托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試:Modificationofweather試題及答案
托福閱讀加試分為經(jīng)典加試和非經(jīng)典加試，一般情況下考生遇到的情況都是經(jīng)典加試，即所加試的題目都是固定的幾篇。這里小編為就為大家整理了托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試: Modification of weather試題及答案分享給大家，希望對大家托福備考有幫助。
托福閱讀經(jīng)典加試: Modification of weather試題及答案
閱讀經(jīng)典加試 7Title: Modification of weather
概述：modification of weather 多年來人們一直努力改變天氣。最初是發(fā)現(xiàn)一戰(zhàn)期間，降雨增多(可能與武器使用有關(guān))，美國農(nóng)業(yè)部開始試驗。后來 1946 年，有個員工發(fā)現(xiàn)干冰能讓 supercooled water become snow particles.文章給 supercool 下了定義就是低于零度但是還沒有結(jié)冰。于是人們開始用 dry ice和 silver iodide來進(jìn)行人工降雨。其原理就是 dry ice makes the moisture freeze into ice particles and the surrounding moisture freeze around it.也就是為降雨提供了凝結(jié)核。后來文章說有人擔(dān)心這樣下去會使地面水體的含銀量增高，但是調(diào)查并沒有顯示這個說法。這種 cloud seeding 辦法繼續(xù)發(fā)展，用別的物質(zhì)替代干冰。但是很多人 concern這種辦法，會對 local 的環(huán)境帶來影響，但是并無定論。
托福閱讀推理題的答題技巧
一、 推理題的標(biāo)志
推理題的題干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等詞，分為有共性的推理題和無共性的推理題兩大類。
二、 推理題的做法
對于無共性的推理題，也就是題干中無線索的，一般使用排除法，即根據(jù)各個選項的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，通過排除法得出正確答案。
對于有共性的推理題，也就是題干中有線索的，建議考生可以先圈定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進(jìn)行推理。推理題主要有下列思路：
1. 一般對比推理
ETS設(shè)計推理題的手段不多，根據(jù)兩個事物的對比特征出題是其中之一。問其中一個事物的特征時，只要將與之形成對比的另一個事物的特征否定掉就可以了。
例如：
It should be obvious that cetaceans, whales, porpoises, and dolphins are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
A. It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.
B. There were great numbers of them.
C. They lived in the sea only.
D. They did not leave many fossil remains.
2. 時間對比推理
這種思路常被考到。在這種推理中，一般有兩個形成對比的時間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問一個時間段的特征時，只要將與之相反的時間段的特征否定掉就可以了。
例：
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….
…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.
It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution
(A) families were larger.
(B) population statistics were unreliable.
(C) the population grew steadily.
(D) economic conditions were bad.
3.集合概念推理
集合概念推理也可以稱之為百分比推斷，它指的是在一個集合中，包含兩個相對的方面，共同構(gòu)成一個大的集合。一方所占的比例減少意味著另一方所占比例的增加;反之一方所占的比例增加意味著另一方所占比例的減少。根據(jù)這一思路，可以由集合中一方的數(shù)量變化推斷另一方的消減。
例：
A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….
By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.
What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?
(A) They value folk cultures.
(B) They have no social classes.
(C) They have popular cultures.
(D) They do not value individualism.
托福閱讀中需要留心的三大項
第一，托福閱讀：詞匯量是要害。
各位如果覺得托福閱讀考試很難的話，請你必定要肯拿出時間來背單詞。磨刀不誤砍柴工，這句話一點(diǎn)都不假。即使你用一周時間，能把80%的單詞都記住，那也是很值得的。
第二，托福閱讀的做題次序。
現(xiàn)在還有人問，先看疑問再讀文章，又說自己不習(xí)慣等等。其實(shí)，這個喜好在你自己。假設(shè)你覺得“先看疑問再讀文章，并且找到答案就間斷，再讀下一個疑問”這樣很習(xí)慣，那就堅持下去。如果你覺得全部文章讀完再做心里踏實(shí)，那就讀完好了。
第一題，一般都是主旨題。先不管。從第二題開始，看疑問，然后看是讀第一段。不管有沒有找到答案，把這一段讀完再停。這樣，如果詞基本知道，語句結(jié)構(gòu)比較清楚的話，答案差不多就出來了。接下來仍是這樣，即使那一段很長，我也是讀完一整段再做題。
可是這里要著重一下。如果你的托福閱讀程度不是特別高的話，當(dāng)你讀完一段，有些疑問的答案你可能已經(jīng)知道了，可是仍需要定位到原文，再看一遍?？纯磫栴}問的是不是的確是你得出的答案等等?？倸w一句話，托福閱讀的答案都是從文章里來的，假設(shè)和文章對立了或者文章沒有這些說法，那就必定不是準(zhǔn)確答案!
第三，托福閱讀解題技巧。
遇到不確定的問題，先從原文找到定位，然后把確定不對的選項排除。就算是瞎蒙，50%也比25%好。這個也是做主旨題的一貫準(zhǔn)則。等你把文章通篇都讀完了，再回過頭看這個選項的時候，不準(zhǔn)確的說法就可以排除了(如果你是最后做主旨題的話，一定不要忘了，還有一道題!)
推薦托福閱讀中使用限時練習(xí)，把做過的閱讀里出現(xiàn)的單詞題的準(zhǔn)確選項都摘錄下來，盡管重復(fù)的幾率不大，可是有些詞是常常出現(xiàn)的。
托福閱讀突破必背的介詞短語
一、帶-ing詞尾的介詞
barring：except，not including除……外
concerning：about，regarding論及，關(guān)于
excepting=except
failing：in default of因缺少……;在缺少……時
following：after in time;as a sequel to在……以后
including：if we include如果包括我;……包括在內(nèi)
pending：during/until在……期間/直到……為止
regarding：about，concerning，in respect of
二、成語介詞
according tas stated by/ in proportion根據(jù)……/依照……
ahead of：further forward in space or time sb/sth; ealier tan sb/sth; further advanced than sb/sth
along with：in addition to;together with另外，加之，還有
apart from：exceping，not considering; in addition to除……外/且莫說;除……之外尚有
as for：with regard to至于
as from：on and after(a specified time)從一特定時間開始
as of=as from
as regards：about，concerning至于，就……而論
as twith regard to關(guān)于，至于
because of：on account of，by reason
but for：without the help or hindrane etc.of假如沒有……(幫助或障礙等);要不是
by means of憑借……的方法
due tbecause of由于
except for：not including，other than除了
in accordance with：in conformity to一致;依據(jù)
in front of：ahead of ，in the presence of在前面;當(dāng)著……的面
in place of：in exchange for，instead of作為……的交換
in spite of：notwithstanding不管，不顧
instead of：in place of
in view of：considering由于，鑒于
with a view twuth the hope or intention of指望，考慮到
near tto or at a short distance from(in space，time，condition，or resemnlance)
next talmost，virtually幾乎
on account of： beause of
on behalf of：in the interests of;as representative為了……的利益/代表
owing tbecause of由于
prior tbefore在前，居先
together with：as well as和，連同
up tuntil/below or equal to直到/不多于
in regard to=with regard tas concerns，in respect of
in that由于，因為
now that由于
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