關(guān)于英語過去式的用法
關(guān)于英語過去式的用法
過去式(past tense)是英語語法的一種，表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示，而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。你都知道嗎?接下來小編在這里給大家?guī)碛⒄Z過去式的用法，我們一起來看看吧!
英語過去式的用法
過去式(past tense)是英語語法的一種，表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。一般過去式的動詞通常用動詞的過去式形式來表示，而動詞的過去式是在動詞原形的基礎(chǔ)上變化的。動詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。
?、边^去發(fā)生的而已經(jīng)結(jié)束的動作需要用一般過去式來表示。
?、脖硎具^去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。
【過去時態(tài)】表示行為、動作和狀態(tài)在各種時間條件下的動詞形式。
【過去時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)】是指過去時態(tài)下的動詞形式的語法構(gòu)成。
規(guī)則動詞
一般動詞直接加-ed，e.g.look-looked;
以e結(jié)尾的動詞直接加-d，e.g.dance-danced;
輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加ed，e.g.study-studied;
以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母(字母w，y，x除外)，雙寫這個輔音字母加-ed，e.g.skip-skipped;
以l結(jié)尾的動詞，若以非重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，則末尾的字母l雙寫與不雙寫均可。其中不雙寫的是美式拼寫。e.g.travel-travelled/traveled(U.S.)。
部分以-p結(jié)尾的動詞同樣遵循第5條，這類詞多由“前綴+名詞”構(gòu)成。e.g.worship-worshipped/worshiped(U.S.)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(U.S.)。
注：英語26個字母中，除了a，e，i，o，u 這幾個元音字母外，其他都是輔音字母。
不規(guī)則動詞
動詞過去式與原形相同;
動詞過去式以-ought或-aught結(jié)尾;
動詞過去式由原形結(jié)尾的-end變?yōu)?ent;
動詞過去式以-elt，-eft，-ept結(jié)尾;
動詞過去式與原形比較，其中一個元音字母發(fā)生改變;
動詞過去式以-ew結(jié)尾;
動詞過去式-ee-變?yōu)?e-。
情態(tài)動詞
不規(guī)則情態(tài)動詞
is-was
are-weream-wasgo-wentdo，does-didbring-broughtmake-madehave-hadrun-rantell-toldeat-ateget-gotdraw-drewput -putread-readtake-tookdie-diedsee-saw
fly-flew
cut-cut
meet-met
tell-told
build-built
lend-lent
lose-lost
hear-heard
buy-bought
see-saw
choose-chose
forget-forgot
sink-sank
sing-sang
begin-began
swim-swam
ring-rang
drink-drank
fly-flew
draw-drew
lie-lay
其他變化
1.原形-過去式-過去分詞全相同
cost——cost——cost 價(jià)值
cut——cut——cut 切，割，砍
hit——hit——hit 打
hurt——hurt——hurt 傷害
read/ri:d/——read/red/——read/red/ 讀
put——put——put 放
let——let——let 讓
shut——shut——shut 關(guān)
2. 過去分詞與原形相同,過去式改o/u為a
become—became—become 變得，成為
come—came—come 來
run—ran—run 跑
3. 原形-過去式-過去分詞是i-a-u的變化
begin—began—begun 開始
drink---drank—drunk 喝
ring---rang—rung 打電話
sing---sang---sung 唱(歌)
swim---swam---swum 游泳
4. 過去分詞在原形后加-en
eat—ate---eaten 吃
fall---fell—fallen 落下;跌倒
5. 過去式和過去分詞都去掉原形的一個e
feed---fed—fed 喂養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)
meet---met---met 碰到，見面，會面
6. 過去分詞在原形后加-n
blow—blew—blown 吹
grow—grew—grown 種植;生長
throw---threw---thrown 投;擲;扔
know---knew——known知道;懂得;認(rèn)為
draw—drew—drawn 畫
fly--- flew---flown飛
see --- saw --- seen 看見，看到
show---showed---shown 出示;給...看
give--- gave ---given 給
drive---drove---driven 駕駛
take---took---taken 拿去;帶去
7. 過去分詞以-en結(jié)尾
bite--- bit --- bitten 咬
ride---rode---ridden 騎(車,馬等)
write---wrote---written 寫
break---broke---broken 弄壞,弄破
choose--chose--chosen 選擇
speak---spoke---spoken 講話;演講
wake---woke---woken 使...醒來;弄醒
forget---forgot---forgotten 忘記
hide---hid---hidden 躲,藏
8. 過去分詞以-ne結(jié)尾
do --- did --- done 做,干
go --- went --- gone 去
9.過去式與過去分詞都有aught結(jié)尾
catch---caught ---caught 捉住;抓住
teach---taught---taught 教
10.過去式和過去分詞都以-ought結(jié)尾
bring---brought---brought 拿來;帶來
buy ---bought ---bought 買
fight---fought---fought 打架;打仗
think---thought--thought 想;認(rèn)為
teach---taught--taught 教 vt.教;教導(dǎo),訓(xùn)練;教授 vi.教書
11.
dig ---dug ---dug 挖
get ---got---got 得到;獲得
sit --- sat --- sat 坐下
hold---held ---held 舉行;握住
shine --- shone --- shone 照耀
say--- said ---said 說
pay---paid---paid 付賬;為...付款
make---made---made 制造;制作
tell --- told --- told 告訴
sell---sold---sold 賣
stand --- stood --- stood 站立
understand-understood-understood 明白;理解
find --- found --- found 發(fā)現(xiàn)
12. 過去式和過去分詞都在原形后加d或t
hear--heard--heard 聽見;聽說
mean --meant--meant 意思是
13. 過去式和過去分詞都以elt,eft或ept結(jié)尾
feel --- felt --- felt 感覺
keep --- kept --- kept 保持
sleep---slept---slept 睡覺
leave --- left --- left 離開
14 .
have --- had --- had 有
lose --- lost --- lost 丟失;迷失
build---built---built 建造;建設(shè)
send --- sent --- sent 寄;送
lend---lent---lent 借
spend --- spent --- spent 花費(fèi)(時間,金錢)
15.
lie --- lay --- lain 躺;位于
wear --- wore --- worn 穿;戴
be ---was, were --- been 是
16. 只有過去式
can --- could 能
may --- might 可能,也許
shall---should 將要
will---would 將要
17. 過去式和過去分詞均有兩個
burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 燃燒
dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 做夢;夢見
learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 學(xué)會
smell--smelled/smelt--smelled/smelt 聞
spell--spelled/spelt--spelled/spelt 拼寫
Be動詞的一般過去時
內(nèi)容在沒有實(shí)義動詞的句子中使用be動詞， am is 的過去式為was; are的過去式為were
肯定句式：主語 + be(was , were) + 其它.
否定句式：主語 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.
一般疑問句：Be(was , were) + 主語 + 其它?
注：在這種構(gòu)成中，be動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即要根據(jù)主語選用was / were。Be動詞分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)，was是表示單數(shù)，were是表示復(fù)數(shù)。
實(shí)義動詞的一般過去時態(tài)
注：1. did和didn’t是構(gòu)成一般過去時的助動詞，其特點(diǎn)是要在其后跟動詞的原形。
2.實(shí)意動詞do的一般過去時
肯定句要使用動詞的過去式，否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式 did.
肯定句式：主語 + 動詞(過去式)+ 其它
否定句式：主語 + didn’t + 動詞(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】
一般疑問句：Did + 主語+ 動詞(原形)+ 其它【do , does的過去時均為did】?
Idomy homework every day.(用yesterday改寫句子)
Ididmy homework yesterday.
I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)
Didyoudoyour homework yesterday?Yes ,I did. /No, I didn’t.(一般疑問句)
情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動詞的一般過去時與含有be動詞的一般過去時，是十分相似，請注意觀察。
肯定句式：主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + 其它
否定句式：主語 + 情態(tài)動詞 + not + 其它.
一般疑問句：情態(tài)動詞 + 主語 + 其它?
注：情態(tài)動詞的過去式：can→could , may→might , must→must ，will→would，shall→should。
英語過去式的例句
1.I went home after school yesterday.
2.Lily played games after class this afternoon.
3.Bob played football after school
4.Mum went shopping with my grandmother yesterday.
5.I went to the park yesterday.
6.We went hiking last month.
7.I bought this bag two hours ago.
8.I lost my pen.
9.I went to bed early yesterday.
10.I went to school by bus this morning.
11.We wore uniforms to school.
12.My parents didn't have TV when they were my age.
13.I visited my grandmother.
14.I did some sports.
15.I studied for the math test.
16.I went to the beach.
17.I played tennis.
18.He went to the movies.
19.I cleaned my room.
20.I played the guitar.
21.He came here two years ago.
22.We played basketball last week.
23.I washed my face yesterday.
24.I heard some noise outside.
25.I cried at home last night.
26.He travelled to Australia two weeks ago.
27.I caught my cat in the garden this morning.
28.She found her pen in her room.
29.I was a student three years ago.
30.I saw the film three days ago.
31.Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.
32.She lived here two years ago.
33.Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
34.I arrived in Hong Kong yesterday.
35.The examination came off yesterday.