托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題技巧實例解析

　　有一些考生很害怕遇到托福閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題，那么你知道有哪些技巧可以很好地解決它嗎？下面小編給大家分享一下。

托福閱讀技巧：細(xì)節(jié)題如何做?

　　托?？荚囍锌忌類圯p視的就是托福閱讀，原因是絕大部分考生感覺閱讀是強(qiáng)項，對于強(qiáng)項不用過多的重視，然而這種認(rèn)知不一定準(zhǔn)確。通過很多例子我們發(fā)現(xiàn)到不少抱有這樣想法這樣的考生，自認(rèn)新托福閱讀不錯的，實際考出來的分?jǐn)?shù)只有22分左右，甚至?xí)?。那么我們解決這種窘境呢?

　　ETS對閱讀高水平(High level)的評定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是22—30分。而事實上，閱讀如果達(dá)不到25分以上，總分想要過百會比較困難，因為這相當(dāng)于把掙分的壓力轉(zhuǎn)移到了大部分人比較弱的聽力、口語、寫作上面。由此可見，閱讀取得高分對于獲得百分以上的托福成績是一種保證!

　　托福閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題其實不難，但前提是定位的點要對，比如下面這個例題：

　　Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

　　According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

　　A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

　　B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

　　C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

　　D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

　　這是一個典型的細(xì)節(jié)題，在該題題干中，有的考生會選擇Puget Sound作為關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，因為它是專有名詞，在文中會比較顯眼。但是如果一旦選擇了這個地名，勢必會定位在該段的第一句話，托福細(xì)節(jié)題往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，這樣的話考生是選不出正確答案的，因為定位不精確。其實正確的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)該是white-tailed deer，這個用連字符連接的詞在文章中也是比較醒目的，按該詞定位應(yīng)是該段最后一句話。所以根據(jù)它的意思應(yīng)該選D項。其中A項與原句意思不符，B和C都與定位句信息無關(guān)。我們再來看另外一個否定事實細(xì)節(jié)題的例子：

　　Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

　　According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

　　A. They occur at the end of a succession.

　　B. They last longer than any other type of community.

　　C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

　　D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

　　這個題大家都會選擇用climax communities去定位，但在定位過程中會出現(xiàn)很多問題。首先考生要學(xué)會跳躍式定位，即根據(jù)文章中特殊的標(biāo)點符號以及最醒目的詞來搜索我們真正需要的關(guān)鍵詞。文中的particular是加了陰影的，succession是在引號里面的，都非常醒目，通過看這兩個詞我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們附近沒有我們需要的東西;再比較突出的就是數(shù)字及破折號，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是單數(shù)，與題干關(guān)鍵詞不完全匹配，細(xì)節(jié)題講究的是精確定位，所以我們應(yīng)該選擇500斜下方的Climax communities，即該段的最后一句話。

　　否定事實細(xì)節(jié)題的出題思路有兩種：一是無中生有，即根據(jù)定位點的內(nèi)容，四個選項只有一個沒有提到，這種思路多適用于選項比較簡短的題目;二是張冠李戴，即根據(jù)定位點的內(nèi)容表述，只有一個選項與之矛盾，這種思路多適應(yīng)于選項比較長的題目。就這個例題而言，根據(jù)定位的最后一句話，從表述上來說跟它相關(guān)的只有C和D兩個選項，D項的意思與原句相符，而C項與原句矛盾，所以正確答案是C。綜上所述，做新托福閱讀的細(xì)節(jié)題，最重要的一點就是要盡量地去精確定位。、

　　托福閱讀備考全攻略之【細(xì)節(jié)題 無恥技巧篇】

　　無恥技巧1： 帶程度副詞的，比如only well clearly往往都是錯的，這種選項往往很有迷惑性，因為它看似是同義轉(zhuǎn)述，實際確擴(kuò)大或縮小了詞義(說的好抽象 呵呵)

　　比如原文說，我打了他，選項：I hit him severely，這個選項一定是錯的，人家有沒說怎么打的，又沒說經(jīng)脈盡斷，你為什么要主觀臆斷他狠狠的打了呢??!!這個不僅僅適用于細(xì)節(jié)題，還適用于推斷題，講推斷題的時候我給大家舉個例子。

　　無恥技巧2：類似于程度副詞，一般有more than或者比較級的都是錯的，原文沒有比較，你不能自己給人家比較，比如說她很美，選項是她比楊冪美，(楊冪是我最喜歡的女明星哈)，那么這個選項都是錯的。哪怕是對的，我也不會選，因為在我心中，楊冪是最美的 呵呵!

　　無恥技巧3：敏感于數(shù)字，當(dāng)定位句中有數(shù)字的時候，數(shù)字之間的比較就是考點。

　　For example：

　　Paragraph 9: The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7°C (45°F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25°C (77°F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better, but also the brain and the eyes. The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.

　　10. According to paragraph 9, which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?

　　○Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

　　○Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.

　　○They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

　　○They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

　　解析：還是第一步先找關(guān)鍵詞，關(guān)鍵詞是bluefin tunas，這兩個詞不認(rèn)識，沒關(guān)系，到現(xiàn)在我都不認(rèn)識，直接換成BT就可以了，第二步回去找定位句，在第二句中首次出現(xiàn)了BT，并且出現(xiàn)了兩組數(shù)字，那么這兩組數(shù)字的比較就是考點。第三步，讀明白這句話，在7°水中的BT可以有一個超過25°的核心溫度。第四步，看選項吧，

　　A選項，就是我剛說完的無恥技巧2，more than是錯的，原文是說了eyes and brain，也給了很高的評價，說maintaining peak performance of these critical organs. 但是卻沒有和其它生物比較，所以它是錯的。

　　B選項，無恥技巧1出現(xiàn)了，greatly，誰告訴你greatly了??!!!即使你不會這個技巧，這個選項本身就是與原文相反的，它們的能力是在不同的水溫中保持穩(wěn)定的體溫，而不是change。

　　C選項，無恥技巧3，數(shù)字的比較，7°的水 和25°的體溫，就是in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

　　D選項，我之前說的細(xì)節(jié)題選項的錯誤特征里面的第三種，比較有迷惑性的，原文有，但是不在定位句之內(nèi)，關(guān)鍵詞是bluefin tunas，D選項說的是The billfishes，考點信息之外。

　　無恥技巧4：這個算不上無恥技巧，正常的思路吧，原文說A和B不同，B有C特征，那么答案是A沒有C特征。這種題比較考讀長句的能力，通常形式是

　　A differ from B，which(B的定語從句，說明B的特征C)或是unlike A，B怎么怎么有C的特征，

　　e.g.

　　Paragraph 4: With the advent of projection in 1895-1896, motion pictures became the ultimate form of mass consumption. Previously, large audiences had viewed spectacles at the theater, where vaudeville, popular dramas, musical and minstrel shows, classical plays, lectures, and slide-and-lantern shows had been presented to several hundred spectators at a time. But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

　　6. According to paragraph 4, how did the early movies differ from previous spectacles that were presented to large audiences?

　　○They were a more expensive form of entertainment.

　　○They were viewed by larger audiences.

　　○They were more educational.

　　○They did not require live entertainers.

　　第一步，還有找關(guān)鍵詞early movies和previous spectacles，你要注意了，early movies就是上面說的A，previous spectacles就是B，那么尋找B的特征就ok了。

　　第二步，找定位句吧，我說了無非兩種 一個differ from的 一個unlike的，很容易找到了But the movies differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment, which depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

　　第三步，分析，But the movies(A) differed significantly from these other forms of entertainment(B), which(定語從句說出B的特征) depended on either live performance or (in the case of the slide-and-lantern shows) the active involvement of a master of ceremonies who assembled the final program.

　　Or后面的成分，我之前說過 a1ora2讀一個即可，所以，后面很長很鬧心的部分，不讀了!

　　第四部啊，ABC我們都找到了，回頭看選項吧，

　　選項A 原文沒提的

　　選項B 無恥技巧2 不能比較

　　選項C 還有原文沒提的

　　選項D did not require live entertainers.不就是沒有B的depended on either live performance的特征么

　　細(xì)節(jié)題的總結(jié)到此為止，技巧的東西要活學(xué)活用，自己先看看理解了，然后運(yùn)用到做題中變成你自己的，做題的時候要不以對喜，不以錯悲，給你篇阿拉伯語的閱讀按照幾率亂選你也能對三四個，所以，每道題都要認(rèn)真反思，弄清楚出題思路和選項設(shè)置，這樣才能有提高!不然就陷入了the more you 作，the more you 錯的痛苦深淵!

　　托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題的解題方法(實例詳解)

　　托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題是托福閱讀考試中比較常見的一種題。一般一篇閱讀文章有12-14題，可其中細(xì)節(jié)題有可能會占據(jù)4-6題，所以托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題在托福閱讀考試中占據(jù)的還是比較大的。對于托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題來說，是一類能屈能伸的題型，就是說它要容易，可能很容易，它要想難，可以非常難。故而考生復(fù)習(xí)到后期的時候，統(tǒng)計錯題時，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，錯的最多的就是細(xì)節(jié)題，所它這類題讓考生十分的糾結(jié)。

　　可以說托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題占據(jù)了托福閱讀考試的半壁江山了不為過，是我們托福閱讀取得高分的基礎(chǔ)，因我們不得不想辦法去攻克它。從考察能力上去看，托福閱讀細(xì)節(jié)題主要考察考生的關(guān)鍵詞抓取和在文章中定位有用的解題信息能力。細(xì)節(jié)題的問題一般都是純粹的事實層面上的問題，主要是問作者說了什么?哪些信息是真的?解答這類題的時候，80%的題在文章中找到一兩個關(guān)鍵句子就可以答對題了。這就意味著考生要根據(jù)題干中提供的關(guān)鍵詞，回到原文中精準(zhǔn)地找到解題的關(guān)鍵句子，讀懂了之后，就能快速的把細(xì)節(jié)題解對而無需閱讀全文或者全段。這種能力對同學(xué)們今后在美國大學(xué)中求學(xué)生涯來說是至關(guān)重要的。因為美國大學(xué)要求的閱讀量遠(yuǎn)比中國大學(xué)要求的閱讀量要大。那么在浩瀚如煙的文章中怎樣快速找到有用的信息，就決定了你的閱讀的速度和閱讀的質(zhì)量。因此ETS將這種題放在第一的位置上來介紹，也是費(fèi)了一番心思的。

　　托福閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題其實不難，但前提是定位的點要對，比如下面這個例題：

　　Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.

　　According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?

　　A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.

　　B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.

　　C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.

　　D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.

　　這是一個典型的細(xì)節(jié)題，在該題題干中，有的考生會選擇Puget Sound作為關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，因為它是專有名詞，在文中會比較顯眼。但是如果一旦選擇了這個地名，勢必會定位在該段的第一句話，托福細(xì)節(jié)題往往是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，這樣的話考生是選不出正確答案的，因為定位不精確。其實正確的關(guān)鍵詞應(yīng)該是white-tailed deer，這個用連字符連接的詞在文章中也是比較醒目的，按該詞定位應(yīng)是該段最后一句話。所以根據(jù)它的意思應(yīng)該選D項。其中A項與原句意思不符，B和C都與定位句信息無關(guān)。我們再來看另外一個否定事實細(xì)節(jié)題的例子：

　　Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.

　　According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?

　　A. They occur at the end of a succession.

　　B. They last longer than any other type of community.

　　C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change

　　D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.

　　這個題大家都會選擇用climax communities去定位，但在定位過程中會出現(xiàn)很多問題。首先考生要學(xué)會跳躍式定位，即根據(jù)文章中特殊的標(biāo)點符號以及最醒目的詞來搜索我們真正需要的關(guān)鍵詞。文中的particular是加了陰影的，succession是在引號里面的，都非常醒目，通過看這兩個詞我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們附近沒有我們需要的東西;再比較突出的就是數(shù)字及破折號，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是單數(shù)，與題干關(guān)鍵詞不完全匹配，細(xì)節(jié)題講究的是精確定位，所以我們應(yīng)該選擇500斜下方的Climax communities，即該段的最后一句話。

　　否定事實細(xì)節(jié)題的出題思路有兩種：一是無中生有，即根據(jù)定位點的內(nèi)容，四個選項只有一個沒有提到，這種思路多適用于選項比較簡短的題目;二是張冠李戴，即根據(jù)定位點的內(nèi)容表述，只有一個選項與之矛盾，這種思路多適應(yīng)于選項比較長的題目。就這個例題而言，根據(jù)定位的最后一句話，從表述上來說跟它相關(guān)的只有C和D兩個選項，D項的意思與原句相符，而C項與原句矛盾，所以正確答案是C。

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