16種時(shí)態(tài)的用法口訣_英語(yǔ)的16種時(shí)態(tài)用法
16種時(shí)態(tài)的用法口訣_英語(yǔ)的16種時(shí)態(tài)用法
英語(yǔ)共有十六種時(shí)態(tài),使用英語(yǔ)的十六種時(shí)態(tài)有什么方法與口訣呢?以下是由學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理關(guān)于16種時(shí)態(tài)的用法口訣,希望大家喜歡!
16種時(shí)態(tài)的用法口訣
一般時(shí) 進(jìn)行時(shí) 完成時(shí) 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在 study be studying have studied have been studying
過(guò)去 studied be studying had studied had been studying
將來(lái) will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying
過(guò)去將來(lái)would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying
時(shí)態(tài)(Tense)是表示行為、動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)在各種時(shí)間條件下的動(dòng)詞形式。因此,當(dāng)我們說(shuō)時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)候,指的是相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)下的動(dòng)詞形式。
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
用法:A) 表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。
B) 習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。
C) 經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
例:He always helps others. (他總是幫助別人。)
D) 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),則無(wú)法保持 主句、從句時(shí)態(tài)一致。
E) 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,(僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng) 、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞 )可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用 。常見的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
(下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (這班車多久一趟?)
F) 在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句里經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將來(lái)事 情。
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。)
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)
用法:現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)
用法:A) 表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成。
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold。
B) 表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是:“雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物,但他的許多見解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正。”challenge是及物動(dòng)詞,在本句中應(yīng)當(dāng)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);其動(dòng)作延續(xù)到今天,所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)??梢姶鸢甘荂) have been challenged。A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不可能是答案。B) may be challenged雖然是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但意思與全句內(nèi)容不合,所以不對(duì)。
C) 表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作或情況。通常用點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等。
例:John has broken his left leg.(約翰摔斷了左腿。)
注意事項(xiàng):A) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是聯(lián)系過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的紐帶?,F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別在于:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)態(tài),或受動(dòng)態(tài)的影響,是動(dòng)態(tài)的結(jié)果,對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響;過(guò)去時(shí)只表示過(guò)去的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院工作了8年。這只是講述一個(gè)過(guò)去的事實(shí),他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那家醫(yī)院了。)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已經(jīng)在那家醫(yī)院里工作了8年。表示他從過(guò)去開始工作,一直工作到現(xiàn)在,現(xiàn)在仍在那家醫(yī)院工作。)
B) 因?yàn)楹衒or加一段時(shí)間或since加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)這樣的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的完成時(shí),有動(dòng)態(tài)和延續(xù)性的特點(diǎn),所以不能使用終端動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài),可以延續(xù))
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(終端動(dòng)詞)
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成時(shí)。
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(這是我公司產(chǎn)品第二次參加國(guó)際展覽會(huì)。)
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的兩種時(shí)態(tài)都正確。
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來(lái)已經(jīng)10年了。)
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成時(shí)。
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我從未見過(guò)那位教授。)
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