怎樣才能寫好英語作文(2)
精彩句子
精彩句子指文章中句式優(yōu)美、蘊(yùn)含哲理的句子。精彩句子的背誦有助于寫作時的引用和模仿。如在閱讀美國前總統(tǒng)約翰?肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)的就職演說(Inaugural Address)時，可以記住諸如“Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ”(不要問國家能為你做什么，而要問你能為國家做什么。)這樣的傳世佳句，當(dāng)你寫關(guān)于愛國(patriotism)主題的作文時，則可以適時引用?，F(xiàn)仍以上面談“愛心”的文章為例，其中值得背誦的句子為數(shù)不少。摘錄如下：
?、貺ove is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.
愛心是情感的力量，不論我們周圍的世界多么黑暗，愛心都能支撐我們。
?、赑eople all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can — be it money or goods — to help their needy fellow citizens.
全國人民毫不猶豫地傾囊相助——不管是錢還是物——幫助那些有需要的同胞。
?、跿he best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.
表達(dá)愛心的最好方式是幫助比我們更加不幸的人。
?、躎he darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.
悲傷的陰影越黑暗，愛心之燈的光芒就越閃亮。
優(yōu)秀段落
閱讀時，我們經(jīng)常會碰到一些過目難忘的段落。這些段落或者表達(dá)流暢、文筆優(yōu)美，或者邏輯縝密、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。根據(jù)表達(dá)需要，有不同的功能段落，如現(xiàn)象說明段、觀點(diǎn)陳述段、原因列舉段、利弊解釋段、結(jié)論歸納段、趨勢預(yù)測段、措施建議段等。有些優(yōu)秀段落可以作為寫作的功能段落加以背誦，對于我們拓展思路、規(guī)范行文大有裨益。在背誦過程中，熟練掌握各種功能段落的行文規(guī)則，自己在表達(dá)時就能駕輕就熟。下面僅舉觀點(diǎn)陳述段和措施建議段各一例。
觀點(diǎn)陳述段
(陳述“民族文化應(yīng)該成為世界文化”的觀點(diǎn))
A culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit China. They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. Meanwhile, as more and more foreigners come to China, they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the Chinese people. In this way, people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.
一個國家的文化可能成為世界文化，這對全人類都有益。由于中國已經(jīng)向外界敞開了國門，許多來自不同國家的人都希望來看一看中國。他們會開始接受并喜歡整個中國文化，中國文化應(yīng)該大大方方地讓感興趣的外國人分享。與此同時，隨著來中國的外國人越來越多，他們也把他們自己的文化帶給了中國人。這樣，世界各國的人們就能夠更好地相互理解、和平相處。
措施建議段
(建議“人口老齡化”的解決措施)
The rapidity of the population''s aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt, the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. What''s more, family care and community services should also be encouraged.
人口老齡化的加速使采取應(yīng)對措施變得更為緊迫。毫無疑問，解決問題的關(guān)鍵是建立穩(wěn)固的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。與此同時，應(yīng)該重視整體的社會進(jìn)步，改變社會保障、福利和服務(wù)的落后局面。除此之外，應(yīng)該鼓勵家庭照料和社區(qū)服務(wù)。
經(jīng)典篇章
古往今來，英語寶庫中涌現(xiàn)出大批經(jīng)典佳作，如林肯的《葛底斯堡演說》(The Gettysburg Address)，?？思{的諾貝爾獎演說(Banquet Speech)，海倫?凱勒的《給我三天光明》(Three Days to See)。這些文章在文字的運(yùn)用上技法高超，在思想內(nèi)涵上寓意深刻，讀來字字珠璣，文字優(yōu)美，啟迪心智，含義雋永(full of exquisite words and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing to the heart)。這樣的文章如不能熟讀成誦，則無法融會貫通。背誦一定數(shù)量的經(jīng)典名篇既有助于提高自己遣詞造句的能力，也有助于加強(qiáng)自己表達(dá)思想的深度。下面的一篇短文是英國哲學(xué)家羅素(Bertrand Russell)自傳的序言部分，題為What I Have Lived For(我的人生追求)，概述了作者一生追求的三種理想，文章在語言和思想兩個方面都堪稱經(jīng)典，值得背誦。
What I Have Lived For
Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.
I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy — ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness — that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what — at last — I have found.
With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.
Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people — a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can''t, and I too suffer.
This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
我的人生追求
有三種簡單然而無比強(qiáng)烈的激情左右了我的一生：對愛的渴望，對知識的探索和對人類苦難的難以忍受的憐憫。這些激情像颶風(fēng)，無處不在、反復(fù)無常地吹拂著我，吹過深重的苦海，瀕于絕境。
我尋找愛，首先是因?yàn)樗谷诵淖砩衩?，這種陶醉是如此的美妙，使我愿意犧牲所有的余生去換取幾個小時這樣的欣喜。我尋找愛，還因?yàn)樗獬陋?dú)，在可怕的孤獨(dú)中，一顆顫抖的靈魂從世界的邊緣看到冰冷、無底、死寂的深淵。最后，我尋找愛，還因?yàn)樵趷鄣慕蝗谥校衩囟志唧w而微地，我看到了圣賢和詩人們想象出的天堂的前景。這就是我所尋找的，而且，雖然對人生來說似乎過于美妙，這也是我終于找到了的。
以同樣的激情我探索知識。我希望能夠理解人類的心靈。我希望能夠知道群星為何閃爍。我試圖領(lǐng)悟畢達(dá)哥拉斯所景仰的數(shù)字力量，它支配著此消彼漲。僅在不大的一定程度上，我達(dá)到了此目的。
愛和知識，只要有可能，通向著天堂。但是憐憫總把我?guī)Щ貕m世。痛苦呼喊的回聲回蕩在我的內(nèi)心。忍饑挨餓的孩子，慘遭壓迫者摧殘的受害者，被兒女們視為可憎負(fù)擔(dān)的無助的老人，連同這整個充滿了孤獨(dú)、貧窮和痛苦的世界，使人類所應(yīng)有的生活成為了笑柄。我渴望能夠減少邪惡，但是我無能為力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。
這就是我的一生。我發(fā)現(xiàn)它值得一過。如果再給我一次機(jī)會，我會很高興地再活它一次。