悄悄告訴你4個托福寫作高分技巧

　　在托福考試過程中想拿到高分，那就一定要保證閱讀和寫作能拿到高分。那么托福作文要怎么才能拿高分?這是很多同學(xué)都困惑的一個問題。托福獨立寫作高分不是簡單的背誦模板，模仿寫作就能實現(xiàn)的。托福作文思路的順暢、內(nèi)容的邏輯性、語言的包裝等等都是關(guān)乎托福作文成績的因素。下面，我就為大家介紹4個能拿高分的托福寫作技巧，希望能幫助大家進行托福作文備考。

　　悄悄告訴你4個托福寫作高分技巧

　　一、簡化內(nèi)容，確保文章符合邏輯

　　內(nèi)容簡單化是考生在構(gòu)思新托福作文時應(yīng)遵循的原則，考生不論是在練習(xí)時還是在考場上都應(yīng)當牢記這一點。ETS出托福作文試題時特別注意選擇一些彈性不是很大的題目，因為托?？荚囎鳛橐环N語言測試方式，其重點在于測試考生英語語言水平，考生在構(gòu)思時只要保證自己的內(nèi)容符合邏輯，能夠言之有理、言之成理、切題即可，然后把更多的注意力放在如何追求語言的得體性上。

　　在考場上，考生在構(gòu)思內(nèi)容上所花的時間不應(yīng)超過5分鐘，在認真讀題并將其理解透徹以后，考生可以在試卷題目下方的空白處列一個簡短的提綱，用中文即可，以此作為寫作過程中內(nèi)容的提示，在提筆開始寫作的過程中就可將重點放在保證語言的流暢得體上，不會因為內(nèi)容而中斷思路。

　　二、結(jié)構(gòu)模式化 ，強化寫作練習(xí)

　　托福高分作文的第二大策略是結(jié)構(gòu)模式化，這也是最核心的一條策略。通覽以往的托福作文考題，細心的考生不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，托福作文考題不僅題目彈性很小，而且題型相結(jié)穩(wěn)定，這就為考生在短期內(nèi)提高作文分數(shù)創(chuàng)造了一個條件，使考生完全可以在考前針對考試中可能出現(xiàn)的題型按照固定的結(jié)構(gòu)模式進行訓(xùn)練。新托福作文考題從語言形式上可大致分為三個類型，第一種為二選一，即題目給出兩種觀點，問考生傾向于哪一種觀點，但近兩年這類題目轉(zhuǎn)向隱蔽化，考生要學(xué)會“撥云見日”，將隱蔽的題目轉(zhuǎn)化成熟悉的題型。

　　三、包裝語言，練習(xí)句法結(jié)構(gòu)

　　做到內(nèi)容簡單化和結(jié)構(gòu)模式化，考生就已經(jīng)向托福高分作文的目標邁進了一大步，如果考生還能在語言的細節(jié)上下一些功夫，托福作文的分數(shù)就會更上一層樓，這也就是我們接下來要談的第三大策略：語言要包裝。托福高分作文明確要求句子要做到多樣化，所以最好不要全盤使用簡單句，這樣會降低文章的層次、復(fù)雜句和簡單句應(yīng)在文章中交叉出現(xiàn)，而對一些描述性的例證以及臨時想起的內(nèi)容可以使用簡單句。

　　在引用名人名言時考生也要特別注意：中國人習(xí)慣用別人說的話來證明自己的觀點，而西方人引用名人名言通常都是為了進行批判性分析，這也是東西方文化上的一大差異，建議考生心意一不要使用名人名言，而應(yīng)當用自己的邏輯去說服對方。在對所用表達法把握很大的情況下，考生不妨在作文中寫一些地道的英語習(xí)語。

　　四、考前強化，重在看范文

　　建議考生托福作文的每個題型寫兩篇文章，對照范文找差距，不斷修改，不斷完善，這個過程不僅會幫助考生強化固定的結(jié)構(gòu)模式，還可以使他們在語言方面做好準備。練習(xí)的要點是宜精不宜多，不要走入只寫不改、以多求勝的誤區(qū)。另外考生要多研究范文，而不是機械地背誦范文，研究范文要抓住文章的構(gòu)思、結(jié)構(gòu)、句式、詞匯等方面;考生可以在范文旁邊寫下自己的評語：別人為什么這樣寫，這樣寫究竟高明在哪里，這個句式為什么要在這里用，可不可以移入自己的文章等等，從而把文章徹底理解并消化吸收。

　　上述就是關(guān)于托福寫作高分的幾個小技巧，每個技巧都需要不斷地練習(xí)和思考才能達到一定的熟練程度，進而有一個質(zhì)的飛躍。托福作文的提高不是一蹴而就的，各個方面都需要做一定的準備和一定時間的積累。

　　托福寫作得分點--立論句到底如何寫

　　例如在題目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is betterto work in large companies than in small ones.”，選擇agree，三個主題句可以是：

　　The first reason is that a large company can provide more opportunities to develop one’s ability

　　Another reason for choosing a big company involves welfare.

　　A third reason is that one who appreciates the unique culture of abig enterprise will become a more responsible person to the society.

　　在托福寫作中，三個主題句可以說是作文中最重要的一組句子，因為主題句對段落起到“提綱挈領(lǐng)”的作用，同時對整篇文章的結(jié)構(gòu)清晰度和文章邏輯性也至關(guān)重要。

　　如何將這個理由“完整”“清晰”“出彩”的表達出來就是本文討論的話題。

　　首先，每段主題句通常都位于段首，緊跟于“first, second, third”這些“信號詞”之后。除此之外還需要注意以下幾點。

　　丨簡明扼要

　　主題句需要讓讀者看到之后能夠快速、準確地把握本段的主要內(nèi)容。這要求我們在寫主題句的時候，一方面內(nèi)容要簡單，另一方面用語要凝練。

　　先來看一個反面例子：

　　“First and foremost, television, invented in the last century, withits wide availability and increasingly prosperous programs ,becomes one of the most powerful means of communication in history, and is more and more difficult to ignore”

　　這個主題句涵蓋的內(nèi)容太多，讀完這個句子，讀者根本不明白本段是要陳述電視節(jié)目蓬勃發(fā)展(increasingly prosperous program), 要強調(diào)電視是最強力的交流工具(the most powerful means of communication in history),還是要論證電視不可被忽視(difficult to ignore)，這就是一個典型的內(nèi)容太復(fù)雜的主題句。

　　再看一個反例:

　　“First of all, following the new customs can show a sense of respect,which can allow a better and faster adaption inside the local population so that they make more friends.”

　　這個句子也有兩個論點：表示尊重(show a sense of respect)，擴大社交(make more friends),同樣也使讀者不能抓住本段的主要內(nèi)容。

　　如何避免這種錯誤，使主題句內(nèi)容簡單呢?很簡單，首先做到每個主題句有且只有一個論點。論點就是指我們頭腦風(fēng)暴時候想到的那些“key words”，比如健康，安全，情感等等，每段寫一個，不要把健康和安全放在同一個段落，也不要把情感和成功放在同一個段落。

　　例如上面第二個例子，我們只需要刪去一個論點，就可以變得非常簡潔：

　　“To start with, accepting cultures in the foreign country is an indispensable element that contributes to the expansion of social circle.”這是一個簡潔的主題句，只有擴大社交(contributes to the expansion of social circle)這一個論點。

　　論點唯一還不一定能完全做到簡潔，來看另一個反例：

　　“The first reason why letting children care for animals isnot the best way to teach them about responsibility is that it could negatively impact a child’s health.”

　　這句話雖然只有一個論點，可是用語太繁雜，讓人頭暈。主題句的語法不建議太復(fù)雜，建議大家把花式操作留到其他部分去秀，在主題句，只要寫一些簡單句，例如：“First, raising pets will exert a negative impact on a child’shealth.”就行了。

　　丨不是陳述事實

　　來看下面兩個句子：

　　A: “First, some children might be infected by feeding animals.”

　　B: “First, raising pets could negatively impact a child’s health.”

　　哪一個是好的主題句呢?

　　答案是B。

　　因為A句的內(nèi)容是一個“純粹的事實”，而B句則是“抽象的概念”(exert negative impact)，換言之，A句可以作為B句的例子，但B句不能作為A句的例子。

　　陳述事實的句子是不能作為主題句的，事實是不言自明的。不言自明，也就不需要后面的文字來“論證”了。主題句需要寫“a sentence that you could give examples for”，而不能寫一個 “example”。

　　來練習(xí)判斷下面幾組句子中哪一個可以做主題句呢?

　　A: “Second, the academic performance of some children becomes poor after they are responsible for caring for a pet.”

　　B：“Second, caring for a pet could disrupt a child’s regular studies.”

　　A: “First, people could learn how to communicate with eachother through participating in community activities”

　　B: “First, participating in community activities is apractical and effective approach to enhance their social skills.”

　　A: “First, letting children take care of animal is a good suggestion for the reason that kids like animals.”

　　B: “To start with, raising pets fill friendship vacuums and satisfy people’s need to nurture"

　　(答案：三組都是B句較好)

　　丨使用高級詞匯

　　很多同學(xué)要問，如果主題句中不建議使用復(fù)雜句型，又不能出現(xiàn)多層結(jié)構(gòu)，那如何顯示自己的語言功力呢?要知道我們展示語言能力的地方并非只有復(fù)雜的句型，豐富和精準的詞匯使用，同樣可以展示英語的專業(yè)程度。比如

　　“First, go to museums can teach people different kinds of knowledge”

　　→ “First, visiting museums provide people with an opportunity to comprehend a vast amount of knowledge”

　　想想看，如果原本句子中只會寫“good”之處，替換為“advantageous, beneficial, effective, efficacious, favorable,invaluable, rewarding, unparalleled, unprecedented”等等詞匯，效果是不是更好呢?如果多次出現(xiàn)“important”的地方，改寫為“central, critical ,crucial, decisive, essential, pivotal, primary,principal, vital，a key to, an indispensable part, play a pivotal role, attach great importance to”會不會增加可讀性呢?

　　托福寫作模板：年輕時去旅行是否更好

　　題目：

　　Do you think that it’s better to travel to different countries when you are young than when you are older?

　　范文1：Argument 1 (for)

　　It is better for people to travel to different countries when they are young than to wait until they are older. Younger travelers gain many useful experiences and skills. By waiting until they are adults, people lose out on many opportunities that could assist in situations throughout their lives.

　　Travel is an opportunity to supplement education about new places, cultures, people, and languages. A basic understanding of such things is taught in schools, but travel provides students with an opportunity to experience such things in person. Therefore, travel rounds out a classical education and solidifies what is learned. For example, a person may take several years of a foreign language such as German in school, but never have a chance to practice outside of the classroom. That person will invariably forget most of the language. However, if that person goes to Germany and talks with local people, he or she will remember the words better and develop a stronger understanding of the language and culture.

　　Not only does travel reinforce standard education, but it is also a chance to get a viewpoint that is not taught in formal academic settings. Going to new places opens doors for making friends and seeing life from a different angle. Such an expansion helps break down dangerous stereotypes and biases that lead to hatred, prejudice and war. It is important to have these experiences as early in life as possible to create a more just and equal society.

　　Finally, travel develops self-confidence. People learn to deal with situations outside their familiar rage. It is good for young people to gain the confidence that they can cope with new experiences on their own. Even simple activities like finding a meal or riding a bus can be extremely challenging when using a different language in a new place. Self-confidence is essential for decision making and problem solving, which are both necessary for work and social situations throughout life. Therefore, it is good for young people to travel so they are not afraid of dealing with new situations throughout their lives.

　　Travel reinforces a regular education and provides a perspective not found in classrooms. It also boosts self-confidence. Therefore, it is good for people to travel when they are young rather than just wait until they are older.

　　托福寫作模板：如何提升演講能力

　　題目：

　　After your presentation, which way would you choose to identify your weakness and improve your presentation?

　　1) reviewing the recording on your own;

　　2) inviting your colleagues or classmates to make suggestions for improvement.

　　范文1：For Choice 1

　　To improve my performance after giving a presentation, it is best to review a recording of it by myself. This process lets me observe all aspects of the presentation, evaluate changes at my own pace, and avoid being defensive.

　　First, a video recording gives significantly more information than just relying on comments made by colleagues or classmates. I can analyze and improve on even small points that others may not have noticed or found worth mentioning. For example, a couple years ago, I gave a presentation that I had extensively prepared for. It had strong organization and flow. Classmates raved about the content, but mentioned that I looked scared. I was confused, because I had felt confident. However, I noticed in the video later that I was continually fingering my notes. For my next presentation, I placed the notes within view but did not hold them, rendering my appearance more professional.

　　Another reason I prefer watching a recording is my pace of learning. I can focus on the points I want to redo, replaying the material as often as I want, confirming even tiny details. In fact, I can even take long breaks to think about what I see or to try out alternate delivery styles. I do not have to inconvenience my friends by asking them for feedback or taking up their time. If others are involved in the evaluation process, I feel much more rushed because I do not want to bother people who have agreed to help me.

　　Finally, reviewing a recording by myself eliminates a serious problem that hinders progress: my pride. I do not like to admit it, but I often get defensive about feedback and want to explain why certain things happened. I feel resentful about negative comments rather than see them as stepping stones towards improvement. It is a natural tendency, but it definitely hinders my ability to assimilate outside feedback. Furthermore, friends try to be polite, so they may not mention minorpoints that I might have improved because they don’t want to seem too critical. Emotions get in the way of a thorough critique.

　　To improve my future performance, I find it best to review videos of my presentations by myself. I can evaluate all aspects of the presentation, take as much time as I need, and avoid the inevitable problem of emotional involvement swaying the critique.

　　at my own pace 按照自己的步伐走

　　rave about the content 對內(nèi)容贊不絕口

　　place the notes within view 把筆記放在眼前,把筆記放在視線范圍內(nèi)

　　inconvenience my friends 麻煩我的朋友

　　take up their time 占用他們的時間

　　see them as stepping stones towards improvement 把它們看作是邁向進步的墊腳石

　　get in the way 妨礙,阻礙

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