雅思大作文審題方法-三步法
在雅思寫作考試中，拿到高分的前提就是我們回答的內容一定是符合題意的。這就要求我們在考試中一定要審對題。那么如何審題呢?接下來小編為大家介紹一下雅思大作文審題方法-三步法，希望能幫助大家準確審題，不偏題。
雅思大作文審題方法-三步法
第一步是通讀。
通常考生的習慣是，拿到作文先看一下小作文考什么圖，再看一下大作文考什么題，然后開始動手寫小作文。其實就這么看一下，你知道了今天考的是什么類別，什么主題，就已經(jīng)把通讀的工作做好了。在一邊寫小作文的時候，你的大腦無意中其實已經(jīng)開始醞釀大作文了。
相關閱讀：Essay寫作中靜態(tài)表述的運用方法
第二步是細讀。
當小作文完成，考生正式開始進入大作文的時候，你需要再仔仔細細把題目讀一次，并且要去找一下題目中的關鍵詞，有沒有限定詞/句，有沒有絕對 詞。所謂限定詞，就是把題目的主題限定在一定范圍內的詞。比如：The incidence of violence/crimes for young people is increasing. Give possible reasons and recommendations of punishment and measures to the situation., 這個題目中youth就是一個關鍵詞，全文必須圍繞青少年來分析其犯罪原因和懲罰方案，有的學生寫到了失業(yè)率高，找不到工作，沒有錢負擔生活，所以去犯 罪。
這個理由用于成年人的犯罪是很好，但大多數(shù)的青少年還在學習階段，還沒工作，自然談不上失業(yè)的壓力。所以寫這個話題，如果我們從家庭和學校的環(huán) 境，以及媒體的影響這幾個方面去著手會更切題。所謂絕對詞，就是all, best, only, the most等詞匯，題目中出現(xiàn)這樣詞匯，考生是很容易提出反駁的。比如Some people think economic development is the only way to measure the success of a government. To what extend do you agree or disagree. 經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展確實是衡量一個政府是否成功的重要標志，我們可以寫一到兩個段落來說明經(jīng)濟的重要性，然后再寫一個讓步段，來反駁ONLY這個詞，可以提出教育 的普及，社會福利等方面也不可忽視，這樣文章就更全面。
第三步——列提綱。
這是所有寫作老師都反復強調，而學生卻總不愿意去做的一件事。不愿意列提綱的理由是大家總覺得40分鐘時間寶貴，恨不得從第一秒就開始拼命寫。但是，沒有整理好思路，一邊想一邊寫的結果是更加浪費時間，而且段落的發(fā)展越到后面越混亂。
在列提綱之初，肯定是先要brainstorming，問題是很多考生brainstorming完了就以為自己審完了題目。其實 brainstorming出來的很多點是有重復或者有因果關系的，如果以這些重復或有因果關系的點作為段落的主題句，那么寫到后面一定會有問題。所以， 我們應該花一點時間整理一下邏輯。
比如討論出國留學的好處和壞處，大多數(shù)學生很能想到下列的幾個點1.得到更好的教育;2.得到更好的工作;3.開闊眼界4.文化交流 5.學習語言。其實這5個點，整理一下的話，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)1和5是并列的，2是其結果。3和4也同樣是因果關系。這樣5個點變成2個點，每個點的論證也有了著 落，寫起來就會很順。而有些學生想到了1和2就覺得自己有來兩個段落了，立刻開始動筆，寫完主體第一段，再開始第二段的時候，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)其實得到更好的工作 是更好教育的一個結果，如果要把這個段落寫清楚就得把第一段再重復一遍。
克服雅思寫作軟肋的方法介紹
我們可以從雅思寫作的評分標準(大作文)入手，給同學們提出備考雅思寫作的四方面建議：
1. Task Response(任務的完成情況)：在這個方面最重要的是字數(shù)和審題。所以練習速度至關重要，考前一定要有限時寫作的體驗。審題方面，一定要看清題目的問題(包括到底有幾個問題，問題是辯論式的還是論說式的，辯論焦點是什么)，可以把歷年考題拿出來做專門的審題訓練。
2. Coherence and Cohesion(文章的連貫性)：段落劃分和連接詞訓練。在段落方面，一定要用符合英美寫作習慣的topic sentence + supporting sentences， reason + example的方式來寫作，連接詞方面，特別是轉折、因果、舉例有關的連接詞，要做專項的練習。
3. Lexical Resource(詞匯的多樣性)和 4. Grammatical Range and Accuracy(語法句式的準確性和多樣性)這兩點都與考生的英語基本功有關，短期內很難有實質性突破。很多考生采取背單詞和看語法書的方法，但因為非常枯燥也堅持不了多久且沒有什么成效。這里給大家的建議是第一，通過作文習作并讓有經(jīng)驗的老師批改，找出屬于自己的在語法和詞匯方面的問題，發(fā)現(xiàn)一個問題解決一個問題，并在老師的指導下配合相關的有針對性的語法和詞匯學習。第二，一定要擯棄用“大詞”、“難句”的強迫心態(tài)。記?。篈lthough you should aim for varied sentences and vocabulary, clear, simple structures are better than more complex but inaccurate sentences. Do not think that phrases you have learned can freely apply to any situation.
雅思寫作改錯練習(附答案)
1Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempts to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
2 But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developing skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not.
3 For a group of remaining in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produces something consumers consider useful or desirable.
4 For a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that Nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
5 At the same time, young people should be encourage to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence in their parents.
6 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what their advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
7 Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficiently services to consumers through the use of computers.
8 The American economic system is, organizing around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in that consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
9 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
10 The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
參考答案
1Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempts to glorify contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
錯誤: and并列連接兩個謂語，應該是平行結構。所以attempts應該改為attempted.
2 But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developing skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job or not.
錯誤: 培養(yǎng)良好的技能不是well-developing而是well-developed.
3 For a group of remaining in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produces something consumers consider useful or desirable.
錯誤: For a group of remaining in existence應該是For a group to remain in existence.只有后者才可以做一個目的狀語。produces應該是produce，因為在插入語in the long run的前邊有must.
4 For a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation， we have come to believe that Nature is understandable in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.
錯誤: For a result of應該是As a result of.介詞搭配不當.
5 At the same time, young people should be encourage to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence in their parents.
錯誤: should be encourage應該是should be encouraged,情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài). dependence in應該是dependence on, 介詞搭配不當.
6 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what their advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
錯誤: their advocates應該是its advocates. Its在這里指代的是a new movement in art.所以不能是their.
7 Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficiently services to consumers through the use of computers.
錯誤: efficiently services應該是efficient services. 這也是許多學生經(jīng)常犯的一個錯誤。副詞不能修飾名詞，必須得改為形容詞。
8 The American economic system is, organizing around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in that consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
錯誤: organizing around a basically private-enterprise應該是organized around a basically private-enterprise.這里應該是過去分詞來做一個伴隨狀語，而不應該是現(xiàn)在分詞，因為它是主語的承受者。in that應該是in which.因為只有in which才能引導一個定語從句。in which=where, 在引導一個定語從句時，后面需要加上一個完整句。而in that只能引導一個狀語從句=because.
9 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
錯誤: which應該是that.與前面的it is構成一個強調句型。強調原句中的主語。
10 The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
錯誤: one information應該是one piece of information. 因為information是不可數(shù)名詞，前面必須加量詞修飾。[CKQ]
11 While talking to you, your could-be employers is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
12 With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens lives in cities which community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.
13 After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients whom wish to die.
14 The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicate the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever his special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
15 Your humor must be relevant with the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
16 "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. This view has been shared now by more and more people.
17 The current passion to making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produce a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows
18 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improving techniques and tools.
19 The "shareholders" as such have no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employing by the company in which he hold shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor are not good.
20 During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin assert that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
參考答案
11 While talking to you, your could-be employers is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
錯誤: While talking to you在這里沒錯。當主句的主語和狀語從句的指代的是同一個人或物時，狀語從句的主語可以省略，這就是狀語從句省略結構。your could-be employers is應該是your could-be employers are.否則主謂不一致。pay him應該是pay him or her.
12 With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens lives in cities which community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation households.
錯誤: 119 million citizens lives應該是119 million citizens live. 否則主謂不一致。which應該是where或in which. which引導的定語從句應該是一個不完整的句子，where或in which的后面才能加上一個完整句
13 After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients whom wish to die.
錯誤: whom wish to die應該是who wish to die. whom引導的定語從句應該是一個不完整的句子，whom在定語從句中只能做賓語。而在who引導的定語從句，who既可以做主語，也可以做賓語。
14 The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicate the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever his special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
錯誤: Indicate應該是indicates.因為該句的主語是The great interest。否則主謂不一致。whatever his special conditions應該是whatever their special conditions. Their在這里指代all citizens。
15 Your humor must be relevant with the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
錯誤: must be relevant with應該是must be relevant to. 介詞搭配不當.
16 "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. This view has been shared now by more and more people.
錯誤: This view has been shared now應該是This view is shared now或者This view is now being shared.已經(jīng)有了明確的時間狀語now，所以這里只能用一般現(xiàn)在時或者現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。
17 The current passion to making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produce a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows
錯誤: The current passion to應該是The current passion for. 介詞搭配不當. produce應該是produces，因為該句話的主語是The current passion。否則主謂不一致。
18 Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improving techniques and tools.
錯誤: improving techniques and tools應該是improved techniques and tools.用過去分詞或現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語時，要注意它們與被修飾名詞的關系。這里講得是被改進過的技術和工具，所以應該是improved techniques and tools而不是improving techniques and tools。
19 The "shareholders" as such have no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employing by the company in which he hold shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor are not good.
錯誤: employing by the company應該是employed by the company.過去分詞做后置定語時，相當于一個省略了的定語從句。所以這里的employed by the company相當于who are employed by the company. he hold shares應該是they hold shares.因為這里的they指代的是The "shareholders"。his influence on the relations應該是their influences on the relations. Their在這里也是指代The "shareholders"。
20 During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin assert that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
錯誤: and并列連接兩個謂語，應該是平行結構。 assert應該是asserted.
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