2022英語高考試題及答案(全國甲卷)
高考結(jié)束之后，各位考生和家長最想知道的就是考生考的怎么樣，這時候考卷跟答案就非常重要了。下面是小編為大家收集的關(guān)于2022英語高考試題及答案(全國甲卷)。希望可以幫助大家。
2022全國甲卷英語試題及答案
2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試
英語
注意事項：
1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。
2. 回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。
3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
全國乙卷地區(qū)：河南、安徽、江西、山西、陜西、黑龍江、吉林、甘肅、內(nèi)蒙古、青海、寧夏、新疆
A
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像畫) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
AnIntroductiontoRaeburn Sunday26Oct.,15.00 DUNCANTHOMSON | Raeburn’sEnglishContemporaries Thursday30Oct.,13.10 JUDYEGERTON |
CharactersandCharacterisationin Raeburn’sPortraits Thursday6Nov.,13.10 NICHOLASPHILLIPSON | RaeburnandArtist’sTraininginthe 18thCentury Thursday13Nov.,13.10 MARTINPOSTLE |
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45Sunday 12.00-17.45Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
?4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ?2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries?
A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct.
C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.
2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A. ?4. B.?8. C. ?12. D.?16.
3. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings.
B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers.
D. They must have ID cards with them.
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了為紀(jì)念蘇格蘭最受歡迎的畫家亨利·雷伯恩爵士進(jìn)行的展覽的相關(guān)情況。
【1題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格右上角Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. (10月30日星期四)”可知，在10月30日星期四可以去參加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故選B項。
【2題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Admission部分“?4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.(4英鎊。12歲以下兒童在一位成人陪同下免費(fèi)入場。)”可知，一對夫婦應(yīng)付4+4=8英鎊，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場費(fèi)為8英鎊。故選B項。
【3題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“A special low entrance charge of ?2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的學(xué)生，高至并包括那些學(xué)士學(xué)位水平的學(xué)生，在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，均可享受每人2英鎊的特別低入場費(fèi)。)”可知，全日制學(xué)生在有教師的組織團(tuán)體中，可以獲得折扣，即他們必須由教師帶領(lǐng)。故選C項。
B
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牽涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (堅忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A.To teach in a school.
B.To study American history.
C. To write a book.
D.To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B.They had a room with a bathtub.
C.They lived with the local kids. D.They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn.
B.The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies.
D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report.
B. A book review.
C. A children’s story.
D.A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇書評。本文簡要介紹了Dorothy Wickenden的書籍并對其進(jìn)行了評價。
【4題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. (1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——來到落基山脈的一個定居點(diǎn)，在一間只有一個房間的學(xué)校教書。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A項。
【5題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他們和一個當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)”以及“In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項。
【6題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C項。
【7題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden是個很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。)”可知，本文簡要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對其進(jìn)行了評價，所以文本是一篇書評。故選B項。
C
Can a small group of drones(無人機(jī))guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)能在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時又能幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元。
【8題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(無人機(jī)已經(jīng)被用于檢查高壓電線。他們完全可以做同樣的事情來檢查鐵路線路和鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的其他重要方面，如鐵路軌道和換乘點(diǎn)的正確位置)”可知使用無人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能。故選A。
【9題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (據(jù)統(tǒng)計，僅歐洲鐵路公司每年在鐵路維護(hù)上的花費(fèi)就約為200億歐元，其中包括經(jīng)常在夜間派遣維修人員檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)”可知花在maintenance上的費(fèi)用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure (檢查和維修鐵路基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅節(jié)省檢修成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全，劃線詞和 C項：Inspection and repair(檢修)含義相近。故選C。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程師們現(xiàn)在正在研究一個新概念:未來的鐵路無人機(jī)。它們將在列車前方的軌道上運(yùn)行，并被設(shè)定為自動運(yùn)行)”可知鐵路無人機(jī)有望讓火車自動運(yùn)行。故選B。
【11題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章主題段第一段“Can a small group of drones(無人機(jī))guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群無人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元?這很可能是應(yīng)用今天的“空中之眼”技術(shù)的未來，以確保全球數(shù)百萬公里的鐵路軌道和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施全天候安全運(yùn)行。)”以及后文第二段講到了使用無人機(jī)檢查電力線路使無人機(jī)應(yīng)用于鐵路線路成為可能;第三段講到了使用無人機(jī)大幅節(jié)省維護(hù)成本和更好地保護(hù)鐵路人員安全;第四段講到了通過使用最新的技術(shù)，無人機(jī)還可以開始為鐵路提供更高的價值，可知文章主要講述了無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來，所以D項“無人機(jī)將如何改變鐵路的未來?！狈衔恼轮行乃枷耄m合作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。
D
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ?520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ?240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(設(shè)施)and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
12. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A. To collect money for schools.
B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health.
D. To encourage research in education.
13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets.
B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production.
D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks.
B. Milk-based drinks.
C. Fruit juices.
D. Classic Coke.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers.
D.It upsets customers.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時該收入用于學(xué)校體育。
【12題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .(該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。)”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項。
【13題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。)”可知，一些飲料公司通過降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項。
【14題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。)”可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.(根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊)”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個成功的政策。故選B項。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.·Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (聯(lián)系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.·More isn’t always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.·Practise empathy (共情)___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.·___19___Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.·Don’t rely on technology alone___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】16 D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了五種維系異地友誼的方法。
【16題詳解】
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”(平日繁忙，很難抽出時間打電話。)講的是雙方都很忙碌，很難有時間給對方打電話，D項“盡量找個雙方都有空的時間去打電話，并堅持下去”給出了解決沒時間打電話這個問題的方法，符合題意。故選D項。
【17題詳解】
上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.”(確保你已經(jīng)與你的朋友溝通過，了解你們彼此希望聯(lián)系的次數(shù)，以及哪種溝通方式最適合你們兩人。)提到異地朋友之間要商量溝通方式，B項“可以通過寫信補(bǔ)償”提出了其中一種溝通方式：寫信，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”(除了不斷的文字交流，還有其他方式，比如發(fā)語音或者組建群聊。)補(bǔ)充了發(fā)語音等其他溝通方式，其中“constant written communication”呼應(yīng)了B項的“writing letters”。故選B項。
【18題詳解】
下文“The friend who is remaining”(留下來的朋友)和“The one in the new environment”(在新環(huán)境中的那個)提到朋友的兩個不同處境，G項“你可能是朋友中離開的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了異地友誼中分為離開的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分別對應(yīng)下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G項符合題意。故選G項。
【19題詳解】
分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處的內(nèi)容是維系異地友誼的第四個方法，是第五段的小標(biāo)題。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”(周年紀(jì)念日和生日對于異地友誼而言是非常重要的。)講的是諸如周年紀(jì)念日和生日等重要的日子對于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對應(yīng)的維系異地友誼的方法是A項“記得重要的日子”，所以A項符合題意。故選A項。
【20題詳解】
設(shè)空處所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.”(但是異地友誼——甚至是關(guān)系親密的友誼——可能需要更加自覺地去維系。)講的是我們要更加自覺地維系異地友誼，其中“but”說明后半句與設(shè)空處形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而F項“朋友之間很容易通過社交媒體產(chǎn)生一種聯(lián)結(jié)感”講的是可以通過社交媒體這種方式很容易與朋友產(chǎn)生聯(lián)結(jié)，與后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成轉(zhuǎn)折，而且其中的“social media”呼應(yīng)了該段的小標(biāo)題“Don’t rely on technology alone”(不要僅僅依賴技術(shù))中的“technology”。故選F項。
語言知識運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)
第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題1.5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology ___26___ that idea.We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ___31___ children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their ___36___ to the questions reflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ___38___ mutual (相互的) recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method ___40___ when others use it.
21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced
24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D.interpreted
25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D.desired
26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
33. A. instructions B. descriptions C.experiments D.assumptions
34. A. comprehended B. predicted C.explored D.ignored
35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D.sensitivity
37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
39. A. limitations B. requirements C.theories D.findings
40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D.effective
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明孩子們捉迷藏時，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果，而是孩子們堅持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：對他們來說，避開別人的目光，讓自己無法被別人看到，這是一件非常令人興奮的事情。A. following跟隨;B. taking取走;C. escaping避開;D. directing指導(dǎo)。根據(jù)上文“Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.”可知，兒童喜歡玩捉迷藏，避開別人的目光。故選C項。
【22題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我們都看到學(xué)齡前兒童非常不善于隱藏。A. clever聰明的;B. bad不擅長的;C. scared害怕的;D. quick快的。根據(jù)下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，兒童不擅長隱藏，be bad at sth.表示“不擅長某事”。故選B項。
【23題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們通常只用手遮住眼睛，其余的身體暴露在外。A. exposed無遮蔽的;B. examined已檢查過的;C. untouched未受影響的;D. imbalanced失衡的。根據(jù)上文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身體的其余部分無遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故選A項。
【24題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：長期以來，這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為兒童是無可救藥的“自我中心”生物的證據(jù)。A. supported支持;B. guaranteed保證;C. imagined想象;D. interpreted解釋。根據(jù)下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此處表示這種無效的隱藏方法被解釋為證據(jù)，證明兒童是以自我為中心的。故選D項。
【25題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A. disappointing令人失望的;B. mixed混合的;C. surprising令人驚訝的;D. desired渴望的。根據(jù)下文“research results in child developmental psychology _6_ that idea.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)相矛盾，所以研究結(jié)果是令人驚訝的。故選C項。
【26題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們在兒童發(fā)展心理學(xué)方面令人驚訝的研究結(jié)果與這一觀點(diǎn)相矛盾。A. explained解釋;B. confirmed證實(shí);C. contradicted相矛盾;D. tested測試。根據(jù)下文“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究結(jié)果與之前的觀點(diǎn)是相矛盾的。故選C項。
【27題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個兒童都和一個成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. parent父母親;B. child兒童;C. researcher研究員;D. doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，兒童參加實(shí)驗(yàn)，此處表示每個兒童和一個成年人坐在一起。故選B項。
【28題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個兒童都和一個成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。A. feet腳;B. nose鼻子;C. hands手;D. ears耳朵。根據(jù)下文“or hear the adult”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中，兒童被詢問是否能聽到成年人的聲音，所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故選D項。
【29題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們問兒童是否能看到或聽到成年人的聲音。A. see看見;B. help幫助;C. reach到達(dá);D. fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此處兒童被詢問是否能看見成年人。故選A項。
【30題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A. event大事;B. thing事情;C. action行動;D. accident事故。根據(jù)下文“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此處表示同樣的事情發(fā)生了，孩子們表示不能和捂住嘴的成年人說話了。故選B項。
【31題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A. Yet然而;B. Now此刻;C. Soon很快;D. Once一次。根據(jù)語境，此處表示當(dāng)成年人捂住自己的嘴時，這時孩子們說不能和成年人說話了。故選B項。
【32題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)成年人捂住她自己的嘴時，同樣的事情發(fā)生了：此刻孩子們說他們不能和她說話。A. speak說;B. listen聽;C. turn轉(zhuǎn);D. wave揮手。根據(jù)上文“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此處孩子們表示他們不能和成年人說話了。故選A項。
【33題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們誤解了他們被問到的問題。A. instructions命令;B. descriptions說明;C. experiments實(shí)驗(yàn);D. assumptions假設(shè)。根據(jù)語境，此處表示上文中的許多實(shí)驗(yàn)排除了孩子們會誤解問題這一情況。故選C項。
【34題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么。A. comprehended理解;B. predicted預(yù)測;C. explored探索;D. ignored忽略。根據(jù)下文“the questions and knew _15_ what was asked of them”可知，兒童理解了問題，并能確切地知道自己被問了什么。故選A項。
【35題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：結(jié)果很清楚：我們的年輕受試者理解了這些問題，并且確切地知道他們被問到了什么。A. partly部分地;B. honestly誠實(shí)地;C. vaguely含糊地;D. exactly確切地。根據(jù)下文“what was asked of them. Their 16 to the questions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩子們確切地知道自己被問了什么，他們的答案反映了他們真實(shí)的看法。故選D項。
【36題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對這些問題的回答反映了他們真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A. responses回答;B. approaches方法;C. contribution貢獻(xiàn);D. sensitivity敏感性。根據(jù)下文“to the questions”可知，此處表示孩子們對于問題的回答。故選A項。
【37題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們對這些問題的回答反映了他們真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你?！盇. ability能力;B. belief看法;C. identity身份;D. purpose目的。根據(jù)下文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，此處表示孩子們真正的看法。故選B項。
【38題詳解】
考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們只是堅持相互承認(rèn)和尊重。A. hold back阻止;B. relate to有關(guān)聯(lián);C. insist on堅持;D. make up彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)上文“I can see you only if you can see me, too.”可知，孩子們的看法體現(xiàn)了他們堅持相互的承認(rèn)和尊重。故選C項。
【39題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的研究結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)孩子在頭上蓋一條毯子“隱藏”時，這并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果。A. limitations限制;B. requirements必要條件;C. theories理論;D. findings調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此處表示實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果表明孩子的“隱藏”并不是自我中心主義的結(jié)果。故選D項。
【40題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，當(dāng)其他人使用這種方法時，孩子們認(rèn)為它是有效的。A. tentative實(shí)驗(yàn)性的;B. impressive令人印象深刻的;C. creative創(chuàng)造性的;D. effective有效的。根據(jù)上文“They simply 18 mutual recognition and regard.”可知，孩子們堅持相互承認(rèn)和尊重，所以當(dāng)其他人使用這種方法時，孩子會認(rèn)為它是有效的。故選D項。
第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a ___45___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a ___46___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (發(fā)布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.___48___(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___49___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening ____50____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【答案】41.by 42. the
43. addressed
44. largest
45. responsibility
46. shared 47. and
48. To strengthen
49. inviting
50. its
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了為了慶祝第一個國際茶日，中國商會博物館所舉辦的一系列活動。
【41題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：2019年11月27日，聯(lián)合國正式將5月21日定為第一個國際茶日。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達(dá)“被聯(lián)合國在5月21日命名”。表示被動，使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“be+過去分詞+by”。故填by。
【42題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了慶祝這一節(jié)日，周四在北京的中國商人博物館舉行了一系列活動。特指International Tea Day這一節(jié)日，所以用定冠詞the。故填the。
【43題詳解】
考查時態(tài)。句意：中國文化促進(jìn)會會長在開幕式上致辭。陳述過去事情，用一般過去時。故填addressed。
【44題詳解】
考查形容詞最高級。句意：中國是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國，作為國際茶日的主要推動者，中國有責(zé)任與其他國家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。根據(jù)定冠詞the和常識可知，中國是最大產(chǎn)茶國，所以用形容詞的最高級形式。故填largest。
【45題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：中國是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國，作為國際茶日的主要推動者，中國有責(zé)任與其他國家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。
【46題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：這有助于構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體。此處為非謂語動詞做定語來修飾名詞future。非謂語動詞share和名詞future之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作定語。故填shared。
【47題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：儀式上發(fā)布的“首個國際茶日萬里茶道合作倡議”呼吁茶業(yè)人士團(tuán)結(jié)起來，促進(jìn)國際合作和文化交流。名詞international cooperation和cultural exchanges為并列成分，作動詞promote的賓語。故填and。
【48題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系，活動包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動，邀請了來自世界各地的29名茶葉專業(yè)人士進(jìn)行36小時不間斷的直播。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達(dá)“為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系”，需要用不定式作目的狀語。故填To strengthen。
【49題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了加強(qiáng)與年輕人的聯(lián)系，活動包括在社交媒體上的一系列公共宣傳活動，邀請了來自世界各地的29名茶葉專業(yè)人士進(jìn)行36小時不間斷的直播。此處為非謂語動詞，邏輯主語the event與invite之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填inviting。
【50題詳解】
考查代詞。句意：在開幕式上，中國古茶博物館正式揭牌，開啟了它的第一個展覽：大道遺真——普洱茶專題展。名詞exhibition前用形容詞性物主代詞。故填its。
第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)
第一節(jié)，短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)
51. 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改
增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(^)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。
修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle, you don’t use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities. They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.
【答案】1. greatly→great
2. lives→live
3. 在because后加of
4. Whether →If 或Whether →When
5. they → you
6. cause→causing
7. 去掉have后的been
8. what→which
9. were→are
10. bicycle→bicycles
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。作者表述了騎自行車這項運(yùn)動可以帶來的好處。
【詳解】1.考查形容詞。句意: 我們都知道騎自行車是一項很好的運(yùn)動。需用形容詞作定語修飾名詞exercise。故將greatly改為great。
2.考查主謂一致。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我，壽命最長的人是舞蹈家和騎自行車的人。people是集合名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故將lives改為live。
3.考查介詞。句意：也許是因?yàn)樾迈r空氣、流暢的運(yùn)動和鍛煉的結(jié)合。because表示“因?yàn)椤保竺娼訌木?，短語because of表示“因?yàn)椤?，后面接名詞、代詞、動名詞等作賓語，the combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise是名詞短語。故在because后加of。
4.考查狀語從句連接詞。句意：當(dāng)你騎自行車的時候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，該句闡述的是一個事實(shí)，需用if或when引導(dǎo);位于句首，注意首字母大寫。故將Whether改為If或改為When。
5.考查代詞。句意：所以你不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。根據(jù)前一句中的人稱you可知，這里假設(shè)“你”騎自行車，前后人稱應(yīng)保持一致。故將they改為you。
6.考查非謂語動詞。句意：所以你不會制造出二氧化碳，也不會造成空氣污染。本句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，連詞and連接兩個并列的現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時。故將cause改為causing。
7.考查語態(tài)。句意：看看汽車是如何占領(lǐng)我們的城市的。主語cars與動詞take over之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用主動語態(tài)。故去掉have后的been。
8.考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：它們經(jīng)常高速行駛，這可能會危及我們的生命。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號后是非限制性定語從句，先行詞為前面的一句話，在從句中做主語，應(yīng)用which 引導(dǎo)。故將what改為which。
9.考查時態(tài)。句意：還有交通堵塞。根據(jù)上下文時態(tài)可知，本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故將were改為are。
10.考查名詞。句意：如果用自行車代替汽車，我們的城市將變得更好。bicycle為可數(shù)名詞，由句中的cars和句意可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將bicycle改為bicycles。
第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
52. 學(xué)校英文報正在開展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom為題的討論。請使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 學(xué)習(xí)活動狀況描述：
2. 簡單評論;
3. 你的建議。
注意：
1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。
【答案】
Learning English Beyond the Classroom
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways.
It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. However, those choosing reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%.
As far as I’m concerned, it is a disturbing trend. For students, what benefits most to their study is reading English books. Because of their lack of self-discipline, they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games. It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline, and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
【解析】
【分析】本篇書面表達(dá)屬于說明文。要求考生請使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文給學(xué)校英文報投稿。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
選擇：choose→select
提高：improve→strengthen
各種各樣的：various→diverse
就我而言：as far as I’m concerned→from my perspective
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the Classroom in various ways.
拓展句：Nowadays, because smartphones and computers are becoming more and more popular, an increasing number of students are choosing to learn English beyond the Classroom in various ways.
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.(運(yùn)用了it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)主語從句以及who引導(dǎo)的定語從句)
【高分句型2】It's urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline(運(yùn)用了it作形式主語，to improve their self-discipline為真正的主語)
高考填報志愿收集信息三步法
高考填報志愿前，信息的收集、分析是每個考生和家長所面對的一門“必修課”，對于考生填報志愿至關(guān)重要。信息收集應(yīng)具有指向性、準(zhǔn)確性和有效性。今年，我省是在“知分、知位、知線”后填報志愿，如到那時再收集信息，勢必造成被動。信息收集越早分析越透徹，就越能使自己在競爭中占得先機(jī)。
收集信息第1步——問自己
首先，問自己的高考文化成績。根據(jù)一模、二模及上學(xué)期期末成績，客觀地估算自己的高考文化成績，以此作為“知分”前信息收集的依據(jù)和信息分析判斷的基礎(chǔ)，估分力求準(zhǔn)確。其次，問自己的性格。不同性格的考生適合不同專業(yè)的學(xué)習(xí)，“熱門”或“冷門”專業(yè)是相對的，與個人性格相匹配的專業(yè)才是理性的選擇。再次，問自己的職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃。高考填報志愿不是短期的行為，而是與個人職業(yè)生涯緊密相連，雖然專業(yè)與職業(yè)沒有必然關(guān)聯(lián)，但專業(yè)是職業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)，影響將來職業(yè)選擇與發(fā)展。最后，問自己的選報高校。有三種方式，或以區(qū)域優(yōu)先選擇高校，或以高校優(yōu)先選擇區(qū)域，或以專業(yè)優(yōu)先選擇高校。不論以何方式，考生和家長不能眼光僅局限于名牌高校、熱點(diǎn)區(qū)域和熱門專業(yè)，需要有開闊的思路。這四個要素中，估算分?jǐn)?shù)是基礎(chǔ)，個人性格是依據(jù)，職業(yè)生涯是參考，選報高校、專業(yè)是目的，四者相互影響，相互作用，構(gòu)成一個體系。
收集信息第2步——問高校
對高校有大致的選擇后，就要廣泛地收集信息。信息的收集既有招生政策的方方面面，也有高校的林林總總，力求全面、準(zhǔn)確、細(xì)致。在各類信息收集中，高校往年在河南省的錄取信息，即各高校往年招生計劃、上線考生人數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)段人數(shù)、錄取的最高分和最低分，考生和家長應(yīng)作為重點(diǎn)收集分析。有些考生和家長會問，高校往年的錄取信息，對今年我省在一本批次實(shí)行大平行志愿的錄取模式下，還是否具有價值。答案是顯而易見的，“知分、知位、知線”填報志愿，高校往年的錄取信息在考生填報志愿時仍然具有一定的指導(dǎo)作用，關(guān)鍵是如何運(yùn)用這類信息。在此，筆者提出“雙分值差比較法”，僅供考生和家長參考。“雙分值差比較法”是指某高校某年錄取最低分?jǐn)?shù)減去省(市區(qū))招辦劃定的某一批次錄取最低投檔控制線之間的差值(差值I)和當(dāng)年考生本人高考文化成績減去當(dāng)年省(市區(qū))招辦劃定的某一批次錄取最低投檔控制線之間的差值(差值II)，以兩者差值相比較并綜合其他信息，分析判斷作為填報志愿依據(jù)的方法。為增強(qiáng)指導(dǎo)作用，在進(jìn)行差值I計算時，至少要對某高校三年的差值I進(jìn)行計算，然后對三年的差值I平均，得出差值III，再用差值II減去差值III作比較。兩者差值的比較會出現(xiàn)正值、負(fù)值或相等三種狀況。處于正值時，分差越大，填報高校和專業(yè)志愿的有效性也就越大，分差越小，填報高校和專業(yè)志愿的有效性也就越小;處于負(fù)值，說明考生分?jǐn)?shù)低于某高校的最低錄取分，這部分考生填報高校和專業(yè)志愿的有效性就很小;處于相等時或處于略高的位置，這部分考生的志愿具有風(fēng)險，要慎重填報。大平行志愿是按1(計劃數(shù))∶1.05(投檔數(shù))投檔，相等或略高狀態(tài)下的考生就是0.05數(shù)據(jù)中的人數(shù)。
收集信息第3步——問專業(yè)
選擇的高校初步確定后，專業(yè)志愿又是考生和家長面臨選擇的一個難題。選報專業(yè)應(yīng)以個人性格和職業(yè)規(guī)劃為基點(diǎn)，圍繞專業(yè)是什么、學(xué)什么和干什么廣泛收集信息，內(nèi)容主要包括專業(yè)課程設(shè)置、專業(yè)培養(yǎng)計劃、專業(yè)培養(yǎng)方向和專業(yè)就業(yè)方向以及辦學(xué)實(shí)力等。在收集專業(yè)志愿信息時，考生和家長要注重高校錄取原則中對專業(yè)志愿的要求，這是因?yàn)槟硞€考生符合某個高校錄取條件，投檔到這所高校后，高校要以錄取原則根據(jù)考生的專業(yè)志愿進(jìn)行錄取。如果考生信息把握不準(zhǔn)專業(yè)志愿填報不當(dāng)，就會有落榜的風(fēng)險。各高校錄取原則對專業(yè)志愿的要求有三種錄取模式，一是“志愿清，分?jǐn)?shù)清”即志愿優(yōu)先，考生第一專業(yè)志愿就很關(guān)鍵。其次“ 分?jǐn)?shù)清，志愿清”即分?jǐn)?shù)優(yōu)先，高考文化分?jǐn)?shù)處于低位的考生填報專業(yè)志愿就要非常謹(jǐn)慎。最后是“專業(yè)級差分”即志愿與分?jǐn)?shù)的結(jié)合，考生第一志愿也很關(guān)鍵，第一志愿滿足不了，后面的專業(yè)志愿分?jǐn)?shù)就是關(guān)鍵了。至于高校以何模式為錄取原則，在各自的招生章程中會有明確的規(guī)定?？忌图议L在填報專業(yè)志愿時可能會遇到一個問題，是否服從專業(yè)調(diào)劑，這是一個在專業(yè)志愿高校不能滿足，無法錄取，如填寫專業(yè)服從調(diào)劑就有可能被錄取而解決就學(xué)的問題。這也需要考生和家長收集信息，有些學(xué)校按大類招生，有些學(xué)校規(guī)定在考生入校完成基礎(chǔ)課程的學(xué)習(xí)后，符合教學(xué)的規(guī)定，允許重新選擇專業(yè)?？忌图议L根據(jù)信息，是否填報服從專業(yè)調(diào)劑就由考生作出理性的判斷選擇。
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