英語六級晨讀美文：牛津大學(xué)
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Oxford Uruversity once famously claimed to have been founded by Alfred the Great in the 9th century, but in fact, the Universitbr as we know it today began to take shape in the 12th century when English scholars were exiled from Paris University and began to congregate at Oxford's Abbeys and Priories, which were by then already established centers ofleaming.
牛津大學(xué)曾經(jīng)一度盛傳是由阿爾弗來德一世在9世紀(jì)建立的。但事實(shí)上，我們今天所知道的牛津大學(xué)始建于12世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時一群英國學(xué)者從巴黎大學(xué)流放過來，云集于牛津的教堂和修道院中，在那時候教學(xué)中心就已經(jīng)建立起來了。
Today, 39 independent, self-governing colleges are related to the University in a t3rpe of federal system. Each is governed by a Head of House and a number of Fellows, who are academics specializing in a wide variety ofdiscipHnes, most of whom also hold Uruversity posts.
現(xiàn)在，39個獨(dú)立、自治的學(xué)院以一種聯(lián)邦體制的形式和校方聯(lián)系。每個學(xué)院由l位院長和幾名研究員管理，他們是多學(xué)科的專家教員，其中多數(shù)人還身兼校方職位。
Across both the Arts and the Sciences, Oxford research consistently ranks top both nationally and internationally, As well as being in the forefront of scientific, medical and technological achievement, the Universitr has strong links with research institutions and industrial concems both in the United Kingdom and overseas. The Universitr's income from extemally funded research grants and contracts in 1996- 1997 totaled over 107 million. The Uruversity's great age also allows its teaching staff and research students to tkaw on a heritage of magnificent
brary and museum collections.
從文至理，牛津大學(xué)的研究_直處于全國以及世界領(lǐng)先地位。它占據(jù)了科學(xué)、醫(yī)藥和技術(shù)成就的最前線，同英國乃至海外的研究機(jī)構(gòu)和工業(yè)部門都有著密切的聯(lián)系。學(xué)校在1996至1997年間從校外提供的研究基金與合同中得到的總收入逾1億700萬英鎊。悠久的歷史還為教職工和學(xué)生們做研究提供了豐富的圖書館資料與博物館館藏。
Students working for higher degrees are an important and valued part of Oxford University. They currently make up over a quarter of the total student body of 15,641, drawn by the exceUent facilities for research, which the Universitr can offer; therefore the proportion of graduate students is increasing. In all these fields, Oxford attracts scholars from many parts of the world to join its teaching and research staff, and also values important role of overseas graduate students (apprordmatey one thurd of the total graduate body) in providing intellectual stlmubition and creating and maintaining acadcmic links with colleges abroad To gain entry into the University。 students must first win a place by competitive examination at one ofthe colleges, which have their own adnussions policies.
為更高學(xué)位而攻讀的學(xué)生是牛津大學(xué)內(nèi)重要而且有價值的一部分。他們的人數(shù)占學(xué)生總?cè)藬?shù)15641的1/4以上，他們被校內(nèi)先進(jìn)的研究設(shè)備所吸引，因此研究生的比例還在上升著。牛津大學(xué)從世界許多國家招募了各個領(lǐng)域的眾多學(xué)者來壯大其教學(xué)研究隊伍。海外研究生(約占全體研究生的1/3)的重要地位也受到重視，此舉既鞭策了學(xué)風(fēng)，又與國外的高校建立并保持了聯(lián)系。要進(jìn)入牛津大學(xué)就讀，首先要通過其中一所學(xué)院的競爭考試。每個學(xué)院都有自己的錄取標(biāo)準(zhǔn).
The procedure for applications varies according to the subject you propose to study. There are no final deadlines for most applications, unless specified in particular_ subject section, but there are many more applications than places available, and the process of acceptance by both faculty board and college can take some time; early application is therefore strongly advised.
選讀的學(xué)科不同，申請的程序也有區(qū)別。 在大多數(shù)情況下，是沒有限制申請的最后期限的，除非某個特別學(xué)科有特定要求。但由于申請人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于就讀名額，而且要通過院、校雙方的錄取程序也頗費(fèi)周折，因此極力建議越早申請越好。