Besides, a healthy natural environment is a basic requirement of our survival. We cannot increase food production at the expense of our environment, lest we are bound to suffer for our inconsideration and recklessness.

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